At present, the national policy of "two exemptions and one subsidy" has been widely used for students in Huinong village, and economic problems (can't afford to go to school) are no longer the key to restricting rural children's schooling and success. Mental health problems have become the primary factor for rural children to become talents. At present, rural junior high school students generally have psychological problems such as inferiority, selfishness, willfulness, loneliness, poor self-control, anxiety and irritability, weariness of learning, indifference and numbness, covetousness of enjoyment, factionalism, duplicity and puppy love. It is particularly urgent and important to strengthen the research on the ways and methods of mental health education for rural students. After nearly a year's collection, investigation, visit and observation in rural junior high schools, members of this research group have made a conclusive paper on this topic.
I. Social channels
In the social environment, the teacher is an insignificant little role, and the class teacher is the lowest director. But the expectations and responsibilities they carry are definitely beyond the value. They carry the tomorrow of society. In today's social transformation period, various social problems emerge one after another. In the final analysis, it is a question of human spirit and human soul. How to solve it? According to law? The author thinks that the law can't solve it, and neither can the army. It still depends on education, millions of teachers and thousands of class teachers.
Class teachers, especially those in rural junior high schools, are duty-bound. Because junior high school is the most rapid, unstable and rebellious period for students. The head teacher of rural junior middle school must rely on the school and exert positive influence on students in the period of physiological and psychological mutation through social channels, so that students can correctly understand the society, distinguish right from wrong and grow up healthily.
1. Warning mode: The class teacher invites the staff of the police station, judicial office and other relevant departments to give a legal report to the students through the school, and can also go to the juvenile detention center to listen to his own statement when conditions permit. In this way, students can increase their knowledge, be shocked, and play a warning role, so as to distinguish right from wrong and dispel the bad psychology of money first and indolence.
2. Inspiration method: the class teacher invited veterans and social successful people to give speeches at the school through the school, remembering bitter experiences, telling the way to success and serving the country, so that students can be edified, know how to observe discipline, clarify responsibilities, be grateful for returns, and stop being self-centered everywhere.
3. Supervision method: The class teacher employs enlightened people who are enthusiastic about education in each village as school supervisors through the school, and closely monitors students' access to game halls and black Internet cafes in every corner of the village. Once they are found to criticize education or inform parents and schools, they will work together in Qi Xin. In this way, the joint efforts will not let the positive education of the school be wasted and destroyed.
4. Practice method: Most students are spoiled now. Although they are in the countryside, they have never been to the ground or experienced the ups and downs of labor. The head teacher should organize students to go deep into the rural reality, observe and visit factories, villages and enterprises, let students personally participate in housework and farm work, experience the ups and downs of labor, and realize that only labor can reap, workers can survive, and labor is a human duty. It is very important to improve students' life skills and viability.
These are the ways in which the head teacher has a positive influence on students' psychology through social channels.
Two. Family method
The head teachers in rural junior middle schools should go deep into students' families, and families and schools should unite and pay attention to students' mental health together. As we all know, to be a talent, one must be an adult first. Adults, this link can be said to be mainly completed in the family. A harmonious and happy family can cultivate students' healthy psychology. The reality of life is far from this, and the economic tide is surging, not to mention young teenagers. How many adults can resist the temptation and blow? Especially for relatively poor rural people, people regard getting rich as a top priority, and then attach great importance to everything for their children. As a result, left-behind children are becoming more and more common, and parents' divorce is also common. More and more parents with minor problems still firmly believe that as long as I earn money for you, you can concentrate on studying for me! So as long as the students' grades are not good, they will yell at each other, and if it is serious, they will threaten me at every turn. Coupled with some parents eating, drinking, gambling, reneging and swearing, students are simply suffering in purgatory! Don't talk about psychology, as long as the body can grow healthily.
