1. In recent years, although the income of farmers has increased year by year, the trend of income expansion of urban and rural residents has not been fundamentally changed. Poor channels of increasing farmers' income and slow growth of farmers' income are still the most prominent contradictions restricting the construction of new socialist countryside. If effective measures are not taken to solve it, it will directly affect the process of building a new socialist countryside.

According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, from 65438 to 0997, the income growth of farmers in China was within 5% for seven consecutive years, showing an obvious slow pace. Not only the income growth of farmers is slow, but also the income gap between rural residents and regions is widening. In 2003, the income gap between urban and rural areas has reached 3.3: 1, but this is only a nominal gap. At present, urban residents in China enjoy various benefits and subsidies, with an annual per capita of about 3,000 yuan, which is an unattainable luxury for rural residents. If these factors are taken into account, it is estimated that the income gap between urban and rural areas may reach 4 times, 5 times or even 6 times.

2. Weak rural infrastructure. Since the Seventh Five-Year Plan, rural infrastructure conditions have been greatly improved, but there is still a big gap compared with the requirements of sustainable development of modern agriculture. Due to the general lack of financial input, it is difficult to effectively carry out projects such as farmland water conservancy reconstruction and expansion, ecological environment improvement and comprehensive agricultural development. Most agricultural infrastructure is generally aging, and the investment in new construction and transformation is seriously insufficient. The ability of agriculture to resist natural disasters and risks is weak, and the history of relying on the sky for food has not changed. Therefore, the existing agricultural infrastructure can not effectively support the sustainable development of China's agricultural economy.

3. In recent 10 years, great changes have taken place in rural areas of Guangdong Province, greatly optimizing the living and living environment. However, due to the lack of necessary planning guidance, most rural construction is chaotic, the village roads are narrow and difficult to travel, or the east is blocked by Cisse. The backward situation of "dirty, chaotic and poor" villages, dilapidated houses, inconvenient rural transportation and difficulty in drinking water needs to be solved urgently. Because there is no planning guidance, rural construction is very disorderly, farmers choose homestead at will and expand the area of homestead at will, which has induced many problems and contradictions and even produced some unstable factors.

4. The water environment in rural areas is seriously polluted, and some rivers are not only inedible, but also can't meet the requirements of farming and irrigation. Most rivers have been polluted, especially the organic pollution rate is high. In the vast rural areas, the bad habit of "dumping garbage into the water and throwing livestock into the water when they are dead" is very common, which seriously deteriorates the water quality of rural rivers.

Relevant agricultural experts believe that the low cultural quality of rural agricultural labor force not only becomes the bottleneck of increasing farmers' income, but also directly affects the development of agricultural production and the process of agricultural modernization.

There are more than 200 million primary and middle school students in China, 80% of whom are in rural areas. To improve the scientific and cultural quality of the rural population and cultivate new farmers with culture, technology and management skills, we must speed up the development of rural compulsory education, ensure that rural school-age teenagers can afford to go to school and read books, and ensure that students with financial difficulties do not drop out of school. In 2006, the central government implemented the policy of free tuition and miscellaneous fees for rural compulsory education in the western region, providing free textbooks to students from poor families and subsidizing the living expenses of boarders. In 2007, this policy will be widely implemented in rural areas throughout the country.

7. Institutional obstacles to rural development still exist. With the continuous development of rural areas, various reforms are also deepening. However, the dual structure of urban and rural areas has not been completely broken, the factors affecting rural development, such as land and capital, have not been effectively and rationally allocated, the institutional mechanism for coordinating urban and rural development has not been fully established, and the task of comprehensive rural reform and other reforms is still quite arduous.

8. The current situation of grass-roots party organizations and party member ranks is not optimistic. Rural grass-roots party organizations and party member are organizers, promoters and practitioners of building a new socialist countryside, and they are the bridge and link between the Party and the masses. However, the present situation of some rural grass-roots party organizations and party member ranks can not meet the requirements of the new situation and new tasks. First, the sense of innovation is not strong. Most rural party member cadres follow the traditional working ideas, get used to the administrative imperative working methods, and are rigid in thinking, passive in work and tired of coping. Second, the ability to lead the masses to get rich is not high. At present, some cadres in party member have low scientific, technological and cultural qualities and are at a loss about the new situation and new problems of agricultural development in the new period. They have no ability to develop the rural economy, the road to development is not wide, and there are not many working methods, so they can't cope with the people's "desire for wealth." Third, rural grass-roots party organizations are weak and lax, and cannot be the core of leading rural development; Individual villages don't even have normal office space, and they become the "three noes" branch of "no office space, no office facilities and no activity place".

