Mathematical thinking refers to the spatial form and quantitative relationship of the real world reflected in people's consciousness, which is the result of thinking activities. Mathematical thought is the essential understanding after summarizing mathematical facts and theories; Basic mathematics thought is the most fundamental, generalized and extensive mathematical thought embodied or should be embodied in basic mathematics. They contain the essence of traditional mathematical thought and the basic characteristics of modern mathematical thought, and are historically developed. Through the cultivation of mathematical thinking, the ability of mathematics will be greatly improved. Mastering mathematical thought means mastering the essence of mathematics.
Mathematics education is a subject that studies the practice and methods of mathematics teaching. Mathematics education is a social and cultural phenomenon, and its sociality determines that mathematics education should keep pace with the times and innovate constantly. A series of problems in mathematics education, such as educational objectives, educational content and educational technology, will change and develop with the progress of society. The background of mathematics education reform comes from at least nine considerations: knowledge economy, social relations, family pressure, international trends, examination reform, rejuvenating the country through science and education, deepening quality education, popularizing compulsory education and science and technology.