For example, the treaty on Switzerland's permanent neutrality is based on the Vienna Declaration of 18 15, and Switzerland became the first permanent neutral country in Europe. Subsequently, Belgium and Luxembourg became permanent neutrals according to the London Treaty of 183 1 and the London Treaty of 1867 respectively. However, the permanent neutrality between the two countries was destroyed by the German invasion in World War I and abolished by the Treaty of Versailles in 19 19. According to the federal regulation adopted in 1955, Austria declared its permanent neutrality. The Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France made commitments and guarantees to the territorial integrity and inviolability of Austria in the way of Switzerland. Others, there are neutral clauses stipulated in bilateral treaties and multilateral treaties, such as 1902 the first alliance treaty between Britain and Japan; 1882 treaty of alliance between Germany, Austria and Italy and 1926 treaty of neutrality and non-aggression between the Soviet union and Germany.
Permanent neutral country-Switzerland Xinhua Switzerland Federation covers an area of 465,438+0,284 square kilometers and is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Switzerland ... 18 15, Vienna conference confirmed Switzerland as a permanent neutral country. 1848, Switzerland formulated a new constitution, established the Federal Council, and became a unified federal country.
Apart from its profound historical background and important geographical factors, Switzerland's permanent neutrality is inseparable from its people's long-term efforts and struggles to defend peace and neutrality. Switzerland's neutral foreign policy has not only brought great benefits to the Swiss people in politics and economy, making it one of the countries in the world that has never had a war for hundreds of years, but also made important contributions to world peace. The policy of permanent neutrality has turned Switzerland, a famous country, into the Garden of Eden in the eyes of all countries in the world and a model for learning. The foreign policy of permanent neutrality has made important contributions to the stable development of Swiss society and economy and world peace.
The origin and development of neutrality
The word "neutral" comes from Latin and was first used in 1536. In the oldest literature of Hervey (another name of Switzerland), the functional meaning of neutrality is interpreted as "sitting still". Article 173 of the current Swiss federal constitution clearly stipulates that the federal parliament has the right to "take necessary measures to protect Switzerland's external security, independence and neutrality" (Note: See the new Swiss federal constitution, published in Bern 1999, page 42. )。 The provisions of this basic constitution make Switzerland adhere to the four principles in its foreign relations. First, the principle of permanent neutrality. In other words, Switzerland must avoid the danger of war, not be involved in disputes, and not be aligned. It relies on its own "armed neutrality" and is always ready. Second, establish diplomatic relations with all countries in the world, regardless of political system or ideology. Third, share weal and woe. Neutrality does not mean standing by. Switzerland also provides humanitarian assistance and cooperation to developing countries and provides support to countries that have suffered major natural disasters. Fourth, provide convenience. In the case of international conflicts, Switzerland often mediates to bring the two sides into contact. [1] (p220) "Making friends is more important than water" is a remarkable feature of Swiss foreign policy.
The establishment of Switzerland's neutral status has gone through a long historical stage, and it was won with blood through the unremitting efforts of several generations. Switzerland is located in the center of western Europe, surrounded by powerful countries, with France in the southwest, Italy in the southeast, Germany in the northwest and Austria in the northeast, so its strategic position is very important. Since the Middle Ages, many European countries have tried to control this strategic place. 129 1 year, Schwier, Uri and Lower Walden formed a permanent alliance to jointly cope with the expansion of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty and safeguard their own security. To 15 13, with 13 national members, this is the beginning of Switzerland's neutrality. 15 15, the Swiss army was defeated by the French army in Marignan. 15 16, 152 1 year, Switzerland and France signed a permanent peace treaty, promising never to go to war with France, and at the same time refusing the French enemy to pass through their pass. In this way, Switzerland, sandwiched between great powers, learned from its mistakes and adopted a brilliant foreign policy in time-insisting on neutrality and protecting itself from the golden mean. It can be said that the Battle of Marignan was a turning point of Swiss neutrality policy. 