The establishment of Hefei's new school began in the late Qing Dynasty, but it developed slowly. At that time, there was only one middle school, which evolved from the academy, and did not break away from the pattern of "loyalty to the monarch and respect for Confucius". The number of primary schools was also small, and private schools occupied the main position. From 1949 to 1956, the education in this city experienced the process of acceptance, transformation and development. 1949 10 month, Hefei was liberated. According to the spirit of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's instruction of "gradually and cautiously carrying out the education reform in old schools", the semi-feudal and semi-colonial education was fundamentally reformed. Take over the original public schools, manage private schools and strengthen leadership. Recovered the sovereignty of the missionary school, cut off the contact with imperialism and got rid of the control of the church. After preliminary adjustment and transformation, 9 municipal primary schools, 2 municipal secondary schools, 4 private primary schools and 1 private secondary schools all started classes at the beginning of the new semester. In addition, primary schools have been set up for the children of workers and peasants, people's grants have been set up, tuition fees have been reduced or exempted, and children of workers and peasants in financial difficulties have been taken care of, so that working people have gained the right to education; Gradually take over and reform private schools, abolish the discipline system in schools and implement democratic management; Cancel reactionary courses, clear the reactionary contents of feudalism and colonialism from textbooks of various subjects, and offer revolutionary politics courses and other new courses; Organize teachers and students to participate in anti-bandits, anti-hegemony, land reform, counter-insurgency and other political movements and voluntary labor. Establish the embryonic form of national, scientific and popular new-democratic education. 195 1 year newly established Hefei Health School, 1952 established Hefei Normal School and Hefei Medical College. Southeast Medical College moved to Hefei and changed to Anhui Medical College; At the same time, the number of ordinary middle schools in the city has grown to five. There are 2329 students in school; There are 79 primary schools with students 13084; The education department has established two kindergartens with 135 children, and adult education has also developed. Cities began to form a relatively complete system of children, primary schools, middle schools, technical secondary schools, higher education and adult education. At that time, nearly 10,000 people attended various schools, accounting for one-fifth of the city's total population. During the period of 1952, the ideological reform movement was carried out among teachers, and teachers were reorganized and adjusted, and a team of teachers who are interested in contributing to the new society began to form.

From 65438 to 0953, the country entered the first five-year plan construction period, and all kinds of education in Hefei began to develop in a planned and proportional way. By 1956, the city has established four institutions of higher learning in industry, agriculture, medicine and teachers, with 443 students 1 person and 9 secondary specialized schools (including1normal school) with 4925 students. Implementing the policy of "walking on two legs", "developing general education, with 8 public and private middle schools with 95 10 students; There are 7 1 primary schools with 26,268 students. Four kindergartens run by the education department have been established, with 6 16 children. Agricultural schools with more than 300 students 1 institute. The learning rate of school-age children is 83%; The number of students in schools at all levels accounts for a quarter of the total number of students in the city.

Schools of all levels and types have carried out socialist and communist ideological and moral education, incorporated labor education into general education, and focused on testing the mechanic education in Hefei No.1 Middle School and Hefei Normal School. Since 1955, the labor health system has been implemented in primary and secondary schools. 1956 set up a teaching laboratory for primary and secondary schools to specifically guide the research work of education and teaching in primary and secondary schools. Organize teachers to learn from the experience of the Soviet Union and sum up their own experience in combination with their own practice. Take effective measures to pay close attention to teachers' professional training, so that the majority of teachers have gained a double harvest in thought and business.

During this period, in the process of learning the experience of the Soviet Union, there appeared excessive demands, haste and formalism, but it played a positive role in reforming old education and building new education. In the process of reforming the old education, there have also been cases in which teachers and students participated in political movements too much and randomly transferred teachers to do central work. But it wasn't long before it was corrected in time. From 1957 to 1966, the country entered the period of building socialism in an all-round way, and Hefei education entered a new stage of building socialist education. The educational policy of "educated people should develop morally, intellectually and physically in an all-round way and become educated workers with socialist consciousness" put forward by Comrade Mao Zedong in February 1957 has been implemented, and schools at all levels have been developed. This paper discusses how to take the road of enlightenment education in China. The educational system, curriculum, teaching materials and teaching methods were reformed. In the meantime, due to the lack of experience and the influence of "Left" thinking, 1958 appeared the phenomenon of "blind command" and "exaggeration", which destroyed the normal order of school education. Soon after, there appeared such phenomena as one-sided emphasis on enrollment rate, neglect of students' health, over-emphasis on political education, and students' excessive participation in social activities. 1962 carry out the policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement", sum up experience and lessons, and open up the road of building socialist education in all directions. After the "Regulations on the Work of Full-time Colleges, Middle Schools and Primary Schools" (draft for trial implementation) formulated by the central government was issued, our city first tried it out in some primary and secondary schools and widely carried it out in 1963. 1962 implemented two education systems, and established four agricultural reclamation schools successively. The simultaneous development of full-time middle schools and semi-agricultural and semi-study schools has broken the simplification of the educational structure of middle schools. During this period, primary and secondary schools in Hefei have explored and practiced in arranging school political work and labor education, carrying out work-study programs, integrating theory with practice, reducing students' burden, and teachers' professional education, and gained preliminary experience. The teaching reform experiments of various subjects are also developing constantly, such as the Chinese teaching reform experiment in middle schools, the practice experiment while talking in mathematics teaching, the foreign language teaching experiment in the directly affiliated primary schools, and the centralized literacy experiment in the directly affiliated primary schools. , and have achieved certain results.

