The poem "Mid-Autumn Festival" related to the Dragon Boat Festival, Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival (Tang) Li Puhao's spirit ascended to heaven, and the clouds were silent; A full round, accompanied by Wan Liyun; The sly rabbit falls the string, and the demon frog rests in front of him; Lingcha plans to go hand in hand until the Milky Way is completely clear. "Playing the Moon on August 15th" (Tang) Liu Yuxi will wash the world again tonight. Go to Qiu Lai in summer. The stars are shining and the breeze is bright. What can change the human world is Yujing in You Ran. On May 5 (May), Qu Jia died, and the Chu people could not bear it. Why not slander, but want to be a dragon? Hate before death, not after death. Yuan Xiang Bi Tan Shui wants to see the striker. Striving for the Dragon Boat Festival (Zhang Lei) has been deeply saddened for thousands of years, and the loyal soul has gone and returned. The country died today, leaving only Li Sao in the world. Xie Xin 'en Tang * Li Yu Ran Ran Qiu Guang cannot stay, and the red leaves are full of dusk. It's the Double Ninth Festival again, and the Taiwan Province Pavilion is on its way. Cornus officinalis is fragrant, purple and chrysanthemum, floating in the courtyard, and rainy at night in the smoke cage. Brave and brave, new face and cold throat, hate his age. He is similar to Tian Jia Yuanri (Tang). Meng Haoran called back to the north last night and set out from the east today. I'm already strong, and I'm worried about agriculture without money. Mulberry field cultivates father, lotus hoe follows shepherd boy; The farmers predicted this year's harvest and said it would be a good year. The relevant couplets are immersed in reform, and the old look is changed into a new look (traditional festival). In Chongyang Garden, laughter is laughing, and laughter is drifting away. People hide in the Star Bridge (a traditional festival). Yuanxiao Garden, the first cold of the month (traditional festival). On the day when the Lantern Festival pillow returns from sunset, when you are in front of the window, stay away from the sky (custom). On New Year's Eve, Sun Moon Lake is full of spring scenery (a traditional festival). On Qingming Festival, the wind blows green willows, and when it rains, spring seedlings like to see three spring flowers and thousands of trees, laugh and drink a glass of harvest wine (Spring Festival). In the first half of the year, bright lights accompanied by autumn moon. At noon, the sun shone brightly on May 5th, and on September 9th, it was the Double Ninth Festival in Duanyang (Dragon Boat Festival). Ju Xiang was drunk to Qiushan. Every festive season, China is full of laughter and laughter. (Mid-Autumn Festival) Lantern Festival couplets: a song like the sea; Thousands of lights are on at night like years. A curtain of weeping willows at the spring gate; Lotus is in full bloom with pearls. Jiuhua lanterns and torches hang in the clouds; Multicolored Aoshan moves the sea. Three-star bridge connected with the moon; Thousands of lights are shining in the sky. At the three thousand world music festival; Twelve capital cities are brilliant. Thousands of spring lanterns report the night; A snowy day indicates a good year. Ten thousand households play string songs; Fireworks are everywhere in spring. Wan Li Yang Hechun has feet; A year is a month. Thousands of lights are the same as autumn moon; The earth is bright and never sleeps. Wan Li Heshan Store is brilliant; The wind music in the city is peaceful. Let the bright night shine in time; Swimming with things in the sky. It is a traditional folk custom in China to welcome the New Year during the Spring Festival. It is a way for people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and express their best wishes to each other. In ancient times, the original meaning of the word "Happy New Year" was to pay New Year greetings to the elderly, including kowtowing to the elderly, congratulating them on a happy New Year and greeting their lives. In case of friends and relatives of the same generation, you should also salute and congratulate. New Year greetings usually begin at home. On the morning of the first day, after getting up, the younger generation should first pay a New Year call to their elders, wishing them a long and healthy life and all the best. After the elders worship, they should distribute the "lucky money" prepared in advance to the younger generation. After paying New Year greetings to the elders at home, people should greet each other with smiles when they go out to meet, and exchange auspicious words such as "Congratulations on getting rich", "Best wishes in the four seasons" and "Happy New Year". Neighbors or relatives and friends also pay New Year greetings to each other or treat them to drinks and entertainment. In the sixth volume of Chinese Dream in Tokyo, the veteran Meng described the time of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty and said, "On October 1st, the Kaifeng government was opened for three days, and scholars celebrated each other early." In the mid-Ming Dynasty, Lu Rong said in Volume V of Miscellaneous Notes on Gardens: "On New Year's Day in the capital, people who travel to Shu Ren for several days from court officials are called' New Year greetings'. However, Shu