Second, the reason analysis

1. In recent years, although the income of farmers has increased year by year, the trend of income expansion of urban and rural residents has not been fundamentally changed. Poor channels of increasing farmers' income and slow growth of farmers' income are still prominent contradictions that restrict the construction of new socialist countryside. Generally speaking, the current factors affecting farmers' income increase are mainly manifested in the following aspects.

(1) China's long-term implementation of the dual development strategy of urban and rural areas at the expense of agriculture to support the priority development of industry is the most fundamental reason for the excessive burden on farmers and the slow growth of income in China. According to relevant statistics, during the period from 1953 to 1985, while the unified purchase and marketing of agricultural products was abolished, there was always a "scissors gap" between agriculture and industry under the planned economy. However, after the reform and opening up, the development strategy has directly led to the huge difference in the supply of public goods between urban and rural areas. Rural areas are far behind cities in education, medical care, infrastructure, social security and many other fields. At the same time, all kinds of restrictions on farmers entering cities lead to low rural labor productivity and waste of rural labor force, which hinders farmers' income growth and increases farmers' burden.

(2) Poor quality and low price of agricultural products. At present, bulk agricultural products, such as grain, beans, fruits and vegetables, are mostly traditional road products, which have poor sales and low prices, resulting in the failure to increase agricultural production, and some even increase production and reduce income. In addition, the degree of agricultural industrialization is low, the development of agricultural products processing industry lags behind, and the industrial chain is seriously out of touch. At present, the processing rate of agricultural products in China is only 10%-20%, and most agricultural products are sold in the form of raw materials, which seriously affects the competitiveness and efficiency of agricultural products in the market.

(3) The state lacks investment in agriculture and necessary financial support. In the 1980s and 1990s, many developing countries in the world implemented protection policies for agriculture, while China still exploited agriculture. In 200 1 year, the national financial investment in agriculture was 654.38+50 million yuan. If all kinds of taxes and fees paid by farmers to the state are deducted, the actual net investment in agriculture is only 30 billion yuan. Over the years, the national fiscal revenue has increased, but from the perspective of the proportion of fiscal expenditure, the expenditure on agriculture has decreased year by year. 1978, the fiscal expenditure for supporting agriculture accounted for 13.4% of the total fiscal expenditure, and fell to 10% in 190, and to 8% in 2006.

(4) Farmers have a heavy burden. On the one hand, township governments are "small but comprehensive", and in order to make up for the financial gap, they transfer various expenditures to farmers, and arbitrary charges are repeatedly prohibited; On the other hand, with the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standards, farmers spend more and more on building houses, getting married, sending their children to school, and interacting with people, and the expenditure has increased significantly.

2. Insufficient investment in rural infrastructure leads to the fragility of rural infrastructure. First, the source of capital investment is insufficient. Although the state and local governments invest a lot of money in rural infrastructure construction every year, it is far from enough compared with the requirements of rural economic development for infrastructure. Second, the market-oriented operation of infrastructure is insufficient. The management of rural infrastructure mainly focuses on the physical management of facilities, and the existing facilities have not formed a market-oriented business model of assets, which is basically free service, free supply and free consumption. In this way, the more supply, the greater the demand gap, and the more difficult it is to expand reproduction. Third, the supporting capacity of infrastructure has declined. Agricultural infrastructure has been in disrepair for many years, with aging functions and incomplete supporting facilities. At the same time, due to the reform of taxes and fees, the complete exemption of agricultural taxes and the lack of maintenance funds, some facilities can not play their normal role, some are semi-paralyzed, or the use efficiency is not high. Fourth, infrastructure construction lags behind the level of economic development. In the past, in infrastructure construction, due to the lack of unified scientific planning and strong measures to ensure that the design was not advanced and the synchronous development was not realized, agricultural infrastructure construction was far from meeting the existing level of economic development, and it was incompatible with agricultural development in terms of stock and increment, which was manifested in the small scale of facilities construction projects and few key projects.

3. After the central government put forward the idea of building a new socialist countryside, all localities have put it into action. However, in some places, the new rural construction is simply understood as "new village construction", and more energy is spent on the rectification of "village appearance". Some are divorced from their own reality, or build flashy squares, or "peasant villas", or "boutique communities" like cities, while ignoring other aspects of work. All these reflect that there are still misunderstandings about the construction of new countryside.

