I. Multiple choice questions
1. Bloom's mastery learning theory holds that only by successfully completing () the teaching evaluation project can we enter a new learning unit.
A: 50%~60%
B.60%~70%
About 70%~80%
D.80%~90%
2. The theory of moral development stage was first put forward by ().
A. Watson
B. Pavlov
C. Piaget
D. Skinner
3. According to Gagne's skill classification, will the active sentence? The wind blew down the tree? Change it into a passive sentence? The tree was blown down by the wind? Belongs to ().
A. Motor skills
B. intellectual skills
C. Cognitive strategies
D. Operational skills
A person's intellectual age is 10 years old, but his actual age is 8 years old. This person's specific IQ is ().
A: 80
b90
C. 100
D. 125
5. The following are non-intellectual factors ().
A. Memory
B. willpower
C. Thinking ability
D. attention
6. People's health should not only have a healthy body, but also have ().
A. A healthy personality
B. Healthy habits
C. Health psychology
D. Healthy living
7. The object of mental health education is ().
A. Subject students
B. Normal students
C. Abnormal students
D. Students with severe mental illness
8. To play ball, swimming and other motor skills as the content of memory belongs to ().
A. Image memory
B. Emotional memory
C. Motor memory
D. Logical memory of words
9. Do you understand? Fruit? This concept, after learning the concepts of apples and pears, belongs to ().
A. Parallel and combined learning
B. Dependent learning
C. Upper learning
D. Strengthen learning
10. Among the following learning strategies, the one that belongs to the fine processing strategy is ().
A. Homophonic association method
B. Decentralized review
C. Multi-sensory participation
D. draw the system structure diagram.
1 1. The core of creative thinking is ().
A. Distracted thinking
B. Thinking in images
C. Logical thinking
D. abstract thinking
12. () propose? Student-centered? The teacher is just a person's idea? Easy to learn? . ,
A. Man Mei
B. Dewey
C. bruner
D. Rogers
Tucki made a speech after learning about it? Ambition? Meaning of. This level of learning mainly belongs to ().
A. phonetic information learning
B. Wisdom skills learning
C. Cognitive strategy learning
D. Attitude learning
14. The students were listening attentively in the classroom when suddenly a student's parents came in from the outside and everyone turned their attention to him. From a psychological point of view, this is ().
A. Intentional attention
B. Unintentional attention
C. imagine
D. observation
15. 1937 published the book "personality: psychological interpretation", which marked the beginning of systematic research on personality problems with scientific methods.
A. cartels
B. gummed tape
C. allport
D. Netherlands
Second, the noun explanation
1. Pay attention after your heart
2. Class collective good psychological atmosphere
3. Sub-topic discussion method
4. School psychological counseling
Third, short answer questions
1. Briefly describe the performance of primary school students in social communication.
2. What are the conditions for forming effective exercises?
3. Briefly describe the differences and connections between general ability and special ability.
4. Briefly explain the basic process of memory.
Fourth, the essay questions
This paper discusses how to adjust the psychological conflict of teachers' roles.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) case problem
1. According to the Analects of Confucius, once Confucius returned to his study after class, and Gong Xihua, a student, brought him a glass of water. At this moment, Luz rushed in and asked the teacher loudly: Teacher, if I hear a correct proposition, can I do it at once? Confucius took a look at Luz and said slowly: Always ask your father and brother, how can you do it when you hear it? Just after Luz went out, another student, You Ran, quietly walked up to Confucius and respectfully asked, Sir, if I hear the right idea, should I do it at once? Confucius immediately replied: Yes, it should be implemented immediately. ? After You Ran left, Gong Xihua asked strangely. Sir, why is your answer to the same question the opposite? Confucius said with a smile that Ran was modest and hesitant, so I encouraged him to be decisive. However, Luz tried to be brave and enterprising, and he didn't do a good job, so I suggested that he listen to others' opinions and think twice when encountering difficulties. ?
Q: What can you learn from Confucius' example of educating students?
2. Xu? Female, l0 years old, a fourth-grade primary school student, a young pioneer cadre, and a class study committee member. My father is an official cadre, my mother is an accountant in a certain unit, and she is an only child. Xu? What does the teacher think about loving learning, observing discipline, being smart and docile since childhood? Top student? Is it the love of parents? Eye of the palm? . However, parents and teachers have high expectations and strict requirements for students. Parents require their daughters to score above 95 points in all subjects, and sometimes they get 98 points in the arithmetic period, which is among the best in the class, but their parents are still dissatisfied and think it is wrong to lose those two points. Parents will also pay close attention to their children's hobbies. What's the goal? Chyi Chin calligraphy and painting? Everything can be connected. They asked people to teach their children to learn electronic piano, and also asked people to arrange for their children to go to the District Children's Palace to participate in children's painting and calligraphy training. Father is proficient in chess. When he has time, he teaches his daughter to play Go and chess. Time is full for her. Teachers also have high expectations for this student, and often take this student's composition as an example to comment on the whole class. Due to the high expectations and requirements of parents and teachers, Xu? I am under great psychological pressure. I study harder and dare not slack off. From the third grade to the next semester, Xu? I feel overwhelmed and exhausted, and sometimes I have a headache when I take a book. There seems to be golden flowers in my eyes, and sometimes I feel dizzy in class.