Ren worships his relatives and friends. " When dealing with North Korean officials, they are more caring than experts ... "... Gu Tieqing, a native, described in Lu:" Men and women pay homage to their parents, and the Lord leads them to humble their children, or stop sending their children congratulations, which is called' New Year greetings'. "Even people who don't meet for life, at this time, they also say goodbye to each other at the door ..." In ancient times, it was difficult to walk around the whole house if there were too many relatives and friends in the neighborhood. It's called "flying mail", and let the servant take the business card to pay a New Year call. There is a red paper bag in front of every house with the word "Fu Jie" written on it, which is the purpose of airmail. This custom began in the upper class of the Song Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Yantai's Order of Last Month described the Beijing New Year Festival: "It's the moon, the film flies, and the car goes empty." Become fashionable. "A large family has a special" door book "to record the guests' contacts and flying photos. There are four virtual "relatives" on the front page of the door: one is a centenarian who lives in centenarian lane; One said he was rich and lived in Yuanbao Street. One is your infinite adult, living in the university archway; One day, Fu Zhao visited his master and lived in Five Blessingg Building. For good luck. So far, the gift of New Year cards and greeting cards during the Spring Festival is the legacy of this ancient exchange of flying cards. Scholars in the upper class have the custom of greeting each other with famous cards. Hui Zhou, a poet of the Song Dynasty, said in Qingbo magazine: "During the reign of Emperor Yuanyou of the Song Dynasty, people were often stabbed with servants in the name of Chinese New Year." . At that time, the scholar-officials had a wide circle of friends, and it took time and energy to pay New Year greetings everywhere. Therefore, some close friends did not go in person, but sent their servants to take a card cut with plum blossom stationery, two inches wide and three inches long, with the recipient's name, address and congratulations written on it. In the Ming dynasty, people visited instead of paying New Year's greetings. Wen Zhiming, an outstanding painter and poet in the Ming Dynasty, described this in his poem "New Year": "I don't want to meet each other, but I want to talk, and my famous articles are full; I also throw a few pieces of paper at people. The world is too simple and empty. " The "famous thorn" and "famous divination" mentioned here are the origins of today's New Year cards. New Year cards are used to connect feelings and exchange problems. On Mid-Autumn Festival, people's main activities are enjoying the moon and eating moon cakes. Appreciating the Moon in Mid-Autumn Festival has been a custom in China since ancient times. There is a record of "autumn twilight and the moon" in the Book of Rites, that is, worshipping the moon god. In the Zhou Dynasty, every Mid-Autumn Festival night, activities to welcome the cold and offer sacrifices to the moon were held. Put a big incense table with seasonal fruits such as moon cakes, watermelons, apples, plums and grapes, among which moon cakes and watermelons are absolutely indispensable. Watermelon must be cut into lotus shapes. In the Tang Dynasty, it was quite popular to enjoy and play with the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival. In the Song Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival was more popular to enjoy the moon. According to "Dream of Tokyo", "On the Mid-Autumn Festival night, your family is dressing up and the people are fighting for the restaurant to play the moon". On this day, all shops and restaurants in Beijing have to redecorate their facades, tie silk ornaments on archways and sell fresh fruits and refined foods. The night market is very lively. Many people visit The Upper Terrace, and some wealthy families enjoy the moon on their pavilions and arrange food or family dinners for their children to get together and talk about it together. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the custom of enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival remains the same. Many places have formed special customs such as burning incense, planting Mid-Autumn trees, lighting tower lanterns, putting sky lanterns, walking on the moon and dancing dragons. Eating moon cakes People in urban and rural areas of China have the custom of eating moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival. As the saying goes, "August 15th is full, and Mid-Autumn moon cakes are sweet and fragrant". Moon cakes were originally used to worship the moon god. The word "moon cake" first appeared in Liang Lumeng written by Wu in the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, it was just a cake-shaped food like Ling Hua cake. Later, people gradually combined the Mid-Autumn Festival with tasting moon cakes, which symbolized family reunion. Mooncakes were originally made at home, and the practice of mooncakes was recorded in Yuan Mei's Menu with the Garden in the Qing Dynasty. In modern times, there are workshops specializing in making moon cakes, and the production of moon cakes is