The construction of new countryside needs planning first, but at present, there are often problems such as low quality and difficult implementation, which restrict the development pace of new countryside construction. The main reason is that there are some obstacles in understanding, work and economic conditions. It is urgent to do a good job in the layout of villages and towns and the planning of villages in accordance with the direction of coordinating urban and rural areas and benefiting farmers.

4. The deterioration of rural environment is the result of many factors, and careful analysis mainly includes the following aspects:

(1) The awareness of environmental protection is weak and the degree of attention is not enough. Weak awareness of environmental protection and lack of Scientific Outlook on Development are the root causes of pollution. First, some local leaders did not establish a correct view of political achievements, unilaterally pursued economic benefits and political achievements, did not give priority to the environment and ecology in the process of attracting investment, and did not really implement Scientific Outlook on Development in specific work. When dealing with the relationship between the environment and the economy, the immediate and local interests are unilaterally emphasized, so that when making decisions, we seek temporary economic growth at the expense of the environment and take the detour of "pollution first, then governance". Second, a considerable number of enterprises do not have strong environmental protection and legal concepts. Driven by interests, they treat pollution prevention negatively, and some even idle pollution treatment facilities to engage in illegal emissions.

(2) The township environmental protection force is weak, and it is difficult to adapt to the needs of the situation. Due to the lack of publicity and education on rural environmental protection, people's awareness of environmental protection is not strong enough. Many people often report or complain about environmental violations involving their own interests, but they lack self-discipline for their own actions that destroy or affect the environment.

(3) Insufficient investment in environmental protection. At present, the serious shortage of investment in environmental protection is still a common problem everywhere. Insufficient investment in environmental protection leads to the backwardness of environmental protection infrastructure construction, which makes it difficult to keep up with the needs of the situation, the backwardness of environmental protection institutions and the lack of effective means to solve environmental pollution problems.

(4) It is difficult to formulate and implement environmental planning. Whether it is rural urbanization or rural economic development, there is a lack of scientific and systematic environmental protection planning and environmental factors are not fully considered. The urban development layout and industrial structure are unreasonable, and some small workshops and township enterprises bloom everywhere, resulting in waste of agricultural resources and serious environmental pollution.

(5) The backward production and living habits of farmers. For a long time, rural production technology is backward, information resources are scarce, and scientific and cultural quality is not high. Farmers have developed many bad production and living habits that pollute the environment and destroy the ecology. For example, scientific farming lacks guidance and chemical fertilizers and pesticides are abused; Poor sanitation, littering everywhere. This weak and backward environmental awareness is deeply rooted among farmers, resulting in a huge pollution body, so pollution is very common and it is difficult to eradicate.

5. The low overall quality of rural labor force not only restricts the development of rural economy, but also affects the process of building a well-off society in rural areas to some extent. The reasons for the low overall quality of rural labor force are complicated, both historical and realistic; Influenced by farmers' subjective factors and restricted by realistic objective conditions, it can be summarized as follows:

(1) The low level of education of farmers themselves leads to the low level of education of farmers. Due to the influence of economy, geography, humanities, tradition and other factors, the education level of farmers in China is far lower than that of urban residents. According to the data of the 2000 population census, the rural labor force in China has only 6.79 years of education, and the rural labor force with less than primary school education is as high as 54. 17%.

(2) In recent years, the speed of rural labor transfer has accelerated, which has led to changes in the structure of rural agricultural labor. Due to the obvious income gap between urban and rural areas, most young and male laborers with knowledge, ability and prime of life in rural areas go out to work and earn wage income. Even if some highly educated laborers stay in rural areas, they mostly work in agricultural circulation, processing and other fields, resulting in middle-aged and elderly people who are directly engaged in seed and aquaculture production, with low education level.

(3) The education and training resources are insufficient and the training system is not perfect. At present, there are almost no preconditions for the cultural quality of the labor force engaged in rural farming, let alone vocational training for farmers with a large number of farmers. In most cases, the channel for farmers to accept agricultural technology comes from the "demonstration households" of their neighbors.

6. At present, China's rural social undertakings are lagging behind, the basic medical and health foundation is weak, the conditions for running compulsory education need to be improved, and the rural social security system needs to be improved. The main reasons for these problems include: first, the ideological concept is relatively backward, and the phenomenon of "emphasizing economy over society" and ignoring the development of rural social undertakings still exists to varying degrees; Second, the allocation of social resources is unreasonable, regional overall planning is difficult to implement, and there is a big gap between urban and rural areas in health and education; Third, the investment in rural social undertakings is seriously insufficient, and the financing channel is single, which restricts the process of infrastructure construction of rural social undertakings.