16 18 A 30-year war broke out in Europe. Switzerland pursues a neutral foreign policy, but there are still a large number of Swiss as mercenaries. At this time, Swiss mercenaries did not help any country fight, but made money for themselves and the country. Mercenaries have become an important source of primitive accumulation of Swiss capitalism. Switzerland tasted the benefits of neutrality for the first time. 1674, the policy of neutrality became the national code of conduct in Switzerland. At that time, Switzerland experienced the turmoil of religious reform, witnessed the suffering brought by the 30-year war in Europe to its neighbors, and felt the pressure of being a powerful neighbor. At that year, it finally announced at the "Congress" that it would act as a neutral country and would no longer participate in the war in any way, and put forward its own foreign neutrality policy to Europe for the first time. Switzerland's neutrality policy was recognized and respected by major European countries only during the French Revolution, which prevented Switzerland from getting involved in the European wars in this century and contributed to Switzerland's stability and development. 1814-1815 Austrian foreign minister metternich (later prime minister) and Britain and Russia reached an agreement to turn Switzerland into buffer state. The powers acknowledged that "Switzerland's neutrality, integrity and independence from any foreign forces are in the real interests of the whole European politics." [2] (P436)1815438+065438+1On October 20th, the great powers signed the Paris Treaty recognizing Switzerland's permanent neutrality. At this point, Switzerland's permanent neutrality has gradually been recognized by the international community, whether in Europe or in other parts of the world. [3] (P280)
Switzerland remained neutral in World War I and World War II. 19 14 during the first world war, Switzerland mobilized its troops to patrol the border according to the principle of "armed neutrality". The federal government appointed Weller as the commander-in-chief of the whole army, but the people in French-speaking Switzerland thought he was a pro-German, which caused a very serious opposition between the people in German-speaking and French-speaking areas. Nevertheless, the Swiss government and people still provide humanitarian assistance to the people of the warring countries to alleviate their suffering. During World War II, Switzerland was attacked by two fascist autocratic countries in the north and south, and the situation was very grim. Under this circumstance, all classes and nationalities in Switzerland put aside their differences, United as one, rejected fascism, and strengthened border defense in line with the principle of neutrality, which finally saved Switzerland from falling into war and safeguarded its territorial integrity and national independence. At the beginning of World War II, Switzerland implemented the "Inner Castle Plan" and placed explosives in important traffic arteries, bridges, tunnels and mountain passes. It will detonate at any moment. Switzerland is a mountainous country, which lost contact with the outside world after the bridges and tunnels were blown up. The inner castle plan is the worst plan. On the border of fascist Chen Bing, in order to prevent the invasion of German and Italian fascists, the Swiss army made its third general mobilization since World War II, with 400,000 personnel. [2] (P639) This is how Switzerland survived the crisis of World War II. Armed neutrality makes Switzerland a hard bone and a hedgehog; Without armed neutrality, rich Switzerland might have fallen into the bag of fascist Germany.
During the Cold War, Switzerland played the role of a safe haven between the two camps because of its special status. Despite the differences in political system, ideology and economic model, Switzerland has generally established diplomatic relations with eastern and western countries. Economically, we will implement a free economic policy and vigorously develop our own economy. Since the war, the world situation has been unstable, the United States and the Soviet Union have all-round cold war, NATO's Warsaw Pact crazy arms race, and there have been many contradictions and hot wars in Asia, Africa and Latin America. But politically, Switzerland adopts the strategy of "turning a deaf ear to things outside the window" and "clearing the snow in front of the door and not caring about others' frost"; Economically, Switzerland adopts the policy of "a cock with a clenched fist". Switzerland believes that every penny of its wealth is hard-won and should be cherished. Foreign aid will make recipient countries dependent, and officials will also breed corruption. However, Switzerland is very generous in humanitarian assistance. This relatively neutral attitude of Switzerland has won the universal respect and understanding of the international community. Many international organizations and conferences have settled in Switzerland. Switzerland is unwilling or unwilling to put forward any solutions and suggestions for various international conferences. It only provided a few tables and chairs, a house and a chef, and then made a lot of money. This way of Switzerland is accepted by all countries. For example, former US President Ronald Reagan and former Soviet President mikhail gorbachev met many times in Geneva and reached many agreements. Around 199 1, the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe disintegrated, but the western countries did not enjoy the "peace dividend" brought about by the great changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. On the contrary, the economy is in a continuous recession, the exchange rate is unstable, and people's hearts are floating, which leads to a large amount of funds pouring into Switzerland from East and West, and the Swiss franc stands out as a "refuge currency".
