1, Zhang Jian [Ji m: n]:
1853 was born in Changle Town, Haimen, Jiangsu Province. 1869, scholar of imperial examinations, 1874 (that is, thirteen years of Tongzhi), went to Nanjing to go to Tongzhou (now Nantong), formerly known as Sun Yunjin. /kloc-in the summer of 0/876 (the second year of Guangxu), I went to Pukou to be a Qingjun document. Later, Yuan Shikai also defected, and these two men formed Wu Changqing's civil and military staff. /kloc-in the spring of 0/880 (the sixth year of Guangxu), Wu Changqing was promoted to be the magistrate of Zhejiang and was ordered to visit Beijing accompanied by Zhang Jian. In the winter of the same year, Wu Changqing was ordered to help Lu defend, and Zhang Jian went to Huangxian County in Dengzhou with Jun Qing.
1882 (the eighth year of Guangxu), a "mutiny at noon" occurred in North Korea. Japan took the opportunity to send warships to Incheon, and Wu Changqing was ordered to supervise the division to help North Korea put down the rebellion in order to prevent Japanese forces from expanding. Zhang Jian went to Seoul with the Qing army from the sea, drafted a brief account of North Korea for Wu Changqing, wrote political articles such as Renwulue and Six Strategies for the Aftermath, and advocated a tough policy, which was appreciated by Pan Zuyin and Weng Tonghe, leaders of the "Liu Qing" South School.
1884 (10th year of Guangxu reign), he was transferred back to China with Wu Changqing and stationed in Jinzhou. Yuan Shikai stayed in North Korea to take over the "Qing Zi camp". Wu Changqing died soon, leaving Jun Qing to study in his hometown and prepare for the exam. 1885, Shuntianfu township entrance examination, 1894 (20th year of Guangxu), Empress Dowager Cixi set up Cohen examination on her 60th birthday, won the first place in the examination and was awarded the Hanlin Academy. 1904, the Qing government awarded him three titles. 1909 was promoted to the speaker of Jiangsu Consultative Bureau. 19 10 initiated a congressional petition. 19 1 1 served as the president of central education, the interim speaker of Jiangsu provincial parliament and the premier of Jiangsu province. 19 12 years, he drafted the abdication edict. After the establishment of Nanjing government, he served as the chief of industry, 19 12 as the chief of agriculture, industry and commerce of Beiyang government and the chief of national water conservancy, and 19 14 as the director of national water conservancy. After witnessing the invasion of foreign powers, he resolutely gave up his official position and embarked on the road of saving the country through industry. 1July 926 17 died at the age of 73.
2, the establishment of industry:
1894- 1895 The Sino-Japanese War of 1895 broke out, and the national crisis intensified the contradictions between the two parties after the emperor. The "clean stream" headed by Weng Tonghe supported Emperor Guangxu, and there were many discussions about the main battle. Its main target is Li Hongzhang, who fears the sun like a tiger. In fact, it is to attack the post-party of the Lord and try to win some real power for the emperor who has the name of "pro-government". Zhang Jian, the top scholar of the new discipline who was famous for a while, quickly became the leader of "Qingliu" and the decision-making figure among the disciples of "Wengmen" because of his similar historical origins and political opinions. However, in the main battle, when the Lord and the two factions fought fiercely, Zhang Jian returned to the system because of his father's funeral.
At the beginning of the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), Zhang Zhidong, acting governor of Liangjiang, sent Zhang Jian to organize an ocean-going group training to prevent the Japanese navy from invading the lower reaches of the Yangtze River at any time. Because the Qing government was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the treaty of shimonoseki was signed, and the sailing yong ying fell by the wayside. At the end of the same year, he joined the Shanghai Strong Society organized by Kang Youwei.
At the beginning of the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896), Zhang Zhidong sent Zhang Jian, Ding to set up commercial bureaus in Tongzhou, Suzhou and Zhenjiang respectively, and Zhang Jian set up cotton mills in Nantong and Suzhou respectively.
Sheng Da cotton mill was originally identified as a commercial office. Zhang Jian tried to raise funds through official investment promotion office and joint venture between government and business, but the results were very small and the funds raised were very limited. Zhang Jian had no choice but to ask the government for help. 1896,1/kloc-0 In June, Zhang Jian put Zhang Zhidong's "Westernization" in the 19th year of Guangxu (1893) in Shanghai with official funds. Sheng Xuanhuai, who monopolized Westernization enterprises in the form of official supervision and commercial office and joint venture between official and commercial enterprises, was also buying machines, so he divided these machines with Zhang Jian, each with 20,400 ingots, at a price of 252,000 official shares and 252,000 commercial shares. Official shares do not count profits and losses, but only take official profits by year, which has become a "gentry-led business" nature.
