Zhang Hao/Comics
Topic of this issue: Hao Ping, Vice Minister of Education, recently said that the Ministry of Education is currently drafting a family education law with the All-China Women's Federation, and the next step will be to solicit opinions from the society. The Family Education Law is coming soon. What are your expectations and suggestions for this law?
Topic preview: Recently, Shenzhen launched a special campaign of "No Motorcycle and Power Limit", which triggered a heated discussion among the public. From April 1 1, Beijing will also ban electric two-wheeled vehicles in some sections. Should motorcycles and electric two-wheeled vehicles be banned and how should they be managed? What's your opinion and suggestion?
Fu: Let the law enter the house.
Family education legislation is the embodiment of law entering the family. Family is the cell of society, and children are the future of the motherland. Under the theme of governing the country according to law, the traditional thinking of "law does not go out" is out of date. It can also be seen from the introduction of "often going home to see" and the anti-domestic violence law that the rule of law enters the family is an inevitable trend and is the embodiment that the rule of law touches all levels of the social governance system.
Family education legislation is not only a macro need for the construction of the rule of law, but also a specific and small need to solve a series of practical problems such as family education, social security and services, and the healthy growth of children. For example, in view of the unbalanced development of family education under the dual difference between urban and rural areas, it is necessary to balance rights and interests through legislation, and stipulate that financial funds, teachers, schools and other high-quality educational resources should be invested more in rural areas to protect rural children's right to education and realize educational equity; For example, many parents lack parenting knowledge and experience, do not know how to educate and train their children scientifically and reasonably, and there is a phenomenon of "stick education", which needs to be regulated by legislation; For example, many rural parents go out to work, and "left-behind children" are left unattended for a long time, but social services cannot keep up. It is necessary to legislate to stipulate specific parental responsibilities and obligations and provide necessary social security and services; For example, many single-parent families and remarried families do not care and educate their children enough, and even abuse and abuse their children, which also needs legislative consideration.
Of course, in the specific operation of family education legislation, we should also pay attention to the differences in educational methods and living habits of thousands of families. Legislation should pay attention to and determine major issues and general directions in principle. As long as the specific educational behavior does not violate the prohibitive provisions of the law and does not harm the rights and interests of children's healthy growth, it should not be subject to too many restrictions.
In short, family education has stepped out of the legal vacuum and entered the track of rule of law. It is the general trend of social development and progress to fill the shortcomings of education guarantee and service through legislation, realize the balance and fairness of education development, and ensure that children can grow up healthily and happily in rural areas and cities.
Li Hong: Family education is "business"
For a long time, people think that family education is a private act, a "family matter" and a private activity field. In fact, family and family education are the foundation of school education and even the whole education system. Family and family education are no longer "home" or "private" in the original sense, but "officials" or "things" related to the overall development of society. This is a public social affair involving major public interests. Therefore, the government is duty-bound to assume the management responsibility of family education.
Western developed countries generally regard promoting the healthy development of family education as the responsibility and obligation of the government and have established a complete family education system. If parents are accused of "serious neglect" of their children, it will be equivalent to the crime of abuse and will be severely punished. Therefore, it should be made clear in legislation that the government is the responsible subject for the management and implementation of family education. However, at present, the organization and management of family education, personnel investment and policy guarantee of our government are not satisfactory. It is necessary to clarify the management institutions at all levels of family education and their corresponding responsibilities, give corresponding management authority, and give support in terms of material, funds, systems and personnel. It is also necessary to stipulate how the government can take over in time in the absence of family education, so that children can not become victims of "problem families."
At the same time, family education legislation should take the regulation of "problem parents" as an important goal. In the period of social transformation, education changes with the changes of families, such as "tiger mother", "eagle father", "cat father" and "sheep father". Various parents have formed many factions in the way of family education. In addition, "nurturing without teaching" and "teaching without teaching" coexist, and cases of family education failure are common. Education departments and communities at all levels can set up "parent education schools" to provide parents with compulsory training in various ways and angles to improve their family education level.
Li Xuewen: The focus should be on The Guardian.
Compared with the government responsibility and complete family education system in western developed countries, the conditions for our government to assume the main responsibility in family education are not yet mature, and we still need to focus on parents and other guardians, hoping to clarify the main responsibilities and obligations of guardians in family education in legislation.
The first is to establish a sense of responsibility. Whether it is the dominant left-behind children caused by objective factors such as going out to make a living, or the hidden left-behind children created by the concept of "taking care of the whole life and taking care of the next generation", the lack of family education is due to the lack of responsibility consciousness of parents and other guardians. Therefore, establishing a sense of responsibility is the first priority, and marriage and family education courses should be included in the pre-marriage procedure. Anyone who wants to get engaged must receive family education guidance for a certain period of time, pass the corresponding exams, get married and have children, and pass the first level of family education.
The second is to update conceptual knowledge. At present, there is a strong idea of "family standard" in the concept of family education, and children are still regarded as accessories of the family rather than independent people. Over-protection and over-education occur from time to time. Without professional and systematic educational ideas and knowledge input, even some guardians with modern educational ideas are still "crossing the river by feeling the stones". Relevant departments should constantly learn and update their educational concepts and gradually realize the normalization of family education and training. On the one hand, they should gather cultural, propaganda, health, civil affairs, public security, women's federations, trade unions and other mass organizations to form a joint force to update the concept of family education; On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of family education market, provide systematic and professional scientific guidance for family education through the way of government purchasing services, and then realize one-on-one normalized training to dispel guardians' parenting anxiety.