becoming more and more elaborate, with exquisite fillings and beautiful appearance. There are also various exquisite designs printed on the outside of the moon cakes, such as "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon", "jathyapple of the Galaxy" and "San Tan Yin Yue". It has become the wish of people all over the world to show people's reunion with a full moon, to show people's eternal life with a round moon cake, to pin their thoughts on their relatives in their hometown and to pray for a bumper harvest and happiness. Moon cakes are also used as gifts to send to relatives and friends and to connect feelings. Other Mid-Autumn Festival Customs China has a vast territory, a large population and different customs. The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated in a variety of ways, with strong local characteristics. In Pucheng, Fujian, women have to cross nanpu bridge to live longer during the Mid-Autumn Festival. In Jianning, hanging lanterns on Mid-Autumn Festival night is a good omen to ask the Moon Palace for children. People in Shanghang County celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, and most of their children are invited to visit their parents when they are in Yue Bai. When Longyan people eat moon cakes, their parents will dig out round cakes with a diameter of two or three inches in the middle for their elders to eat, which means that they can't tell the secret to the younger generation. This custom stems from the legend that moon cakes contain the message of anti-meta-killing. Before the Mid-Autumn Festival in Kinmen, Yue Bai should worship God. There is a custom of Mid-Autumn Festival Yue Bai in Chaoshan, Guangdong, which is mainly aimed at women and children. As the saying goes, "men are dissatisfied with the moon, and women don't sacrifice stoves." At night, when the bright moon rises, women set up a box in the yard and balcony to pray. Silver candles burned high, cigarettes filled the air, and the table was filled with good fruits and cakes as sacrifices. There is also the custom of eating taro in the Mid-Autumn Festival. There is a saying in Chaoshan: "River to mouth, taro to eat." August is the harvest season of taro, and farmers are used to using taro to worship their ancestors. Of course, this has something to do with farming, but there is also a popular folk legend: 1279, Mongolian nobles destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty, established the Yuan Dynasty, and brutally ruled the Han people. Mafa defended Chaozhou against the Yuan Dynasty. After the city was broken, the people were slaughtered. In order not to forget the suffering of Hu people's rule, later generations used taro as a homonym with "Hu tou", which looked like a human head, in order to pay homage to their ancestors and pass it on from generation to generation, and it still exists today. Burning towers on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival is also very popular in some places. The height of the tower varies from 1-3 meters, mostly made of broken tiles. The tower is also made of bricks, accounting for about 1/4 of the tower height, and then stacked with tiles, leaving a tower mouth at the top for fuel transportation. On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, it will be lit and burned. The fuel is wood, bamboo, chaff, etc. When the fire is booming, rosin powder will be poured to cheer, which is very spectacular. There are also folk rules for burning stupas. Whoever burns the stupa to the whole house wins, and those who fail or collapse in the burning process lose. The winner will be presented with colorful flags, bonuses or prizes by the host. It is said that burning towers is also the origin of Han people's resistance to cruel rulers and Mid-Autumn Uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, the folk customs in Jiangnan are also varied. Nanjing people love to eat moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival, so they must eat osmanthus duck, a famous Jinling dish. "Sweet-scented osmanthus duck" should be listed in Gui Xiang. It is fat but not greasy and delicious. After drinking, you must eat a small piece of sugar taro and pour cinnamon pulp on it. Beauty speaks for itself. "Guijiang" was named after Qu Yuan's "Helping the North to close its doors and drink Guijiang" in Chu Ci Shao Si Ming. Cinnamon pulp is a kind of sweet-scented osmanthus, which is picked around the Mid-Autumn Festival and pickled with sugar and sour plum. Jiangnan women are good at turning poems and songs into delicacies on the table. People in Nanjing enjoy the moon with their families, which is called "celebrating reunion", the group sitting and drinking is called "full moon", and the market trip is called "walking on the moon". At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there were Moon Tower and Moon Bridge in Nanjing. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a moon-watching building under Lion Mountain, all of which were for people to enjoy the moon, and most people played the Moon Bridge. When the bright moon is high, people climb the Moon Tower, play the Moon Bridge and enjoy the Jade Rabbit together. "Xiyue Bridge" is located in the Confucius Temple on Qinhuai River, next to the mansion of Ma Xianglan, a famous prostitute. On this night, the literati gathered on the bridge to play the flute, sing songs and reminisce about Niuzhu playing with the moon and writing poems for the moon, so it was called playing with the moon bridge. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, it gradually declined. Later generations have a poem saying: "The romantic Southern Song Dynasty has been exhausted, leaving the west wind to be a long Banqiao, but remember to take the Yuren Bridge and teach the flute under the moon." Longbanqiao, the original Moon Bridge. In recent years, the Confucius Temple in Nanjing has been renovated, some pavilions and pavilions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties have been restored, and the rivers have been dredged. Until the Mid-Autumn Festival, you can enjoy playing with the moon together. In Wuxi County, Jiangsu Province, incense is burned on Mid-Autumn Festival night. There are silks around the incense barrel, which depicts the scenery in the Moon Palace. There are incense sticks made of thread Kaori with paper kuixing and colorful flags on them. Shanghainese Mid-Autumn Festival Banquet with Sweet-scented osmanthus honey wine. On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival in Ji 'an County, Jiangxi Province, every village burns crocks with straw. When the crock is red, put the vinegar in it. At this time, the whole village will smell a fragrance. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in Xincheng County, grass lanterns are hung from the evening of August 1 1 to August 17. Children build a hollow pagoda with bricks during the Mid-Autumn Festival in Wuyuan County, Anhui Province. Curtains, plaques and other decorations are hung on the tower, and a table is placed in front of the tower, displaying various utensils to worship the "tower god". At night, lights and candles are lit inside and out. Children in Jixi Mid-Autumn Festival play Mid-Autumn firecrackers. Mid-Autumn Festival firecrackers are braided with straw, picked up and smashed stones after soaking, making a loud noise, which is a custom in Youlong. A fire dragon is a dragon made of grass with incense in it. When you visit the dragon, there are gongs and drums teams. They tour the village before being sent to the river. In Sichuan province, in addition to eating moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival, people also eat cakes, ducks, sesame cakes and honey cakes. In some places, orange lanterns are also lit and hung at the door to celebrate. There are also children who burn incense on grapefruit and dance along the street, which is called "dancing meteor ball" Jiading County's Mid-Autumn Festival is called "Guanyin Club" for offering sacrifices to land gods and performing zaju, vocal music and cultural relics. In the north, farmers in Qingyun County, Shandong Province offered sacrifices to the god of land valley on August 15, which is called "Young Miao Society". Zhucheng, Linyi, Jimo and other places have to pay homage to their ancestors in addition to the moon. Landlords in guanxian, Laiyang, Guangrao and Postal City also entertain their tenants in the Mid-Autumn Festival. Jimo Mid-Autumn Festival eats a kind of holiday food called "Wheat Arrow". Banquet for son-in-law at Mid-Autumn Festival in Lu 'an, Shanxi. Datong county calls moon cakes reunion cakes, and it is a custom to keep vigil on Mid-Autumn Festival night. Wanquan County, Hebei Province called the Mid-Autumn Festival "Little New Year's Day", and there were pictures of Xing Jun and Guan Di reading the Spring and Autumn Festival at night on moonlight paper. Hejian county people think that the rain in Mid-Autumn Festival is bitter rain. If it rains in the Mid-Autumn Festival, the local people think that vegetables must be terrible. On the Mid-Autumn Festival night in Xixiang County, Shaanxi Province, men row boats and climb cliffs, while women set up banquets. No matter rich or poor, people should eat watermelons. On Mid-Autumn Festival, drummers blow drums along the door to ask for money. In Luochuan county, parents lead students to bring gifts to their husbands, and there are more lunches than school dinners. Some places have also formed many special Mid-Autumn Festival customs. In addition to enjoying the moon, offering sacrifices to the moon and eating moon cakes, there are Hong Kong Dragon Dancing, Wan Buddha Pagoda, Sui Mid-Autumn Festival, Jinjiang Burning Pagoda, Suzhou Shihu Moon Watching, Dai Yue Bai, Miao Yuetiao, Dong people stealing moon dishes and Gaoshan people holding the ball, commonly known as "Dragon Boat Festival". "Five" is connected with "noon", and "five" is also a positive number, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also called Dragon Boat Festival, Chongwu, Duanyang and Zhongtian. This is a traditional festival of Han nationality in China. The necessary activities of this day gradually evolved into: eating zongzi, dragon boat racing, hanging calamus and mugwort leaves, smoking Atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, and drinking realgar wine. It is said that eating zongzi and dragon boat racing is to commemorate Qu Yuan, so after liberation, the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Poet's Day" to commemorate Qu Yuan. As for hanging calamus, wormwood leaves, smoked atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, drinking