Obviously, the emergence of Switzerland's permanent neutrality policy has its complicated domestic and international environmental factors. First of all, from the traditional background, mountain residents are often tough and brave since ancient times. They first formed an alliance to oppose aggression and defend their sovereignty, independence and freedom, and mutual alliance, mutual support and overcoming difficulties are the basis for people living in poor areas with harsh natural conditions and inconvenient transportation to survive each other. It is this concept of freedom, equality and independence that breeds mutual coordination, arbitration and even neutrality to maintain their relationship. Secondly, Switzerland's natural conditions and geographical location played an important role in the emergence of its neutrality thought and the establishment and implementation of its neutrality policy. Switzerland is located in the center of western Europe, surrounded by Germany, France, Italy, Austria and other big countries. Since ancient times, it has been a traffic artery connecting southeast, northwest and Europe. However, Switzerland is a mountainous country with complex terrain. The Alps account for 60% of the national area, and its important mountain passes, such as San Colombia and Saint Bernard, are strategic passages for Europe. Such geographical conditions make Switzerland a battleground for military strategists. Whenever the war in neighboring countries spreads, Switzerland is bound to bear the brunt and suffer heavy losses. So neutrality is very important for this small country to survive in the cracks. Third, years of war have left the Swiss people devastated and miserable. The broad masses of people need a peaceful and stable environment, and the best way to win peace is to remain neutral and prevent foreign invaders from interfering. Fourth, Switzerland's neighboring countries also need a region to buffer relations, and Switzerland's neutrality is in line with the meaning of these big countries. So Switzerland's neutrality is not accidental.
Switzerland's foreign policy and its accession to the European Union
A remarkable feature of Swiss foreign policy is its continuity and stability. Today, the interdependence of different countries is increasing, and it is increasingly important to carry out international cooperation in all possible fields to meet the latest challenges, so that Switzerland's foreign policy, which has always been stable, needs to adapt to the current situation. The new federal constitutions 5438+0, 1 and 1, which came into effect in 2006, set forth five major objectives of Switzerland's foreign policy in the new century, namely, promoting peaceful coexistence of all ethnic groups, respecting human rights and promoting democracy, protecting the interests of Swiss overseas enterprises, alleviating poverty around the world and protecting Switzerland's natural heritage.
Strengthening activities to promote peace: Switzerland intends to play an important role in preventing armed conflicts, especially by advocating the establishment of a democratic and constitutional country, encouraging political settlement of conflicts and helping reconstruction. Strengthen dialogue and respect for cultural diversity at the national and international levels through intercultural dialogue and the Swiss Solidarity Foundation.
Implementing a humanitarian policy: Switzerland has formulated a human rights policy based on the principles of universality and indivisibility of human rights. Switzerland continues its traditional foreign policy and will implement an independent humanitarian policy. Take necessary measures to strengthen efforts to advocate and respect human rights and support democratic and constitutional countries.
Targeted protection of economic interests: ensure that the domestic economy can enjoy the best possible conditions, so as to meet the requirements of international success. The main focus is on promoting exports through small and medium-sized enterprises, supporting Switzerland to become a research and training center of foreign policy, ensuring Switzerland to become an efficient and competitive financial center through multilateral and bilateral efforts, and protecting its interests abroad.
Increase funds for Swiss development cooperation, focusing on poverty reduction: in the field of development cooperation, Switzerland emphasizes increasing income, increasing employment, good management, promoting private enterprises, sustainable utilization of natural resources, integration of world trade, reduction of national debt, social equality and crisis prevention and control. Switzerland intends to achieve the goal of allocating 0.4% of GDP to development cooperation in the next 10 year.