Question: What problems do the cases reflect in primary school students' learning and how to avoid such problems?
Reference answer:
I. Multiple choice questions
1.d [analysis]. Bloom believes that as long as enough time and proper teaching are given, almost all students can master almost all the contents (usually 80% ~ 90% of the evaluation items can be completed) and enter the new unit.
2.c [analysis] Piaget, a famous Swiss psychologist, made a systematic study of children's moral judgment in the 1930s and put forward the theory of moral development stages.
3.b [analysis] skills are divided into mental skills and motor skills. Gagne divided mental skills into wisdom skills and cognitive strategies according to the learning results. The ability to apply rules to foreign affairs is called intellectual skill.
4.d [analysis] IQ calculation formula: IQ-intellectual age/actual age? 100。
5.b [analysis] intelligence factors include attention, observation, memory, imagination, thinking and so on. Non-intelligence factors include motivation, interest, emotion, will, personality and so on.
6.c [analysis] health is not just the absence of disease or weakness, but a state of physical, psychological and social adaptation. In other words, people's health should not only have a healthy body, but also a healthy mind.
7.b [analysis] The object of mental health education is mainly normal students, that is, normal students with mild and moderate mental health problems.
8.c [analysis] Sports memory is a memory with the movement state or action appearance of the body as its content. It is a form of image memory, and the object of memory is action images of various sports, such as playing ball and swimming.
9.b [analysis] Subordinate learning, also known as generic learning, is a process of attributing new ideas to a certain part of the original ideas in the cognitive structure and making them interrelated. New knowledge is a derivative of old knowledge, and there is a generic relationship between them.
10. [Analysis] Homophonic association refers to a fine processing strategy that uses association to turn meaningless materials into meaningful materials to help memory when learning a new material.
1 1 .1 [Analysis] Creative thinking is a kind of divergent thinking. A dialectical thinking form of centralized thinking, in which divergent thinking is its core.
12.d [analysis] In the 1960s, there appeared a humanistic trend of thought in the United States, which was put forward by educational psychologist Rogers. Student-centered? The teacher is just a person's idea? Easy to learn? .
13.a [Analysis] Phonetic information learning refers to mastering the content transmitted in the form of phonetic information, or expressing the learning results in the form of phonetic information. In words? Ambition? Meaning of.
14.b [analysis] Attention can be divided into intentional attention and unintentional attention. Attention with a predetermined purpose and a certain will to work hard when necessary is intentional attention, while attention without a predetermined purpose and will to work hard is unintentional attention.
15.c [Analysis] Personality psychology was declared as an independent discipline in 1937 with allport's masterpiece Personality: Psychological Interpretation, which marked the beginning of systematic research on personality problems in a scientific way.
Second, the noun explanation
1. Intentional attention: refers to the attention that has a predetermined purpose but does not require the will to work hard. It is achieved by studying, training or cultivating personal direct interest in things on the basis of intentional attention.
2. Good class collective psychological atmosphere refers to the comprehensive reflection of cognitive attitude, will quality, behavior characteristics and emotional tendency that dominate the class collective.
3. Sub-topic discussion: Under the guidance of teachers, students express their views on a certain issue and draw conclusions through discussion or debate.
4. School psychological counseling: refers to school psychological counselors using relevant professional knowledge and skills to create a new type of interpersonal relationship, providing help and services to students, helping students to correctly understand themselves and the environment, setting reasonable life goals according to actual conditions, overcoming obstacles in growth, adjusting behaviors, enhancing social adaptability, and exerting their potential.
Third, short answer questions
1. [Reference answer]
Compared with young children, primary school children communicate with their peers more frequently, participate in more social activities together, and have more organized social activities. The main features are as follows:
(1) People spend more time with their peers and the forms of communication are more complicated.
(2) Children's skills of transmitting information in peer communication are enhanced.
(3) Children are better at using all kinds of information to decide their actions towards others, and are better at coordinating activities with other children.
(4) Children begin to form peer groups.
2. [Reference Answer]
The conditions for effective practice are as follows: (1) Clarify the purpose and requirements of practice and enhance learning motivation; (2) Help students master the correct practice methods and knowledge; (3) Step by step, from easy to difficult, from simple to complex; (4) Grasp the speed of practice correctly to ensure the quality of practice; (5) Reasonably arrange the number and time of practice; (6) The practice methods should be diversified; (7) Let students know the results of each exercise and make timely improvements.
