China achieved an overall well-off society at the end of the 20th century. The overall well-off society is characterized by low level, incomplete and unbalanced development. A well-off society in an all-round way is characterized by more developed economy, more sound democracy, more advanced science and education, more prosperous culture, more harmonious society and more affluent people's lives. The time to achieve a comprehensive well-off society is 2020. This is put forward in the "three-step" strategy and the "two 100" goal. The relationship between them is a gradual one, based on China's national conditions, and through long-term step-by-step and phased efforts, the common prosperity of the essence of socialism is finally realized. The national standard design is the unified standard for the well-off life of the people of the whole country and the basic standard for measuring the well-off life level of the people of the whole country, including five indicators of 16. The first category is the level of economic development, which consists of per capita GDP indicators; The second category is the material living standard, which consists of eight indicators, such as per capita disposable income in cities and towns, per capita net income of farmers, per capita living area in cities and towns, per capita reinforced brick-wood housing area in rural areas, per capita daily intake of protein, paved road area per 10,000 urban residents, proportion of rural administrative villages with roads and Engel coefficient. The third category is population quality, which consists of three indicators: adult literacy rate, average life expectancy and infant mortality rate; The fourth category is spiritual life, which consists of two indicators: the proportion of education and entertainment expenditure and the penetration rate of TV sets; The fifth category is living environment, which includes two indicators: forest coverage rate and the percentage of counties above the basic qualification of rural primary health care.

Urban standard consists of five parts: economic level, material life, population quality, spiritual life, living environment and social security, including 12 index; The rural standard consists of income level, material life, population quality, spiritual life, living environment and social security, including 16 indicators.

Mainly follow four technical principles: first, the principle of comprehensive system, which can fully reflect the connotation and basic characteristics of the well-off level. Taking the reflection of residents' material and cultural living standards and quality of life as the main line, and considering economic development and social development comprehensively, it is obviously different from the life connotation in the stage of food and clothing and prosperity. Second, the principle of practical operation, to measure the development level of well-off life in China, should be scientific and objective, simple and practical, and operable. The value quantity index is combined with the physical quantity index, and the relative quantity of the index is measured as much as possible to maintain comparability and continuity. The third is the principle of comparability. The selected indicators should be convenient for horizontal and vertical research and analysis. We should not only refer to international standards, but also give full consideration to the national characteristics of China, such as large population, little arable land, great differences between urban and rural areas, relatively insufficient resources and great differences in lifestyles. Fourth, the principle of minimum reliability, under the premise of almost equal representative effect, satisfies the principle of minimum reliability of index number and data source as much as possible, so as to make the index number less, more accurate, objectively and reasonably reflect the well-off living standard.

These three sets of standards are a system, which are both related and different, and jointly reflect the well-off level without violating the principle of unity. When formulating standards, we should pay attention to the essence of residents' living standards and seek internal unity, not formal unity.

Considering the objectivity of the huge difference between urban and rural areas, we adopt the practice of formulating urban standards and rural standards as the refinement and supplement of national standards, with the aim of reflecting the actual improvement of residents' living standards more accurately in essence. As we all know, China has a vast territory, a large population and many nationalities, and its living habits and customs are quite different. If we use a set of national standards, it is difficult to accurately describe the living standards of the people of the whole country, and the average will cover up huge differences. Because the mean value is seriously disturbed by outliers, when the dispersion of variables is high, the mean value can hardly reflect the overall level. Only when the differences between individual elements in the population are not great can the mean value accurately reflect the overall level. For example, the living environment and habits of towns and rural areas are very different. Modern living facilities in towns bring convenience to urban residents, but also cause environmental pollution. The situation in rural areas is just the opposite. There are also some differences brought by other customs, which are difficult to measure with a set of standards.

If it is difficult to grasp the standard of "eating well", we should start with the effect of affecting residents' nutrition and use protein index to reflect it. Residents' nutritional intake includes a variety of elements, mainly referring to residents' intake of food protein, fat and calories, which are three essential nutritional elements for human health. Among all kinds of nutrients, protein is the most important for people. The basic structure and functional unit of human body is cell, which is composed of protein, fat, sugar, inorganic salts, vitamins and water. Sugar, also known as carbohydrate, is the main source of heat energy in people's diet, accounting for 60% ~ 80% of the total calorie intake. The intake of these nutrients depends on people's food. When calculating the protein or the three major nutrients, more than a dozen foods commonly used by residents are selected to measure the protein index. It is more scientific to use them to reflect the consumption level of residents.

For another example, the determination of quantitative boundaries of some indicators cannot be "one size fits all" and needs to be treated differently. For example, the income level, an important value indicator to describe residents' living standards, is quite different between the nominal income and the actual expenditure of urban and rural residents, with high urban prices and many expenditure items. Although the per capita income of urban residents is much higher than that of rural areas, the actual purchasing power has not expanded in the same proportion, so the living standard has not improved by the same order of magnitude. Therefore, it is reasonable to take the well-off threshold of income level as the urban and rural standard. Another example is the indicator reflecting the housing level. Because of the significant difference between urban and rural living environment, the city lives in narrow cement-reinforced buildings, mainly considering the conditions of improving housing area; Rural residence is a large area of civil brick bungalows, mainly from the housing materials and equipment that reflect the housing situation. For transportation, the key is how to reflect the convenience of residents. As far as urban residents are concerned, there are generally more convenient means of transportation available, and the per capita paved road area can reflect the alleviation and improvement of urban traffic; However, the proportion of administrative villages with roads in rural areas is more telling, because rural residents all live in villages, and building roads is basically to solve traffic problems.

Compared with the past, the concept of a well-off society has undergone many changes. What are the main aspects?

Indeed, the concept of a well-off society has changed a lot. This can be seen from the gradual deepening of building a well-off society in an all-round way in China.