Committed to environmental protection: Switzerland's environmental protection policy includes advocating and further developing and using legal means, aiming at establishing a strong international environmental protection system. The main objectives are to expand the scope of application of existing agreements (especially in climate, biodiversity and the use of compounds) and to formulate international laws and regulations to protect forests, rivers, lakes and oceans. [4] (P46-47)
One of the biggest problems facing Swiss foreign policy is the integration of Switzerland and Europe. With the rise of the European Union, great changes have taken place in European political, economic and social affairs, and the trend of European integration is unstoppable. The new situation forces Switzerland to re-evaluate its diplomatic and political stance on European issues. Switzerland's accession to the European Union has become a major policy challenge at home and abroad, not only for economic reasons, but also for Switzerland's future political, economic and cultural status in Europe. As Austria, Finland and Sweden joined the European Union on 199565438+ 10/0/,the EFTA has few members (except Liechtenstein and other small countries). For Switzerland, joining the EU can enter the huge market of the EU and promote the long-term prosperity of the Swiss economy. However, the Swiss are also worried that their neutrality will be affected. It is generally believed that economic integration will inevitably lead to political integration. [5] (P20) The concerns of the Swiss people are not groundless. Since its establishment, the European Union has not only achieved economic goals, but also achieved political goals. With the enlargement of the European Union and the unification of the currency, the result will inevitably be a common foreign policy, a common security policy and a common defense policy, which conflict with the obligation of neutrality. The neutral obligation of a permanent neutral can be divided into primary neutral obligation and secondary neutral obligation. The neutral obligations that neutral countries should undertake during the war are generally called the main neutral obligations, such as preventing and preventing any belligerent from using their own territory, not giving any support to belligerents, and being impartial to belligerents when applying the implementation rules of international law and domestic law. [5] (P 19) In peacetime, neutral countries' neutral obligations are generally secondary neutral obligations, mainly to avoid being involved in future wars between third countries, such as not waging wars, not participating in wars between third countries, defending neutrality with armed forces, implementing a general neutral policy, not concluding military treaties and not participating in military blocs, and not participating in the collective security system in principle. (Note: See Swiss Yearbook of International Law, vols. 14 and 1957. )
On the issue of joining the EU, Switzerland is considering how to maintain permanent neutrality, and the key is sovereignty. Switzerland is unwilling to hand over a considerable part of its sovereignty to multinational institutions. Switzerland's view is that the EU is an alliance of a single market and a single currency. In the end, the political and military alliance will be realized, and almost all the macroeconomic decision-making power of member States will be handed over to the European Council for decision. EU law will become domestic law, and the sovereignty of member States will be greatly reduced, which is probably irreconcilable with the principle of neutrality. [6] (P37) The sovereignty within the legislative scope of China cannot be transferred to a permanently neutral country. With the expansion of the authority of EU institutions, the transfer of sovereignty of member States has also increased accordingly, and EU institutions adopt the principle of majority voting or absolute majority voting in many aspects. With the increase of member countries, this voting method can improve work efficiency. Otherwise, if the principle of unanimous voting is adopted at the same time as the transfer of sovereignty, many things will be difficult to coordinate, and the final result can only be discussion without decision. For example, the EU's trade policy is decided by the EU leadership, and it will also sign tariff agreements with other countries. It can also take unilateral economic measures against other countries, including economic sanctions. When the EU decides to impose economic sanctions on third countries that are not members, neutral countries are no exception. In this way, a permanent neutral country may violate its neutral obligation.
Neutral Switzerland also has a daunting problem, that is, the relationship between the EU and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Most EU member states are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. According to the NATO agreement, once NATO or its member countries have a war with a third country that is not a member country, NATO will inevitably take political and economic measures against the enemy country in addition to military means. NATO members of the European Union must take joint action. At this time, even if the members of permanent neutral countries can be exempted from participating in military operations, they can't help but participate in political sanctions and economic sanctions. The wars in Iraq, Afghanistan and Kosovo show that modern wars are not only military operations, but also political, economic and high-tech wars to a great extent. The closer the cooperation between the EU and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the more difficult it will be for the EU to become a permanent neutral country. At the same time, the Swiss are also worried that big countries will impose their will on small countries within the European Union, while Switzerland is a small country in Europe. If you join the EU, you must accept the will imposed by the big powers and be led by the nose by the big powers. Permanent neutrality is a long-term practice in Switzerland, which has been proved to be correct and beneficial to national development. The Swiss people also attach great importance to the policy of neutrality. Therefore, it is an extremely important political factor for Switzerland to stay away from it and not want to make its neutrality policy suffer a great impact after joining the European Union.
Switzerland is still unwilling to join the EU, not only because it is afraid of conflict with the neutral policy, but also because of its traditional thought of "being indifferent to water". Due to different historical reasons of neutral diplomacy, Swiss diplomacy is not as free, flexible and extensive as Sweden under the premise of non-alignment. According to the Swiss Constitution, the federal government cannot sign treaties with foreign countries and join international organizations at will, but must submit a referendum to obtain a double majority of voters and states. Over the years, the Swiss referendum has repeatedly rejected the government's proposal to join the European Union, which is a good example.