At present, the country has raised the issues of agriculture, rural areas and farmers to an unprecedented height. Because agriculture, rural areas and farmers can rejuvenate the country. Our rural junior high school class teacher should shoulder this mission without hesitation. Every student's personality and psychology are different, which stems from the differences in each family. The head teacher must go deep into the students' families, make detailed investigations, do more work and communicate with parents to achieve the following purposes:
1. Let parents understand the key points of family education: moral education, habit cultivation and adult-oriented.
2. Three tasks of family education:
(1) Cultivate children's good study habits and ensure their success. Sacrificing high marks and developing good habits are a powerful guarantee for children to become talents.
(2) Create a harmonious and ideal family environment and promote children's success. Tolerance of children's failures in growth, allowing children to make mistakes and treating children as children; Think of yourself as a child's friend, think tank and booster, not the child's master, master and substitute.
(3) Master scientific educational methods to help children become talents. I was born with a gift. Since God gave me a gift, let it work! . As long as the method is proper, every child can become a talent and be excellent. Improper methods, no amount of love will help, and even become a poison for children's growth.
Parents are the most reliable and dependent people for children. Maintaining students' mental health through parents' participation is the simplest and most effective method. In practice, the following methods can be adopted:
1. Home-school exchange visits: Teachers visit their homes at least once every semester, and keep in constant contact by telephone. Parents should also take the opportunity to ask questions at school or communicate with teachers regularly. This method is intended to strengthen the communication between home and school, keep abreast of students' trends and problems that are easy to occur, and solve them in time in combination with teachers.
2. Making friends method: the class teacher should take the initiative to make friends with parents, and parents should take the initiative to make friends with students, and they all become friends. Students are no longer afraid of teachers complaining about being punished when they go home, and parents are no longer afraid of teachers' condescending accusations. In this way, teachers, parents and students are trinity, and becoming comrades-in-arms in the trenches for a common goal will make mental health education more beneficial.
3. Heart-to-heart listening method: When facing children (students), don't treat children (students) with your own ideas; Listen attentively, listen attentively and be tolerant. In particular, issues that have nothing to do with principles should be echoed. Listening carefully is the first step to make friends with students.
Three. Teacher channel
(A) the class teacher takes the lead
The head teacher plays the most important core role in the mental health education of rural junior middle schools, because;
1. The most direct manager and person in charge of a junior high school student's three-year study is his class teacher.
2. The formation of class spirit and study style of a class depends on the management of the head teacher.
Under the current conditions, the teacher who is most in contact with, understands and guides students is the head teacher.
It is no exaggeration to say that the management of class teachers in rural junior middle schools affects not only students, but also the success or failure of rural education and the future development of agriculture, countryside and farmers. This is not the author's invention. As we all know, a century-long plan is education-oriented, education-oriented, and teachers-oriented.
According to the experience of the author and the members of the research group, it is believed that the head teachers of rural junior high schools can adopt the following methods to carry out mental health education:
1. Psychological diagnosis method: In educational practice, the class teacher must know himself and know himself, so as to be invincible. To truly understand a student comprehensively and deeply, it is far from enough to rely solely on experience and superficial impression. Timely psychological diagnosis of students is an effective means to understand students. Psychological diagnosis is a scientific description or classification of students' needs, learning conditions or defects, so as to find out the nature and causes of their problems and determine the goal and direction of education.
2. Psychological counseling: Psychological counseling is a specialized activity with students as the main body and under the guidance of teachers, aiming at cultivating students' good psychological quality. The head teacher can combine his classroom teaching with psychological counseling activities, and can also combine with class meetings or other class collective activities or group activities. Conditional, should be carried out through special psychological counseling activities.
3. Psychological counseling: Psychological counseling is different from general political and ideological education. School political and ideological education focuses on cultivating students' social behavior norms on the basis of heteronomy from the perspectives of political theory, ethics and legal norms. (Class teacher) generally adopts the methods of propaganda, preaching, criticism, praise, setting an example and discipline. Psychological consultation is to explore people's inner world from the perspectives of sociology, psychology, mental hygiene and medicine. Usually, friends, affection, listening, acceptance, participation, encouragement, counseling and training are adopted. On the basis of self-discipline, people's potential development and personality perfection are emphasized to help others help themselves and strengthen themselves.
