Individual-oriented theory is an ideological proposition that values people above social values and regards people as the fundamental purpose of education. Its characteristics are: attaching importance to people's value, personality development and their needs, and taking people's personality development and the satisfaction of their needs as the value of education; It is believed that the fundamental purpose of education lies in the natural development of human nature and instinct and the satisfaction of their needs.
It is advocated to establish the educational purpose according to the "natural need" of human nature development and self-improvement, and to stipulate the educational purpose according to the needs of human nature and development. Representative figures include Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Kant, Maslow, Sartre and so on.
Social standard theory is an ideological proposition that regards meeting social needs as the fundamental value of education. It holds that society is the foundation of human survival and development, and education is a social activity to cultivate people. The effect of education and training can only be measured by its social function. Without social needs, education cannot meet social needs. Representative figures are: Natop, Stayner, Comte and Durkheim.
Extended data:
In the practice of preschool education, the "child-oriented" and "social-oriented" in preschool education are not opposite poles, but a state of mutual blending, but in different cultural backgrounds and historical periods, the proportion of these two orientations is different.
In the culture and era of advocating individual development, the value orientation of children-oriented preschool education will be more respected by people, while in the culture and era of advocating collective value, the value orientation of social-oriented preschool education will become the mainstream.
The difficulty in dealing with the value orientation of educational purpose lies in how to find a suitable value balance point under the specific time and space background in order to provide the most effective help for preschool children as much as possible.