The third is to establish a disciplinary mechanism. For some irresponsible guardians, accountability mechanism and legal punishment are essential. On the one hand, for guardians who refuse to participate in family education guidance and neglect family education, the judicial department can punish them with admonition and fines according to factors such as the degree of harm; On the other hand, guardians who seriously neglect or abuse minors are deprived of their guardianship qualifications and shall be investigated for criminal or civil liability according to law.
Summer Xu: Straighten out three key issues.
Family Education Law is quite strange to most parents. In fact, there are many provisions on family education in China's laws and regulations: for example, the Constitution stipulates that "parents have the obligation to raise and educate their minor children"; The Marriage Law and the General Principles of the Civil Law define parents' obligation to raise and educate. Special laws such as the Education Law, the Compulsory Education Law, the Law on the Protection of Minors, the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Women and Children, and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency stipulate the subject, content and responsibility of family education.
However, in recent years, "Wolf Dad" and "Tiger Mom" education model, juvenile delinquency, child abuse and other family education issues are confusing: Why can't the existing laws and regulations regulate family education?
On the one hand, influenced by the concept of "home outside the law" and modern family autonomy and family independence, people generally think that family education is a family matter, and outsiders have no right to interfere, and public power should not intervene, making family education a "place outside the law" for different people. On the other hand, due to the lack of specific operational implementation rules, it is difficult for functional departments to break the "shell" of family closure with the "sword" of law, which leads to some family education violations escaping the supervision of public power. Obviously, only by answering the three key questions of "what to manage", "how to manage" and "who will manage" can the family education problem be truly contained.
What does the Family Education Law care about? Different families and children have different educational models, and the differences between urban and rural areas, family economic and cultural conditions and other family privacy attributes objectively require a cautious, scientific and rational attitude to grasp the "degree" of legal intervention and balance the relationship between "private" and "public" in family education. We should clarify the responsibilities of government, society and schools for supporting, serving and helping family education, and focus on bringing the family education crisis of minors' health, safety, morality or self-development into management.
How to manage family education? In view of the fact that there is still a big market for the idea that it is not good to interfere in family affairs, it is better to do one more thing. A compulsory reporting system should be established to help professional workers who provide services for minors, such as management institutions, social welfare institutions, primary and secondary schools, kindergartens and medical institutions. It should be clearly recognized that violations of family education should be reported in time to effectively prevent family education deviation and curb possible vicious family education incidents.
Who will take care of family education? Parents are undoubtedly the first responsible person for family education, but when parents cannot fulfill their family education responsibilities due to drug abuse, mental illness and other reasons. Or passively perform family education duties, whether it is to ask or let children die, we must designate specific functional departments to participate in guidance and correction. In addition, it is necessary to refine the conditions, methods and specific responsibilities of education, women's federations, civil affairs and other departments to participate in family education, so as to ensure that some children who do not receive family education are cared for by the state; Clarify the specific conditions, methods, legal responsibilities and responsible subjects of improper exercise of family education rights to ensure the effectiveness of law enforcement.
Netizen voice
Wei Guilian: The timeless classics such as Family Instructions of Yan, Family Instructions of Zeng Guofan and Letters from Fu Lei fully demonstrate the importance of family education. It is necessary to improve the quality of family education through legislation and provide a good environment for the healthy growth of children.
Shi Wengang: The Family Education Law must clearly define the respective responsibilities and obligations of the government, schools and parents, and also set up special funds for family education, and establish different investment systems and financing methods for family education in rural and urban areas.
Song Diyu: We urgently need a law to adjust the educational relationship between parents and children. We hope that the Family Education Law can ensure that children and parents can talk on an equal platform.
Yang Jinkun: Family education is not optimistic, parents love morality and go astray, juvenile crimes are seen in the media, child abuse cases and abandoned babies cases, and left-behind children are in tears. The Ministry of Education and the Women's Federation, grasping the problem is the key. Clear institutions and subjects, multi-departments and specialized personnel, and build a three-dimensional education terminal, so that rights, responsibilities and obligations are fully reflected, and funding guarantee is the most critical.
Li Huan: At present, the family education of children in China is worrying. Many parents lack the correct concept of family education, some indulge their children, and some are simple and rude to their children, which is not conducive to their healthy growth. China is strong when teenagers are strong, and we look forward to the early introduction of the family education law.
Wang Yameng: Families in China, especially those in urban and rural areas, have very different economic conditions and face different problems. If we use legal norms to regulate family education, we need to do a basic investigation.
Lian Zhen: School education is a batch education, social education is the continuation and development of school education, and family education is an individual education, which is the basis of school education and social education and determines the effectiveness of school education and social education.
Zhang Zhiyong: The family education law aims at creating a good environment for children to grow up, and the key is how to implement it. I hope that the legal system of family education will pay more attention and consideration to the family education of rural families, especially the left-behind children in rural areas.
Yellow River: I hope that the state can urge relevant functional departments to invest special funds for family education in grass-roots organizations in the form of legislation, and supervise the earmarking of special funds, so that the majority of communities and rural areas can hire family education experts to provide quality consultation and training.
Yao Enming: Law is not a sharp weapon to solve all social contradictions. As a social cell, the problems faced by the family vary from person to person and from thing to thing. Don't expect to complete all tasks with one rule.
Huang: Many people believe in the educational concept of "filial sons are born under sticks", but they don't know that this has a great influence on children's values and outlook on life. Many adults' habitual crimes are often related to their early family life experiences. So I am full of expectations for this family education law.
Liang Liqi: When it comes to family education, most people will think that it is a one-way education for children. In fact, when parents educate their children, parents are also educated. In some ways, parents should also learn from their children sincerely. It is suggested that the Family Education Law should list the provisions that parents should strengthen their study.