By 1966, there were 9 institutions of higher learning in the city, with 9,529 students, secondary specialized schools 1 1 person (including secondary normal schools 1 person), 2,903 students, 54 middle schools (including reform schools and agricultural middle schools) and 2 students. Primary schools 154, with 74,426 students, kindergartens run by the education department 12, and children in the park 1325; Deaf-mute schools changed from private to public, which filled the blank of special education in Hefei. The city has formed a relatively complete socialist education system that combines full-time and part-time education, general education and professional education, formal education and amateur education, and public education and private education, which can basically adapt to the development of the national economy. A team of teachers who are loyal to people's education and meet the needs of education at all levels has basically taken shape. Students develop morally, intellectually and physically. After the downfall of the Gang of Four, especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Hefei education has completely brought order out of chaos, conscientiously implemented the policy of "adjustment, reform, rectification and improvement" and gradually embarked on the road of healthy development. First of all, it overthrew the "two estimates" concocted by the Gang of Four, smashed the spiritual shackles, corrected the extremely "left" thoughts and practices in education in previous political movements, especially the "Cultural Revolution", re-examined and corrected all kinds of unjust, false and misjudged cases, improved the treatment and status of teachers, implemented the intellectual policy, and mobilized the enthusiasm of teachers. At the same time, the function of the management organization and the normal teaching order of the school have been restored; While gradually adjusting the ratio of education to economy, the imbalance in education has been gradually solved: key primary and secondary schools in children's schools have been identified and actively run, two middle schools with unreasonable layout have been removed, provincial secondary specialized schools have been established, and the high school hats of six middle schools have been removed, so that they can concentrate on running junior high schools well, and the high schools in urban areas have been gradually changed into three-year schools, three junior high schools have been removed, and junior high schools have been abolished in urban areas. It is convenient to concentrate on running a good primary school. More than 20 street-run incomplete primary schools in grades one to three were merged with nearby public primary schools and restored to complete primary schools. Since the autumn of 1983, urban primary schools have been changed to six-year programs, and some teachers who teach in high schools and junior high schools have been mobilized to return to junior high schools and primary schools respectively, thus enriching the backbone of junior high schools and primary schools. Through adjustment, the top-heavy situation in primary and secondary schools has gradually changed. The simplification of secondary education structure has changed. Five ordinary middle schools have been transformed into vocational middle schools, and some middle schools have opened vocational classes, with more than 3,000 students studying in vocational middle schools (classes). Secondary professional education and higher education have also made great progress. Hefei Kindergarten Normal School, Hefei Economic Management School, Hefei Education College and Hefei United University have been established, and RTVU and correspondence education have been developed.

In recent years, the municipal and district education departments have set up a new leadership team, completed the task of adjusting the members of school leaders at all levels, and promoted a large number of backbone teachers with both ability and political integrity as school leaders within one year. Personnel work, student status management, teaching and scientific research work, veteran cadre work, financial management, school-run industrial management, school post responsibility system and other rules and regulations. Educational management and teaching management have been formulated and strengthened. As soon as the teaching reform experiment is fully launched, nearly 100 teaching reform experiments are under way. The establishment of "Hefei Teaching Research" will give the city's educators a position to exchange experience in education and teaching reform. The audio-visual education museum was established, and the city's audio-visual education work conference was held for the first time, which made the city's audio-visual education step up to a new level. At present, the momentum of audio-visual education in many primary and secondary schools in our city is very good.

In recent years, primary and secondary schools in the city have actively carried out work-study programs. Established an education industry company, strengthened the leadership of schools and factories, realized unified planning and deployment, and made great achievements in primary and secondary schools and factories in the city. 1985, the total output value of primary and secondary schools in the city increased from 1976 to 913.69 million yuan, an increase of nearly 15 times. 1984, the education industry company won the title of provincial advanced unit. By the end of 1985, there were 10 colleges and universities in the city (excluding military colleges, TV universities, correspondence universities, publishing universities and amateur universities) with more than 28,000 students. There are 33 full-time technical secondary schools (including normal schools 1, kindergarten normal schools1/699 students, 97 ordinary technical secondary schools (including technical secondary schools run by vocational schools and other departments), with 6294 students1students and 249 primary schools with 8265438+ students. There are 500 public and private kindergartens with 3,365,438+066 children. Primary education is universal, and junior high school education is universal in cities and towns, and the rate of children entering the park reaches 70%. At the same time, it also stimulated the enthusiasm of the society for running schools. At present, various democratic parties and mass organizations have set up Zhongshan Night School, Yucai School, Ren Jian Amateur School, Youth Night School, Amateur University for Staff and Workers, various cultural cram schools and various vocational training courses. In the past two years, 265,438+04,000 teenagers participated in this research. An upsurge of learning the four major chemical cultures and technologies is starting in the whole city.