Ancient Egypt is located in the lower reaches of the Nile River in northeast Africa. The Nile floods in July every year and recedes in June 165438+ 10. The soil is not only fertile because of silt, but also irrigated by river water, so agriculture is developed and it belongs to the rich hometown. Herodotus, an ancient Greek historian, said, "Egypt is the gift of the Nile". Around 3500 BC, two kingdoms, Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt, were established. Around 3000 BC, a unified dynasty was established and a slave-owner dictatorship was formed. It experienced three historical periods: the ancient kingdom, the middle kingdom and the new kingdom, and was finally destroyed by the Persian state in 525 BC.

Ancient Egypt made outstanding achievements in culture and science and technology. In order to predict the Nile flood, the earliest astronomy was formed. There is a solar calendar in 424 BC1year. In order to survey land, build ditches, build dams and bridges, the earliest geometry and hydraulics in Egypt were formed; Medicine has also developed to a certain extent in making mummies and treating diseases. There were graphic characters before 3000 BC. The state attaches great importance to writing, stipulating hieroglyphics with religious needs, simplified characters for government offices and cursive characters for business. In ancient Egypt, most people who mastered this knowledge were monks and scribes. They were also key figures in the education of slave owners in ancient Egypt.

In ancient Egypt, monks were priests. Ancient Egypt is a country where political power and theocracy are unified, and people worship 843 kinds of gods. In order to worship the gods and build temples extensively, there are many monks. Monks in temples are divorced from manual labor and are not in charge of water conservancy, astronomy, architecture, medicine and so on. Except for religious activities, they are knowledgeable, and most of them are also responsible for training successors. "Literati" refers to some people who are learned and good at writing. Most of the "scribes" in ancient Egypt worked in the government and enjoyed more privileges, so many slave owners were keen to train their sons to become "scribes" and serve as officials.

Schools in ancient Egypt mainly included teachers from court schools, temple schools and law schools.

Palace school is a place where children of royalty, nobles and ministers study, usually located in Pharaoh's palace. The temple school is located in the temple and is a school for training monks. The school of scribes is a private school, which enrolls students and gives lectures at home. It is customarily called the school of the scribes.