realgar wine is said to suppress evil spirits. Although the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated every year, its origin is not very clear. To sum up, there are roughly the following statements. One of the origins of Dragon Boat Festival: in memory of Qu Yuan. This theory originated from the records of "Continuation of Qi and Harmony" by Wu Jun of Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty and "Chronicle of Jingchu" in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. It is said that Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of May. Trapped by mosquitoes and dragons after death, the world mourned. Every day, he throws five-color silk zongzi into the water to drive away the dragon. It is also said that after Qu Yuan threw himself into the river, the local people immediately rowed to rescue him, and all the way to Dongting Lake, but Qu Yuan's body was not found. It was raining at that time, and the boats on the lake gathered at the pavilion on the shore. When people learned that it was to salvage the sage Dr. Qu, they went out in the rain and rushed into the vast Dongting Lake. In order to mourn, people rowed on the river, and later it gradually developed into a dragon boat race. Eating zongzi and racing dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival seems to be related to commemorating Qu Yuan, as evidenced by Wen Xiu's poem Dragon Boat Festival in the Tang Dynasty. "The festival is divided into Dragon Boat Festival, and it is widely rumored that it is Qu Yuan through the ages. It is ridiculous that the Chu River is empty and cannot be washed directly. " What is the origin of Dragon Boat Festival? River? Is turbulence 4 party far away? What happened? Bath? Four baths? Shout at? ┒? Le? Hey? The scar of turmoil? Gallery tax Ф? Letv unloaded the Song Dynasty? The third origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival. This statement comes from Wen Yiduo's Dragon Boat Festival Examination and Dragon Boat Festival History Education. He believed that the fifth day of May was the day when the "Dragon" tribe in ancient wuyue held totem worship for their ancestors. The main reasons are as follows: (1) Eating zongzi and dragon boat racing are the two most important activities of the Dragon Boat Festival, both of which are related to dragons. Zongzi thrown into the water is often stolen by dragons, and dragon boat races. (2) The relationship between race crossing and ancient wuyue is particularly deep. Besides, Wuyue people have the custom of tattooing constantly to look like a dragon. (3) The ancient folk custom of "tying the arm with colored silk" on the fifth day of May should be a relic of the tattoo custom of "Like a dragon". The fourth origin of Dragon Boat Festival: Bad Day Theory. According to Historical Records, Tian Wensheng of Meng Changjun was born on the fifth day of May. His father once told his mother to abandon Tian Wen on the grounds that the child born on this day would kill his father. There is also a saying in "Yi Tong Customs" in the Eastern Han Dynasty that "having a baby on May 5th, the male harms the father and the female harms the mother". Wang Zhene, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was born on the fifth day of May. His grandfather named him "Zhen Xie". Zhao Ju, from Song Huizong, was born on the fifth day of May, and was fostered outside the palace since childhood. It can be seen that it is a common phenomenon to regard the fifth day of May as an evil day in ancient times. In this way, it is logical to insert calamus and mugwort leaves to exorcise ghosts, smoke atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica and drink realgar wine to avoid the epidemic on this day. The fifth origin of Dragon Boat Festival: summer solstice theory. Liu Deqian, who holds this view, put forward three main reasons in The Origin of Dragon Boat Festival and Interesting Talk about Traditional Festivals in China: (1) The authoritative book The Story of Jingchu Sui did not mention the festival custom of eating zongzi on the fifth day of May, but was written on the solstice in summer. As for the race, Du Taiqing's Jade Candle Collection in Sui Dynasty listed it as an entertainment activity from summer to the sun, which shows that it is not necessarily to salvage Qu Yuan, a great poet who threw himself into the river. (2) Some contents in the custom of Dragon Boat Festival, such as "stepping on a hundred herbs", "fighting a hundred herbs" and "picking herbs", have nothing to do with Qu Yuan. (3) The first explanation of the Dragon Boat Festival in the famous book Year after Year is: "The sun is shining and it is in midsummer." In other words, Dragon Boat Festival is in summer, so it can also be called Mid-Autumn Festival. From this point of view, the earliest origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is the summer solstice. There are many theories about the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, and the theory of commemorating Qu Yuan is the most influential. Because of Qu Yuan's great personality and superb poetic skills, people are willing to attribute this anniversary to him. Yue Bai, Miao people's jumping on the moon, Dong people's stealing moon dishes, Gaoshan people's holding ball dance, etc.