First, the connotation of educational equity from a pluralistic perspective
"Educational equity means equal educational opportunities. It includes two aspects: first, everyone enjoys the opportunity to receive education; Second, everyone receives quality education fairly. " [1] "Educational equity is a multi-dimensional and multi-level concept" [2], "Educational equity involves all aspects of society. From the perspective of educational equity, we need to stand at the height of the overall situation and pay attention to it from multiple angles and sides in order to fully grasp the rich connotation of educational equity "[3]. In the book "Educational Equity and Allocation of Educational Resources", Koryo pointed out that at least from the sociological point of view, the connotation of educational equity can be further considered from the following aspects.
From the perspective of educational practice, educational fairness is a dynamic fairness, such as starting point fairness, process fairness, evaluation fairness and result fairness. Educational equity is an idea and an educational ideal.
From the philosophical point of view, educational fairness is a kind of relative fairness, which reflects the degree of fairness and the dynamic process of educational fairness; Educational equity includes macro equity, meso equity and micro equity. Educational equity is an ideal that education should adhere to and an important idea to guide educational practice.
From the perspective of resource science, educational equity refers to the effective allocation of educational resources by different subjects. The different allocation of educational resources by the government may affect the educational equity between regions and different levels; The different allocation of educational resources by schools may also affect the educational equity among schools, teachers and students. Teachers' different allocation of educational resources may affect the educational equity among classes, subjects and courses, and students.
From the school's point of view, educational equity refers to the rationality of the allocation of educational resources provided by the government for its school education, such as educational policy resources, enrollment plan, educational financial investment, etc.
From the perspective of educators, educational resources provide possibilities and specific conditions for them to implement education, such as the composition of students, teaching facilities, educational information resources, educational evaluation and management policy resources.
From the perspective of the educated, educational equity refers to the satisfaction of various educational needs caused by individual differences. It is related to the allocation of educational resources, but also to the specific degree of development and utilization of educational resources.
Educational equity refers not only to the distribution of educational resources, but also to the psychological satisfaction of the educated. Educational equity is the rationality and effectiveness of the allocation of educational resources by the government and schools; For the educated, it is this fair distribution that brings him equal educational opportunities and quality.
Educational equity includes not only the environment provided by social environment for education, but also the reasonable and effective allocation of internal resources in education. Educational equity includes not only a fair educational environment, but also the degree to which the educated themselves strive for it. As an educated person, one's own efforts are in direct proportion to educational equity. Educational equity depends on the distribution of government educational resources and the efforts of the educated themselves. The direction of educational equity is two-way rather than one-way.
Second, ways to promote education equity
Educational equity is the cornerstone of a harmonious society and one of the educational ideals of human beings. In educational practice, educational equity still has important guiding significance. Although educational unfairness cannot be eradicated, at least effective measures can be taken to narrow the gap and achieve relative fairness.
1. Promote the balanced allocation of educational resources through the educational policy path.
Education equity is first of all the equity of education system and policy. Article 9 of the Education Law of the People's Republic of China and Article 6 of the Compulsory Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) have clearly defined educational equity. Education policy has at least two important meanings in education equity.
First, the fairness of education policy itself, such as enrollment policy, education planning policy, education finance policy, education evaluation policy and so on. In the process of implementing educational policies, the differences among policy implementers may often lead to unfairness of educational policies. Taking the education enrollment policy as an example, due to the differences among regions, schools, especially individual students, there is unfairness in the implementation of the education enrollment policy.
Second, in the allocation of educational resources, educational policy plays a key role in the allocation of educational resources. Therefore, the unbalanced allocation of educational resources is largely due to the unreasonable design of educational policies. The same educational financial investment policy is implemented, but the results of investment are very different due to the differences in economic structure and level between regions and between urban and rural areas. This imbalance is not only manifested in administrative divisions, but also in different levels.
Education policy not only plays a decisive role in the allocation of educational resources, but also plays an important role in psychological guidance and balance, which is of great significance to society, schools and families, especially to the educated. Therefore, the educational policy itself should fully consider the educational equity, and on this basis, realize the optimized, reasonable and balanced allocation of educational resources.
The educational equity considered in educational policy is not egalitarianism, but varies according to different implementation targets.
2. Enrich and optimize educational resources through the path of educational financial investment.
Source: Tang Mingzhao. Educational equity from multiple perspectives and its realization path [J]. Teaching and Management, 2017,06: 31-33.