3. [Reference Answer]
There are differences and connections between general ability and special ability.
Difference: General ability is the most basic ability needed by people to complete various activities, while special ability is the ability needed to complete certain activities or operations.
Connection: General ability is the basis of the formation and development of special ability, and the development of special ability will greatly promote the development and perfection of general ability.
4. [Reference Answer]
Memory has three basic links: memory, retention, identification or recall. Memory is the first basic link in the process of memory, which refers to the process of individuals acquiring knowledge and experience, and it has the characteristics of selectivity; Retention refers to the consolidation process of acquired knowledge and experience in the human brain, which is the second basic link in the memory process; Memory and recognition are the processes of recovering past experience under different conditions. Things that have been experienced in the past are not in sight, and the process of reappearing in the human brain is called memory; The past experiences reappear in front of us, and the process of confirmation is called cognition. A phenomenon that can neither be recognized nor recalled is called forgetting, which is the antonym of keeping. Recall and recognition are the third basic link in the memory process.
Fourth, the essay questions
[Reference answer]
After facing up to the existence of a large number of psychological conflicts, it is important to be good at adjustment, and we can work hard from the following aspects. (1) Teachers arm themselves with all kinds of useful knowledge, information and ideas in their study and exploration. Enriching and improving self-encouragement and masturbation will form a detached attitude towards unrealistic' material desires' and annoying mediocrity. (2) Moderate expectations and sustained success. Goal is the focus of teachers' subjective and objective adaptation, so controlling goal is an important aspect for teachers to adjust role conflicts and improve role adaptation. Teachers' self-confidence will be enhanced and their role adaptability will be improved after they strive to implement their goals step by step and constantly experience the joy of success.
(3) In the hard work, an important reason why teachers can maintain an optimistic and firm mental state is that teachers love students and are full of teachers' love. Teachers' love is not only the strength of education, but also an important factor to maintain teachers' mental health. (4) Teachers should reduce interpersonal conflicts. Be strict with yourself, be tolerant of others, be willing to make good friends, be cheerful and open-minded, and tolerate people's shortcomings.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) case problem
1. [Reference answer]
(1) Students' personality psychology is different.
Each individual has his own tendency to things and events in the objective world, and has different needs, interests, ideals, beliefs and world views; Have different motives. In the teaching process, different students have different personalities. Teachers should find out each student's personality and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.
(2) The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude means that teaching should proceed from the reality of students, so that the depth, breadth and progress of teaching are suitable for the knowledge level and acceptance ability of most students, and at the same time, the personality characteristics and differences of the students are taken into account, so that each student can be fully developed. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is the most basic requirement for implementing quality education and promoting students' all-round development.
① Teachers should pay attention to observing and analyzing the characteristics of students' learning. Students' performance in problems is particularly worthy of analysis, from which we can find their unique cognitive characteristics and motivation tendency. The teacher should mention more.
Questions like this: Why are you confused? Where is the card? Why do the same types of errors always occur?
Why is there an abnormal phenomenon? The obvious smoothness of students' learning is also worthy of attention and analysis. From this, we can find out what kind of problems students are good at solving and their motivation for learning, and analyze under what circumstances students are particularly successful, what characteristics they have in thinking and understanding, and so on. Through observation and analysis, we can find the characteristics of students.
② Some students have poor academic performance because of their low level of thinking, some students have poor academic performance because of the limitation of learning style, and some students have poor academic performance because of the obstruction of learning motivation. In the actual situation, factors such as motivation, ability and style are intertwined and interact with each other. So we must start with the encouragement, maintenance and guidance of learning methods. For students with low ability, it is particularly important to take different measures to make them study with self-esteem and confidence. If improper education erases the self-esteem of people with poor abilities, it will undoubtedly add insult to injury and take away the source of their development motivation. The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is the application of the law of students' physical and mental development in teaching. Students of a certain age have certain universality and particularity in their psychological characteristics and intelligence level. Teaching according to students' common characteristics and individual differences is conducive to fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses, recovering losses and cultivating more talents earlier and faster.
2. [Reference Answer]
This case is a typical case of study fatigue, a pupil. As can be seen from the case introduction, the study fatigue of this pupil is entirely due to the high expectations and demands of parents and teachers. The child scored 98 points in arithmetic, but his parents were still not satisfied. Classroom study and homework are already tense enough, and parents also use the ancient lady standard of "playing chess, painting and calligraphy" to ask their daughters. As a result, the children are exhausted, complaining, and their psychological fatigue is more serious.
In this case, it should be emphasized to parents that children are children after all, and their psychological endurance is limited, and they are in a critical period of physical and mental development. Therefore, parents' wishes should never be imposed on their children, nor should they be too demanding of them. Leave room for children to feel the harmony and happiness of learning rhythm, which is conducive to the healthy growth of children's body and mind. This is the real concern and love for children's growth.
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