7. With the continuous development of rural areas, various reforms are also deepening. However, the dual structure of urban and rural areas has not been completely broken, the factors affecting rural development, such as land and capital, have not been effectively and rationally allocated, and the institutional mechanism for coordinating urban and rural development has not been fully established. The task of comprehensive rural reform and other reforms is still quite arduous.

8. Careful analysis of the problems existing in rural grass-roots party organizations, found that there are three reasons:

(1) party member's ruling consciousness is weak, and * * * party member's awareness of setting an example is not enough. At the same time, some cadres of grass-roots party organizations are divorced from the masses and have serious bureaucratic ideas. Faced with the new situation and new problems in the current new rural construction, they are at a loss, unable to effectively implement the party's basic line and can't keep up with the pace of new rural construction.

(2) The ranks of grassroots party organizations in party member are aging, and there are generally fewer young cadres and young party member in their prime. In addition, the existing training methods in party member can no longer meet the needs of social development, which also causes the quality of grassroots party member cadres to lag behind the requirements of the times.

(3) Due to household contract and decentralized management of farmers, it is difficult for village-level party organizations to lead the construction of new countryside. After the household contract responsibility system and the abolition of agricultural tax, the economic chain between rural grass-roots party organizations and scattered families is broken, the economic relationship is weakened, the economic resources mastered by rural party branches are greatly reduced, and public utilities cannot operate, which greatly weakens the villagers' economic dependence on village-level party organizations and loses the support of economic resources on which to play their role, which objectively makes it difficult for village-level party organizations to play their core role, leading to weakened cohesion and enhanced centrifugal force.

Three. Countermeasures and measures

1. Broaden the channels for increasing farmers' income, actively explore the establishment of a long-term mechanism for increasing farmers' income continuously, and do everything possible to increase farmers' income.

(1) Continue to increase the transfer of rural surplus labor. The employment of rural surplus labor force in cities is the main channel for farmers to increase their income. (2) Vigorously implement the strategy of developing agriculture through science and education. (3) Actively encourage migrant workers to return home to start businesses and farmers to start their own businesses. (4) improve the development environment and effectively reduce the burden on farmers.

2. Accelerate the construction of rural infrastructure and improve the level of rural economic development.

(1) Change the concept and establish the consciousness of giving priority to rural infrastructure construction. (2) Increase investment in rural infrastructure construction and take the road of diversification of investment subjects. (3) Strengthen rural infrastructure construction and improve the material conditions for building a new socialist countryside. First, vigorously strengthen the capital construction of farmland water conservancy.

3. According to local conditions, scientifically plan the construction of new countryside

(1) New rural construction is by no means a simple "new village construction". (2) Solve the contradiction between new village construction and "hollow village".

4. Vigorously protect the environment and realize the harmonious development between man and the environment.

(1) Strengthen leadership and organization, and establish and improve a long-term management mechanism for rural environmental protection and a cadre assessment mechanism. (2) Strengthen capital investment and policy support for rural environmental protection. (3) Strengthen the comprehensive management and improvement of rural environment. (4) Strengthen the planning, management, protection and rational utilization of resources, adhere to both rational development and conservation, and enhance the ability of resources to ensure sustainable economic and social development. (5) Publicize the awareness of environmental protection extensively, and form a joint force to participate in rural environmental protection work.

5. Strengthen training and education to improve the comprehensive quality of farmers.

(1) Increase investment in developing rural education. (2) Establish and improve farmers' skills training system. (3) Strengthening ideological and moral construction and cultural construction in rural areas.

6. Promote the development of rural social undertakings.

(1) Strengthen rural public health and basic medical care. (2) Increase investment in rural cultural construction and build a rural public cultural service system. (3) Improve the level of rural social security.

7. Actively and steadily promote rural reform to provide a strong impetus for the construction of new countryside. (1) Coordinating urban and rural development. (2) Deepen the reform of rural land use right system. (3) Deepening the reform of rural financial system.

8. Strengthen the construction of rural grassroots organizations and give full play to the vanguard and exemplary role of rural grassroots party organizations and party member cadres in building a new socialist countryside. (1) Strengthen the construction of rural grassroots leading bodies and cadres, and strive to improve the quality of rural grassroots cadres. (2) Actively promote the innovation of rural grass-roots organizations. (3) Strengthen the construction of rural grassroots democracy and actively promote the openness of party affairs.