Based on the theory of good nature, Froebel regards the adaptation of education to nature as the basic point and center of children's education. The idea that education conforms to nature runs through his educational thought. "Nature" mainly includes two meanings: on the one hand, it refers to nature; On the other hand, it refers to the child's nature, that is, physical and psychological characteristics. When discussing the adaptation of education to nature, nature mainly refers to the latter.
2. Children's "automatic" development thinking
The so-called "automatic" development refers to the process in which individuals use the power of self-motivation to make internal performance external and external performance internal.
Accordingly, Froebel divides the educational age range of people into two main development periods: infancy and adolescence. Children in early childhood show their understanding of things through activities, which is a period when internal things become external things. Adolescence is mainly a period of learning. In this period, children receive external stimuli and absorb knowledge through various senses, which is a period of transforming foreign objects into internal objects. People's "automatic" development is realized through these two stages.
3. Homework teaching and kindness teaching
Homework is a form of educational activities determined by Froebel for kindergartens. Froebel designed many homework suitable for children, mainly including painting, papermaking, puzzles made of sticks or circles, beads, embroidery and so on. And some labor activities, such as initial self-service and taking care of plants, and opened up a labor garden to organize children to grow. A preliminary training tool for understanding nature.
4. Game Theory Froebel emphasized the educational value of games. He was the first person to demonstrate the function and value of games. Froebel promoted the educational value of games to an unprecedented position. In his view, "all kinds of games in early childhood are the germ of all future life, because the purest quality and inner thoughts of the whole person are developed and expressed in games." A person's whole life in the future is rooted in this stage of life until the moment when he is about to leave this world again. "
Extended data:
Principle of self-activity: coach children's own activities, let children decide their own actions, let adults not interfere, let children know themselves and their own abilities, coach children to practice themselves, and stimulate their potential strength through their own actions and work.
Principle of sustainable development: Foucault's basic theory of "human nature education" has discussed the phrase "sustainable development", and human growth is sustainable development. Rousseau advocated that "education and ideas should start at the same time" in Emile.
Froebel believes that the development of human life is continuous at one point, and all stages of human development, such as infants, young children, children, adolescents, adults and the elderly, are continuous and interrelated internally. Froebel once criticized ordinary parents, saying that some parents require adolescent children to be like young people in all aspects.
Froebel especially hopes that parents will not make such wrong demands on their children. The development of life is continuous, and such demand will hinder their future development. Froebel once emphasized that normal children should not receive special education from an early age.
Froebel's view of babies is that they are not only members of the family, but also members of the whole nation and all mankind. Therefore, the growth and development of babies can be observed through the inevitable combination of the present, past and future of human development.
Froebel said in his basic theory: "Children's education can be combined, coordinated and consistent with the present, past and future requirements of human development, which is the relationship between man and God, nature and man, and God's nature and man. There is unity, individuality and diversity in itself. "
On the basis of human nature education, Froebel emphasized the germination of religious thought and morality. Foucault said that children's early feelings, especially children's smiles, are the initial expression of common feelings. This kind of social affection is based on the spirit of parents, brothers and sisters, that is to say, common affection is the initial germination and origin of real religious heart, which is cultivated by mother.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Friedrich Wilhelm August Fr?bel