Solve the deep-seated problems in the development of preschool education

Key institutional mechanisms

A 20 15-year survey by He Hao and others from the School of Education Science of Hubei Normal University shows that among more than 500 kindergartens in a city in Wuling Mountain area, there are 33%, 24% and 10% children in large, medium and small classes respectively, with more than 50 children. Liu Zhanlan, a professor at China Academy of Educational Sciences, found that the class size in some poor areas was as high as 160. Liu Zhanlan's investigation also found that the average teacher-child ratio of kindergartens in some counties is 1∶23.3, and some reach 1∶36. 1.

In recent years, Pang, Chairman of the China Committee of the World Preschool Education Organization and Deputy Director of the Standing Committee of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress, has been calling for legislation on preschool education and led relevant research teams to conduct in-depth field research for several years.

Pang said: "We found that the shortage of resources, especially the serious shortage of inclusive resources, is the prominent principal contradiction in the development of preschool education in China; At the same time, many local kindergartens are difficult to operate because of lack of funds; There are gardens that cannot be opened because of lack of teachers; There are also some teachers whose professional quality is not high and the quality of education is not high. "

The main reasons for these problems are that the system adapted to China's national conditions and development needs has not been established, and the construction of teaching staff lacks policies. In some places, the responsibility of the government is not in place. The more fundamental reason is that there is no pre-school education law in China, and these deep-seated problems and key institutional mechanisms in the reform and development of pre-school education are not clearly defined.

The second influence

Further clarify the management responsibility of the government.

Strengthen management power

"From a legal point of view, compulsory education is the responsibility of the government. But the field of preschool education is very different, which involves the relationship between government, society and market. " Wang Daquan believes that the primary issue of legislation is to clarify management responsibilities.

In this regard, Wang Jingbo agreed: "The pre-school education law aims to solve the problem of the whole pre-school education management system. Solve the relationship between government, society and market. The government should assume the leading responsibility, that is to say, the government responsibility here cannot be passed on to the market, and the market cannot assume this responsibility instead of the government. "

In reality, it is more urgent to clarify the management responsibility of preschool education. "With the deepening of the reform of the education system, the number of pre-school education organizers is increasing, and the management is more difficult; On the other hand, the administrative power of preschool education at all levels is being weakened. " Zhou Hongyu, deputy to the National People's Congress, deputy director of the Standing Committee of Hubei Provincial People's Congress and professor of the School of Education of Huazhong Normal University, said.

From the national situation, most enterprises and institutions run parks and private parks are not included in the administrative and business management scope of the education administrative department, which leads to the lack of supervision over the norms of running parks and the quality of education in these kindergartens. There is not only the problem of insufficient administrative power, but also the legal basis of management can not meet the needs.

Zhou Hongyu suggested that according to the current situation of preschool education in China and China's actual national conditions, the basic principles of preschool education development of "government-led, extensive social participation, public financial support and multi-channel investment, and common development of public and private enterprises" should be established, and the system of running parks should be established.

The third influence

Really establish provincial overall planning.

County management system

"An important reason for the weak development of preschool education is that the management chassis is too low." Pang believes that to achieve the goal of basically popularizing preschool education by 2020, it is necessary to clearly establish a provincial-level overall planning and county-based management system, that is, it is necessary to clearly lead the development of preschool education in the province and the balanced development in the region by the provincial government, while ensuring financial input. "Only by raising it to the provincial level can the financial input in the province be relatively balanced."

There should be a long-term mechanism to support the input system while managing the chassis lifting. "To ensure the operation, it is necessary to establish and improve the per capita funding standard and per capita financial allocation standard system, and establish the corresponding standard system. It is stipulated how much proportion is used for preschool classes, and all localities can explore and provide experience. " Pang said to him:

She pointed out that it is very necessary to formulate a preschool education law to clarify the nature, purpose and purpose of preschool education, and at the same time clarify the responsibilities of the government, especially the management system, investment system, kindergarten system, teacher team construction, supervision and evaluation.

The fourth influence

Pratt & Whitney kindergarten will become the mainstream

Preschool education returns to public welfare.

May 20 17, with the launch of the third preschool education action plan, a final "red line" about inclusive kindergartens is also coming out.

According to the opinions issued by the Ministry of Education and other four departments on the implementation of the third preschool education action plan, by 2020, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education in China will reach about 85%, and the coverage rate of inclusive kindergartens will reach about 80%. By 2020, all kindergarten teachers will be certified.

How to define inclusive kindergartens with 80% kindergartens in the future in the pre-school education law? This is not only a question of "birthright", but also related to the relationship between publicity and marketization of preschool education services.

"Can inclusive preschool education replace inclusive kindergarten?" In Wang Daquan's view, it is better to label preschool education as inclusive than to label kindergartens as inclusive. "The government is obliged to provide inclusive preschool education for 80% of school-age children, which can be achieved in various forms."

Huang Wei, deputy director of the Administrative Law Office of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Law Committee, explained: "Generally speaking, preschool education itself is a public welfare undertaking. Allowing some for-profit schools to participate in such public welfare undertakings will not only affect the public welfare of the entire education cause, but also meet the needs of parents for educational diversity. "

David Shen suggested that private kindergartens should be encouraged and standardized. At the national level, the concept and management of inclusive private kindergartens should be further clarified; Local people's governments at all levels guide and support private kindergartens to provide inclusive conservation education services.

The fifth influence

Social parks have been given a clearer legal status.

Between public and private, there is also a kind of kindergarten run by the society. In the future development, this kind of society needs a clear legal position to run kindergartens.

20 15 the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Reform of State-owned Enterprises", which has clearly required the government and state-owned enterprises to establish a reasonable cost-sharing mechanism, raise funds through multiple channels, and divest hospitals, schools, communities and other public service institutions in the families of employees of state-owned enterprises through separation, transfer, reorganization and closure.

Under the background of socialized reform of state-owned enterprises, how to transform these numerous enterprises to run parks is still a difficult problem to be solved urgently.

The sixth influence

The salary of kindergarten teachers is guaranteed as a whole.

Pre-school education funds are guaranteed

Although it has topped the aura of Pratt & Whitney and received corresponding subsidies, some complete Pratt & Whitney parks are still struggling to operate. An important reason is that they don't have teachers' funds for public parks. "Even if it is done, good teachers can't stay, and development lacks potential."

"It is very easy for us to dig a teacher from an inclusive kindergarten. The salary of our kindergarten teachers is 6.5438+0.2 million to 6.5438+0.5 million a year, but the inclusive kindergartens are only 60,000 to 70,000. " Pan Xin, president of Suzhou Industrial Park Foreign Language School, said.