In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), Sheng Da Cotton Mill officially broke ground at Taozhuba, Tangjiazha, west of Tongzhou, and was completed and put into operation the following year. After several years of dismal operation, Sheng Da Cotton Mill has gradually grown. By the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), the factory had increased its capital by 632,000, with more than 20,000 spindles. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), Sheng Da No.2 Factory was established in Chongming jiulong town (now Qidong City), with a capital of100000 yuan and 26000 spindles. By the third year of Xuantong (19 1 1), the total net profit of Sheng Da No.1 and No.2 factories was about 3.7 million yuan. Starting from 190 1, with the support of Liu Kunyi, governor of the two rivers, coastal wasteland was reclaimed at the junction of Lvsi and Haimen, and a cotton mill with 65,438+10,000 mu of cultivated land-the raw cotton base of Tonghai Reclamation Animal Husbandry Company was built.
With the continuous accumulation of capital, Zhang Jian founded Guangsheng Oil Factory, Fuxing Flour Factory and Zisheng Metallurgical Factory in Tangzha, and gradually formed Tangzha Town Industrial Zone. At the same time, in order to facilitate the transportation of equipment, machinery and goods, he built a port along the river west of Tangzha-Tiansheng Port. Later, a power plant was built in Tiansheng Port, and a road was opened between towns, making Tiansheng Port gradually become Nantong at that time. The appearance of modern warp spinning industry at the end of 19 changed Nantong's urban function from exchange type to production type, and Nantong became one of the early national capitalist industrial bases in China.
The development of national industry needs science and technology, which prompted Zhang Jian to set up a school and first devoted himself to normal education. In February of the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Zhang Jian was invited by Liu Kunyi, the governor of the two rivers, to discuss the promotion of learning in Jiangning. Liu Kunyi agreed, but was stopped by San Francisco Wu, Xun Daoxu and Yan Daohu. Zhang Jian sighed, but he planned to set up an autotrophic normal school in Tongzhou with Luo Shuyun, Tang Shouqian and other colleagues. The plan is that Zhang Jian has earned 20 thousand yuan at public expense with interest since he took office in Tongzhou Cotton Mill for five years, encouraging him to set up subsidies. On July 9, the same year, Tongzhou Normal School chose the Qianfo Temple in the southeast of Nantong as the school site to start construction, and the school officially opened the following year. This is the first normal school in China, and its construction marks the beginning of the specialized organ of normal education in China.
Zhang Jian was also the leader of the constitutional movement in the late Qing Dynasty, and presided over and initiated three congressional petition movements.
When he was minister of industry and commerce in the Republic of China, he pointed out that the past measures were "unintentionally guiding people to start businesses", which was wasteful and ineffective. In the future, Ministry-run enterprises should stop and listen to the opinions of ordinary people.
During his lifetime, he advocated "saving the country through industry" and "saving the country through education" and organized many factories, enterprises and educational and cultural undertakings. Although his "saving the country through industry" could not save the old China in peril, it was beneficial to the social, economic and cultural development at that time. His mother Jin is from Dongtai. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, he also set up many enterprises and institutions in Dongtai, his mother's hometown, which made certain contributions to the local economic and cultural development of Dongtai. For example, in the eighth year of the Republic of China (19 19), a normal school was founded in Dongtai, named "Mother Normal School". The school is located in Wangjiashe, the eastern suburb of Taicheng, with more than 100 school buildings. The former site of Dongming Electric Appliance Co., Ltd. founded by Dongming Electric Appliance Co., Ltd. is still in Daiyuqiao, Dongtai City.
In addition to reclaiming large areas of land in Tonghai, Yanfu and other areas and setting up salt reclamation companies, Zhang Jian also established Dalai (located in Jiaoxie in 6 years of the Republic of China), Dafeng (located in Xituan in 7 years of the Republic of China), Tongshui (located in Shen Zao in 8 years of the Republic of China) and Zhongfu in Dongtai County. The investment of these companies is more than one million yuan, ranging from several hundred thousand yuan to several hundred thousand mu.
Abandon stoves to open up wasteland, develop cotton planting and solve the raw materials needed to run a cotton mill. In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), Zhang Jian also established the Taifang for the poor in Henan at the south gate of Taicheng, with more than 80 houses covering an area of 30 mu, and hired workers to produce towels, rattan and sewing. In 8 years of the Republic of China, Zhang Jian bought Dongtai Rong Tai Electric Company built by Shanghainese, renamed it Dongming Electric Company, and increased its share capital and purchased parts. Power generation began in the autumn of that year, which solved the lighting difficulties of streets and some users. In the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), Zhang Jian founded Nantong Dadalunbu (Buwei Bureau), which was the first to open the outer river route, and later established Dada Shipping Company to open the inland river route in northern Jiangsu. Kaitai-East-Salt Class runs once a day, and the salt river is transported from Taizhou to Dongtai, and then from Dongtai to Yancheng. Later, a branch company was established in Dongtai, and ship stations were set up in towns along the line to handle freight and passenger transport, which developed the waterway transportation between Dongtai and neighboring counties.