1. What is sign language?
Sign language is one of the tools for deaf people to express their thoughts and communicate with each other. It is one of the tools for special education teachers to teach deaf people. Sign language is the language of the deaf, and it is also a communication tool for the deaf. As a language, it has been gradually accepted by people. Sign language is produced by the needs of deaf people's communication, and the needs of deaf people's communication are the internal reasons for the emergence and development of sign language.
Sign language is a communication tool that uses the fingers, movements, position and orientation of the hand to express specific meanings according to certain grammatical rules in the deaf environment. Different from spoken language, sign language is an intuitive language with form and no sound. Sign language can be used as the first language naturally acquired by deaf people to communicate with them, and it can also be used as the second language or foreign language acquired by deaf people and hearing-impaired people after learning a language. Sign language is an important tool for deaf-mute communication, and it is a sign system combining form (hand shape, position, movement) and meaning.
Second, the definition
Chinese sign language should be translated into Chinese sign language. Its concepts include general reference and specific reference.
All gestures related to Chinese and minority languages used by deaf people of all ethnic groups in China are part of Chinese sign language, which is a general term. In particular, refer to the gestures included in the book Chinese Sign Language.
At present, most of the Chinese sign language we are used to saying refers to specific names, although sometimes the title of the book is omitted. Take Chinese sign language as a term corresponding to local sign language. Revision is, of course, a revision of the book. I have repeatedly stressed that the book is only a reference book for words, and it does not involve issues such as sentence expression. Therefore, it is a modification of some words in Chinese sign language, not the sentence expression of Chinese sign language, not to mention the modification of natural sign language and local sign language. Since everyone can understand that Chinese sign language refers to the book "Chinese sign language", it is generally not ambiguous not to omit the title.
3. Why do deaf people need sign language?
1, deaf people cannot do without sign language.
Deaf children have lost their hearing since childhood, that is, their main function of learning to speak. They can't learn to speak from "listening", they can only make natural sounds. When they grow up, they should also express their inner feelings and communicate with their families. Therefore, parents and deaf children consciously or unconsciously use various gestures to express the established gestures of eating, wearing, satiety, hunger, cold, heat, good and bad in life, which is a kind of helpless compensation. As the saying goes, "a dumb child knows as soon as he speaks" does not mean that the deaf can talk, but actually refers to these "enlightenment gestures" (sign language). Except for a few parents of deaf children (usually intellectual families) who insist on reading their mouths and practicing their pronunciation and speaking for deaf children (who generally have different degrees of hearing impairment), most families of deaf children cannot do without sign language.
What happens when deaf children are lucky enough to enter deaf schools? It should be said that sign language is still indispensable. In the early years, schools for the deaf in southern provinces and cities of China were generally run by deaf people, with capable teachers, mainly teaching sign language, supplemented by literacy, and trained many talents. Their gestures are generally silent, but their cultural level is not low. Several schools for the deaf in the north are run by healthy listeners who teach. Deaf children learn spoken English for two years before entering school, and then they are promoted to junior high school and senior high school. Their homework is increasing year by year, and sign language teaching is also increasing. Moreover, junior students communicate with senior brothers and sisters after school, and they can master sign language without a teacher. Because of two years' oral learning foundation, students in northern deaf-mute schools are used to using mouth gestures, but in general, they can't do without sign language. Even in the 1950s, when learning from the "Big Brother of the Soviet Union" and oral English teaching became the mainstream, students still used sign language as the main means of communication when they entered the society after graduation.
In recent years, young deaf people in China are eager to study and go abroad, and there are not a few who study in the United States for further study. Before they go to study in the United States, they should not only meet the required standards in cultural level and foreign language level, but also learn American sign language, otherwise they will not be able to follow the class. It can be seen that deaf people cannot do without sign language.
Some deaf people think that deaf people like to get together (that is, several or more deaf people get together). This statement, whether praised or belittled, is because they don't understand the characteristics of the deaf. Deaf people have difficulty communicating with healthy people because of hearing impairment. Some deaf people don't understand the difficulties of deaf people, but they find it troublesome to talk to them. Deaf people live together, and both sides feel that there is nothing to talk about, so it is not surprising that deaf people find deaf people. In pairs, they wave their hands and speak freely, which can not only relieve loneliness, but also communicate information and increase their knowledge. As early as before liberation, the deaf in Beijing had the habit of meeting in the classroom of the deaf school on Sunday. In the early days of liberation, in a big city in the south, deaf people gathered on the road to chat on weekends, which even alarmed the public security department, and it was a "joke", but it can be seen that deaf people can't live without sign language.
Some people call the deaf "sign language family", which is not too much. "Cycas bloom and the dumb talk", what a few deaf people can do, is just a distant dream for most deaf people.
2. How do deaf people look up to "people with normal hearing"?
1, listen carefully-wear a hearing aid
2. Speak clearly and fluently-replace your mouth with a pen.
3. Bilingual or multilingual (including sign language and written Chinese, plus written English)
4. Get rich knowledge and experience-communicate in sign language and read a lot.
5, master the ability to live independently (especially the experience of other deaf people to overcome hearing disability)
6. Physical and mental health
7. Good interpersonal relationship
3. A new interpretation of "standardization" in sign language family.
Deaf-mute people have abnormal pronunciation, and others have heard jokes.
It is normal for deaf people to use sign language, and it is not surprising that others have watched it for a long time.
It is not normal for deaf people not to sign language.
4. Advantages of sign language
1, intuitive image, easy to understand, always smiling.
2. Completely accepted by vision and easy to imitate.
3. Acquire knowledge and skills and transmit information quickly.
Deaf children imitate gestures very quickly. If they watch too much, they will. They can create gestures and express themselves, communicate directly with parents and others as soon as possible, and develop their intelligence as soon as possible.
5. Explaining with sign language can help deaf children read and read early.
6, the scope of application is relatively wide.
7. Sign language translation service-wider social communication and more opportunities for further study and employment.
8. Give the deaf confidence and accept the fact that they are deaf.
9. Sign language is actually the "national language" of the deaf, and we have deep "national feelings" about sign language.
What are the benefits of ordinary people learning sign language?
1. Learning sign language can make your arms and fingers beautiful;
2. Learning sign language can make your expression vivid and expressive;
3. Learn sign language to talk across the street and train windows;
4. Learning sign language can accurately convey meaning in noisy environment;
5. Learning sign language can express your thoughts in an elegant and unique way;
6. Learning sign language can help you learn simplicity;
7. Learning sign language can be discussed enthusiastically without affecting others;
8. Learning sign language is gymnastics for fitness and intelligence;
9. Learning sign language can make many deaf friends;
10. Learning sign language can make people experience different worlds;
1 1. Learning sign language can communicate with others while eating or talking on the phone;
12. Learning sign language can prevent Alzheimer's disease and prevent frostbite in winter;
13. Learning sign language can enhance a person's coordination ability, and use his brain, mouth and hands together;
14. Learning sign language can develop visual thinking ability and activate the whole brain;
15. Learning sign language can exercise your eyesight and observe carefully;
16. Sign language can be communicated in secret (don't use it in the examination room).
Limitations of verb (abbreviation of verb) sign language communication
1, the popularization is not enough.
2. Lack of sign language research (contradiction between convention and compulsory standardization)
3. There is no sign language translation qualification examination and job security.