Questionnaire design is to concretize the questions to be investigated according to the purpose and requirements of the investigation, so that researchers can successfully obtain the necessary information for statistical analysis.
Second, the types of questionnaires
1. divided by the answer to the question
constitutional formula
open
Semi-structured
2. According to the survey method.
Self-administered questionnaire
Interview questionnaire
Thirdly, the general structure of the questionnaire includes cover letter, introduction, question and answer, coding and so on.
1, cover letter (or brief introduction): The purpose is to introduce and explain the purpose and significance of the questionnaire survey, and the identity of the survey sponsor or investigator. For some questionnaires involving sensitive issues, it is necessary to emphasize the data confidentiality measures and basic sampling methods to the respondents. The language of the cover letter should be concise, and the length should be small rather than large, generally 200~300 words. The contents should include: explaining the investigation organization, explaining the purpose and importance of the research, explaining why the respondents' opinions are worthy of attention, briefly introducing the survey samples and how to sample them, and explaining the confidentiality of the respondents' answers. Help explain and return the time when in doubt. Content and style of cover letter (by mail):
Note: Enclosed letter (WWH Three Principles)
First, the identity of the investigator (WHO) should be stated.
Secondly, it is necessary to explain the general content of the survey and the purpose (why) of this survey;
Finally, it should explain the selection method of the survey object and how to keep the survey results confidential.
For example: * * Sir/Madam: Hello! We are the journalism and communication department of Chang 'an University. In order to know your opinions and suggestions on Xi Evening News, we will conduct a questionnaire survey throughout the city. After strict sampling procedures, we selected 800 readers of Xi Evening News as the survey samples in the whole city, and you are one of them. Therefore, we need your help and cooperation to fill in this questionnaire, so that our survey can truly reflect the opinions of all readers. Please put the completed questionnaire in the enclosed reply envelope and send it back to us within one week. If you have any questions, please call * * * * *. Thank you for your cooperation! I wish you the best of health! Wish you a happy life!
2. Instruction: also called instruction. Various explanations and explanations used to guide respondents to fill in the questionnaire. Its function is similar to the instruction manual of the instrument. For example, "Please circle (or tick) the appropriate answer number according to your actual situation or fill it directly in the blank".
Instructions for filling in the form
Please circle the answer number of each question according to your own situation, or fill in the appropriate content in the blank;
Unless otherwise specified, only one answer can be selected for each question;
The figures and horizontal lines on the far right of the questionnaire are for computer use and need not be filled in.
Please don't discuss with others when filling out the questionnaire;
3 question and answer: question and answer is the main part of the questionnaire. From the form of answers, there are open questions and closed questions.
The main advantages of open-ended questions are: respondents can fully and freely express their views and opinions, and the information obtained is vivid and rich; It can also be used in exploratory research to help researchers collect answers to closed questions. Disadvantages: This method requires the interviewee's knowledge level and written expression ability, and the access time is not easy to control.
Advantages of closed answer: easy to fill in and answer, unified answer, and easy to operate statistics. Disadvantages: The answers are all summed up by the researchers themselves, so the data obtained will miss some major or special questions. In addition, a unified answer can easily make respondents lose the spontaneity and expressiveness of thinking.
Pay attention to the following points when designing problems:
The language of the question should be as simple as possible, and don't use complicated and abstract concepts and technical terms.
The statement of the question should be as short and clear as possible so that the respondent can see it at a glance.
Asking questions should avoid double meanings, one is that the understanding is obviously different, and the other is that the same question asks two things.
Questions should not be biased.
Don't ask questions in negative form.
Don't ask questions that the respondent doesn't know.
Don't ask sensitive questions directly.