Third, the influence of neutral foreign policy on Switzerland.
Switzerland's neutral policy conforms to the interests of its own people, and its permanent neutral foreign policy most directly reflects Switzerland's political and economic interests, and also plays an important role in the development of international relations.
First of all, the policy of permanent neutrality has brought domestic political stability. Because Switzerland abides by neutrality and avoids interference from neighboring countries, ethnic and religious contradictions in Switzerland are not affected by external factors and will not develop to the point of intensification. Therefore, although Switzerland is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-religious and multi-cultural country, Swiss cantons can still get together to form a relatively close community, thus maintaining long-term domestic stability. A Swiss politician commented on the neutrality policy: "Neutrality is correct, and we have no reason to reject it. This has been proved by the practice of many centuries, which shows that this is the best means to safeguard the freedom and independence of our country. Pursuing neutrality has achieved our own goals and kept us out of the unfortunate political disputes of small countries. " [7] (page 89)
Second, the neutral policy has provided a strong impetus for the Swiss economic development. The political stability brought by neutrality is extremely beneficial to Switzerland's economic development. From 1648, the end of the 30-year war in Europe to 1789 French Revolution, the Swiss countryside was the richest countryside in Europe at that time, and wealthy farmers could write and count, so there was almost no difference between urban and rural areas in Switzerland. [8] (P 12) Especially since the 20th century, Switzerland's per capita income has been in the forefront of the world. As a highly developed industrial country, it stands in the middle of Western Europe. According to the statistics of the World Bank, in 1996, the per capita national income of Switzerland was the highest in the world, reaching $44,350. In terms of foreign economy, Switzerland is a major capital exporter in the world. It advocates the principle of free trade, aiming at protecting the sales market of its products and a large amount of foreign investment, and ensuring its supply channels of energy and raw materials. For these reasons, Switzerland opposes trade protectionism, advocates abolishing trade barriers and implementing free trade, and also opposes international economic sanctions. This is of great significance to Switzerland, which lacks resources and has a narrow market.
Switzerland is famous for its neutrality, which gives people a sense of trust, rigor, honesty and peace of mind. For hundreds of years, it has changed from a poor, backward and isolated mountain country to a safe and purse in the world, and now it has become the largest financial capital storage place in the world. 36% of the world's private capital is deposited in Swiss Capital Management Bank, which is roughly estimated to be more than 3,000 billion Swiss francs, and securities are more than/kloc-0,000 billion Swiss francs. [9] (P9) In addition, one-third of the profits of the London financial market are deposited in Switzerland every year. Since 199 1 the disintegration of the Soviet Union, funds illegally transferred from Russia to Switzerland alone have reached10 billion Swiss francs. Swiss banking is the industry most affected by the neutral policy. Its annual direct output value accounts for 34% of the gross national product, and its tax revenue accounts for 1 1% of the total federal tax revenue. Its economic benefits are far higher than other pillar industries such as machinery, chemical industry, clocks and watches, tourism, etc., ranking first. [9] (P9) The banking industry has made great contributions to strengthening the national economic strength of Switzerland, which is inseparable from the long-term stability of the domestic political situation and the national neutrality policy of Switzerland.
