Foundation refers to basic knowledge, basic skills, basic ideas and basic activity experience.
1. 1 basic knowledge
Basic knowledge is an essential skill for learning any subject, which provides support and guarantee for the cultivation of other skills and ideas. The basic knowledge of mathematics mainly refers to the concepts, properties, formulas, laws, theorems and special methods derived from its contents.
For example, the understanding of graphics, the operation of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and the special laws of addition, multiplication, exchange and association.
1.2 basic skills
Basic skills are an important means to realize knowledge transformation, application and creation. In mathematics, it mainly refers to the ability of mathematical behavior to skillfully operate, optimize calculation, simplify, deform, draw, reason and prove according to certain procedures and steps.
For example, students' computing ability, logical reasoning ability, spatial imagination ability, geometric thinking ability and so on.
1.3 basic idea
For example, in primary school, we should focus on cultivating students' mathematical abstract thinking, mathematical reasoning thinking, mathematical modeling thinking and so on. Parents and teachers should pay attention to infiltrating mathematical ideas into their children when giving them teaching guidance, rather than teaching mathematical knowledge as the main goal.
1.4 basic activity experience
Basic activity experience is concrete experience and skills gained through practice. Parents and teachers should create more opportunities for children to get personalized experience through personal experience or teaching activities, so as to better understand and apply mathematics knowledge.
For example, computing in life and solving practical mathematical problems can strengthen children's computing ability, and at the same time let children deeply feel the concrete meaning represented by abstract mathematical formula operation.
Ability refers to the ability to find and raise problems, and the ability to analyze and solve problems.
2. 1 Ability to find and ask questions
Finding and asking questions is an important prerequisite for academic research and production and life. Parents and teachers should encourage students to observe life from a mathematical perspective and think mathematically about some common or unexplained phenomena. On the basis of finding the problem, using appropriate mathematical language and symbols, the problem is further abstracted mathematically, and the mathematical problem is clearly expressed in a specific logical framework and mathematical relationship.
2.2 Ability to analyze and solve problems
Analyzing and solving problems is an important application ability in learning. After discovering and asking questions, students should learn how to further analyze the problems and choose strategies and methods to solve them. Finally, the problem was solved smoothly. This process also highlights the requirements of ability training and effectively supports the development of mathematics core literacy.
2.3 Innovation ability
Mathematics learning requires high innovation ability, flexible topics, and requires students to know how to draw inferences from others. The knowledge system of mathematics is huge and complex, and there are many solutions to a subject, such as formula method and drawing method, which require students to have innovative thinking ability to stand out.
2.4 Practical ability
Practical ability is the experience and skills acquired by students through practical experience and activities, and it is an important means to comprehensively apply subject knowledge, skills and ideas. It is necessary to improve students' awareness of mathematics application and abstract specific situations in life into mathematical problems to solve, which can not only consolidate the knowledge they have learned, but also improve their interest in mathematics learning.
Third, what should parents do to cultivate the "four basics" and "four abilities"?
Encourage children to dare to question and cultivate the ability to find and ask questions.
Encourage children to question bravely. Why do you understand this? Wouldn't another solution be more convenient? This can cultivate children's ability to ask questions and questions. If because if his argument is wrong, it proves that the child has not considered the problem comprehensively and there is a knowledge blind spot, the process of argument is the literacy process of basic knowledge, and it can also optimize the way of thinking and analyzing problems. If the argument is correct, he will consolidate his memory of correct thinking and help to cultivate mathematical thinking.
Encourage children to think from multiple angles and exercise their thinking ability and innovation ability.
The reference answer is generally the optimal solution of a topic, but most topics don't know that there is a solution, or there is more than one idea. As parents, children should be encouraged to think more and should not be satisfied with a method of referring to answers. This is actually training their ability to break through traditional thinking. When a child can draw a variety of ideas flexibly, it proves that he really understands the intention of the topic. In the long run, mathematical thinking ability and innovation ability can naturally be improved.
Collect wrong questions, consolidate basic knowledge and skills, and cultivate correct thinking habits.
In the process of sorting out the wrong questions, it is also a way to consolidate the correct thinking of solving problems. And we should not only collect wrong questions, but also classify them. When reviewing, you should browse the topics according to the wrong categories, which can consolidate the basic knowledge and skills and cultivate correct thinking habits. In this way, the next time you encounter the same type of questions, you can quickly recall the problem-solving ideas, bypass the error-prone points, and answer the questions smoothly.
Make good use of mathematical scenes in life and exercise children's mathematical practice ability.
Parents should encourage their children to solve practical difficulties in life with the mathematics knowledge they have learned in class and exercise their thinking ability with the mathematics in our life. Like shopping, do you have enough money to buy everything on the wish list? How to buy, how to match the most cost-effective? For example, traveling outside, how to judge how long it will take to reach the destination by the number of kilometers on the road sign and the number on the odometer, and so on. This helps children accumulate experience in activities.
The number sense planet is a good helper for mathematical thinking training specially built for children in primary school. It combines rigorous mathematical knowledge with interesting games, constructs a multi-dimensional space for children to explore mathematical problems, and guides children to solve problems step by step, thus deeply understanding abstract mathematical principles and laying a solid foundation for mathematics learning.