4. Reading Bath Method: Read biographies and masterpieces of celebrities, so that students can feel a broader and noble life under the influence of role models, bathe their hearts and make themselves stronger. The head teacher's cultivation of students' reading habits is equivalent to putting a growth booster in each student's heart.
5. Whispering email: Some students are introverted and dare not consult or take the initiative to ask the teacher for help, so the class teacher opens the closed heart in this secret way and helps them open it. The class teacher can accept students' whispers, notes and stationery, and it is more appropriate for the class teacher to take the initiative to write notes and notes for the students, so as to be caring and attentive. Great love is boundless and can melt the ice wall of the soul; Great love is seamless, but it can moisten things silently.
(b) Cooperation of teachers.
As the saying goes: people are United, Taishan is the top, ugly is not ugly. As long as you put your mind in one place and work hard in one place, there is nothing you can't do. The head teacher is not alone. Every teacher, every leader and every worker in the school is an ally. The head teacher must condense the centripetal force of mental health education.
1. Coordination method: It is impossible for a class teacher to deal with students in every class, let alone stay with them all the time. Always contact teachers, do everything for students, start from students, work together, find problems, prevent them, and solve them as soon as possible.
2. Attack method: Every student has his favorite teacher, and every teacher also has his favorite student. According to the advantages of teachers, using this superior resource to carry out mental health activities through teachers will certainly have good results.
3. Stimulating interest method: Interest is the permanent motive force for people's healthy growth. Teachers give full play to their professional expertise and personality charm and try their best to cultivate students' good interests, which is of great benefit to mental health.
4. Tutorial system: according to the students' situation, a file is established for everyone, and it is contracted to each subject teacher in different categories, who is responsible for contracting the students' work in learning and thinking. The person in charge of the contract has essentially become the mental health tutor of the students. Form a system and students will benefit for life.
Four. Student channel
Mr. Tao Xingzhi said: Teacher Wang's duty is not to teach, but to teach students to learn. Mr. Ye Shengtao also said: The purpose of teaching is not to teach. The ultimate goal of mental health education is to make every student have the ability to self-regulate mental health. Although students have their limitations, today's students are active, knowledgeable and independent. The head teacher should give full play to students' enthusiasm, let students improve and adjust their mentality, let everyone educate everyone and let students help students, so that mental health education will be more effective. Common methods are:
1. Self-help method: Class teachers and Chinese teachers can regularly ask students to write to themselves in the form of diaries, weekly diaries and monthly diaries. It can not only complete self-reflection, but also realize self-education and self-adjustment, and of course it is convenient for teachers to teach students in accordance with their aptitude. More importantly, let students learn to grow up by themselves.
2. Performance method: When the class teacher finds that students have some bad tendencies in their study and life, they make up a sitcom according to the situation, so that students can perform cooperatively, complete the role exchange in the performance, distinguish right from wrong, and grow psychologically. This method is very popular with students.
3. Mutual aid law: We all have the experience that students resist their parents and teachers, but not their peers (friends). They are often very close and talk about everything. The head teacher should do a good job in the media, guide and organize students to help each other, so it is very effective to carry out mental health education.
4. Decompression method: Practice shows that students' psychological problems all come from troubles and pressures in life. When all the interventions we use at the scene don't work for a while, the class teacher should also teach the students the correct methods of excretion.
(1) Roaring method: Find a place where no one can go and let yourself shout, scream, scold and cry.
(2) Savage physique method: running wildly, jumping wildly and kicking wildly. (Pay attention to safety first)
(3) Temporarily let go of the rules: fall asleep, drink delicious food, watch thrillers, martial arts novels, etc.
(4) Long-term friend talk: talk with your parents, teachers and friends who are close to you.
(5) Self-talk: keep a diary or talk to your favorite things (dogs, pigs, flowers, trees, etc.). ).
The essence of education is to make people happy, and the core of education is to cultivate healthy personality. This is the pursuit of education in 2 1 century, and it is also the pursuit of our practical exploration on this subject. The day when this pursuit is realized must be the great fortune of rural children, agriculture, countryside and farmers, and the great fortune of the country.