Third, the policy of permanent neutrality has made Switzerland play an important role in the world and made great contributions to the stability of Europe and world peace. Because of its neutral position, Switzerland has played an active role in many major international issues, such as maintaining peace, disarmament, easing tensions and strengthening trust between countries. As a permanently neutral Switzerland, it often gives countries the image of "considerate service" and "peace messenger" in international relations. This good service in Switzerland can be summarized as follows: the role of intermediary and dispute mediation; Participate in international arbitration; Carry out international dating; Participate in peacekeeping operations; Providing services to all parties to international negotiations; Provide international organizations and countries with the address of the negotiation place. [7] (P90)
Fourth, due to its special geographical location and permanent neutrality policy, Switzerland has always been favored by all countries in the world and has become the headquarters of international institutions. Basel, Switzerland is not only the "drug capital" of the world, but also the headquarters of the Bank for International Settlements. Zurich is not only one of the world's financial centers, but also the headquarters of FIFA. Davos Village is the seat of the World Economic Forum; Bern is the clock capital of the world; Lausanne is the headquarters of the international Olympics; Geneva is a famous city in the world. It is not only the European headquarters of the old League of Nations and the present United Nations, but also one of the international conference cities with the largest number of conferences in the world. "The world is divided into five continents: Europe, Asia, America, Africa and Geneva." This is a famous saying of French Foreign Minister Talilan 18 15 at the Vienna Conference, which spoke highly of Geneva's special position and important role in the world. After the founding of the United Nations, Geneva was designated as its headquarters in Europe by the United Nations. With the exception of the Security Council and the General Assembly of Member States held in new york, almost all other general meetings of the United Nations are held in Geneva. International institutions in Geneva can be roughly divided into three categories: 1. Institutions related to or associated with the United Nations. Such as the World Intellectual Property Organization, the United Nations Commission on Trade and Development, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the United Nations Development Programme, the World Trade Organization (formerly GATT), the United Nations Disarmament Commission, the World Health Organization, the World Meteorological Organization, the International Telecommunication Union and the International Labour Organization. Second, international organizations. Such as the International Education Bureau, the European Atomic Energy Center, the European Free Trade Organization, the European Committee for International Migration and other government organizations. Third, non-governmental organizations. There are more than 200 NGOs in Geneva, including the Inter-Parliamentary Union, the International Committee of the Red Cross, the International Civil Defence Organization, the International Federation of Women, the International Police Association, the International Association for Social Development, the International Social Science Terminology Center, the International Conference on Modern Architecture, the International Federation of Mountaineering Associations, the International Road Transport Federation, the World Water Skiing Federation, the World Income and Property Research Association, the World Trade Union Federation, the World Council of Religions, the International Association of Literature and Art, the International Commission of Jurists and the International Committee for the Protection of Children. Every year, more than 80,000 international conferences are held in Geneva to deal with almost all-encompassing issues such as disarmament, human rights, international trade, environment, refugees, disasters, telecommunications, meteorology, intellectual property rights, labor disputes and nuclear proliferation. International organizations and diplomatic missions pay various fees and social insurance premiums to Geneva as high as 3.65 billion Swiss francs every year. Switzerland has not only made great contributions to world peace, but also brought great wealth to our country.
Fifth, the policy of neutrality has made Switzerland a country of refuge in the world, which has made direct and indirect contributions to the development of the world humanitarian spirit and the world proletarian revolution. Switzerland's humanitarian relief work is at the forefront of the world. The International Committee of the Red Cross, founded by Swiss Henry Dinan and headquartered in Geneva, has become the largest humanitarian agency in the world, running around the world for humanitarian assistance every year, and it has become a symbol of Switzerland's neutral policy. Trust is the key to the work of ICRC, so "more neutral than Switzerland" has become a popular slogan of ICRC. [ 10] (P 184)
Because the humanitarian spirit is reflected everywhere in Switzerland, Switzerland itself has become a country of refuge for people of all countries. Switzerland has accepted a large number of "political prisoners" and refugees from all over the world since modern times, from accepting prisoners of war and Jews in World War I and World War II to resettling refugees from the former Yugoslavia. Many famous people in the world have stayed and taken refuge in Switzerland, and the most famous one should be Lenin, the proletarian revolutionary mentor. Lenin went abroad three times in 1895- 19 17, and more than two thirds of his time abroad was in Switzerland. The reason why Lenin stayed in Switzerland for such a long time is related to its peace, stability, neutrality and humanitarianism. On the eve and during the First World War, most European countries refused or restricted Lenin's stay and travel, but only Switzerland welcomed Lenin with open arms. Lenin was also impressed by Switzerland's highly developed economy and good environment.
In short, as far as natural resources are concerned, although Switzerland is one of the poorest countries in the world, it has made full use of its geographical position, adopted a policy of permanent neutrality in diplomacy, and implemented the principle of free trade in economy, making Switzerland politically stable and economically sustainable and becoming the "Garden of Eden" of the world. Switzerland's foreign policy of permanent neutrality conforms to the interests of the Swiss people, so it can be said that Switzerland's foreign policy of permanent neutrality is correct. With the adjustment of China's foreign policy since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Swiss foreign policy of permanent neutrality is also worth learning and learning from in many aspects.