From 65438 to 0904, Li Siguang was selected to study in Japan because of his excellent academic performance. In Japan, he accepted the influence of anti-Manchu revolutionary thoughts with Han nationalism, and became the youngest member of the League led by Sun Yat-sen, taking "expelling the Tatars and restoring China" as his own responsibility. Sun Yat-sen admired Li Siguang's ambition: "It is very good and ambitious for you to engage in revolution at such a young age." I also gave him eight words: "study hard and become the use of the country."
19 10, Li Siguang returned from Japan. After Wuchang Uprising, he was appointed as a member of the Ministry of Finance of Hubei Military Government, and was later elected as the Minister of Industry. After Yuan Shikai came to power, the revolutionaries were excluded, and Li Siguang left the motherland again to study at Birmingham University in England. 19 18, Li Siguang, who got his master's degree, decided to return to work. On the way, in order to understand Russia after the October Revolution, I also made a special trip to Moscow.
From 1920, Li Siguang served as a professor and head of the department of geology in Peking University, and from 1928, he went to Nanjing as the director of the Institute of Geology of Chinese Academy of Sciences and was elected as the president of geological society of china. He led students and researchers to travel in the wild all the year round and traveled all over the country. He has given lectures in Europe and America for many times, attended academic conferences and inspected geological structures.
1in the autumn of 949, shortly after the founding of New China, Li Siguang, who was abroad, was invited to become a member of the CPPCC. After getting the news, he immediately made preparations for returning to China. At this time, a friend in London called him and told him that the ambassador of the Kuomintang government in Britain had received a secret order to publicly declare that he refused to accept the position of CPPCC, or he would be detained. Li Siguang made a decisive decision and left London for France alone. Two weeks later, Xu Shubin of Li Furen received a letter from Li Siguang, saying that he had arrived in Basel on the Swiss-German border. The couple bought a boat ticket from Italy to Hong Kong in Basel and secretly set off for home in 1949 and 65438+February respectively.
Li Siguang, who returned to the embrace of New China, was entrusted with an important task, successively serving as Minister of Geology, Vice President of China Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the National Association for Science and Technology and Vice Chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Although he is old, he is still fighting in the front line of scientific research and national construction, and has made great contributions to China's geology, oil exploration and construction. 1958, Li Siguang came to China through the introduction of He Changgong and Zhang Jinfu, and became a communist fighter from a national Democrat. After 1960s, Li Siguang's health became worse and worse due to overwork, but he devoted himself to earthquake prediction, prediction and geothermal utilization with great enthusiasm and energy. 1971On April 29th, Li Siguang died of illness at the age of 82.
Li Siguang's greatest contribution is to establish geomechanics, study the phenomenon of crustal movement from the mechanical point of view, explore the laws of geological movement and mineral distribution, the characteristics of the new Cathaysian tectonic system, and analyze the geological conditions in China, which shows that there must be oil on the land of China. Theoretically, it overturns the conclusion that China is poor in oil and affirms that China has good oil storage conditions. After listening to the report carefully, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai supported his point of view, and according to his suggestion, they started a large-scale oil survey in Songliao Plain and North China Plain. From 65438 to 0956, he personally presided over the oil survey and exploration. In a very short period of time, he successively discovered Daqing, Shengli, Dagang, Huabei, Jianghan and other oil fields, and made immortal contributions to China's oil industry. From the late 1950s to the 1960s, the exploration departments successively discovered the major oilfields such as Nianji Oilfield, Dagang Oilfield, Shengli Oilfield and Huabei Oilfield. When the national construction was in urgent need of energy, rolling oil appeared. In this way, not only did China get rid of the "poor oil" hat, but Li Siguang's original geomechanics theory was also the most powerful proof.
Li Siguang
"saving the country through science"
In the east of the Institute of Geomechanics in the western suburbs of Beijing, there is a long and narrow path, which was called "Li Siguang Road" because Li Siguang walked on it every day before his death.
Today, this road has been broadened and become lively, but the image of Li Siguang will remain in people's memory forever, and the long and tortuous road he has traveled in his life still gives many inspirations. ...
18891kloc-0/October 26th, Li Siguang was born in a poor family in Zhangjiawan, Huangfeng County, Hubei Province. His original name is Li Zhongmai.
Li Siguang lived in the countryside for nearly 14 years. Since the age of five or six, he has been studying in the private school where his father teaches, and he has to help his mother with firewood, rice, flour grinding and water fetching ... The hard life has cultivated his hard-working spirit and stubborn character.
After the revolution of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Westernization Schools sprang up, and many new schools were established in Hubei, aiming at learning new things and being unconventional. Li Siguang was deeply attracted. He took the exam alone and was admitted with excellent results.
In the new school, he is eager to learn new knowledge. Because he won the first place in every exam, he was selected as a formal student in the province and sent to Japan to study shipbuilding.
Li Siguang stayed in Japan for seven years, where he joined the China League led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. ..
In the second year after Li Siguang returned to China, the Revolution of 1911 broke out, and he took part in the defense of Hankou. As a newly appointed financial department of Hubei military government, he personally organized dockers and rickshaw pullers to transport arms and go to the front. Subsequently, he was elected as the Minister of Industry of Hubei Military Government. Just as Li Siguang was about to do something great, the Revolution of 1911 failed. He devoted himself to the research of science and technology and embarked on the road of "saving the country through science". He went to study in England, first studying mining, then studying geology. He prayed that one day, he could see a politically clear world and contribute his youth and blood to the motherland.
Studying abroad is not easy. In order to maintain the rising tuition, Li Siguang went to work in the mine during the holidays. During his six years in Birmingham University, he not only achieved excellent academic results, but also mastered English, and obtained a bachelor's degree and a doctor's degree successively. After graduation, he politely refused a well-paid employment in a mine, accepted the invitation of Mr. Cai Yuanpei, returned to the motherland, and became a professor in the Geology Department of Peking University.
Discovery of Quaternary Glaciers
After arriving at the Geology Department of Peking University, Li Siguang taught two courses, Petrology and Advanced Petrology. He won the respect of students with his rigorous metallurgical style. He often takes students to the field for field teaching, watching and chatting. He never let go of a hill, a valley, a pile of stones and a row of cracks. The school was short of funds, so he led the students to clean up the learning environment very quietly.
While teaching, he did not relax his research work. His major contributions to geology in his life, such as the identification method of paleontology, the discovery of Quaternary glaciers in China and the establishment of geomechanics, all began in this period. In the process of research, he was never bound by the existing viewpoints and theories, but looked for the truth that has not been recognized and mastered by people according to the laws of nature. So he can constantly put forward creative ideas and dare to challenge some old ideas.
For example, since the19th century, geologists from Germany, the United States, France, Sweden and other countries have been coming to China to explore minerals and investigate geology. However, none of them have found glaciers in China. Therefore, in the field of geology, "China has no Quaternary glaciers" has become a conclusion. However, in the process of studying arachnids, Li Siguang found some rocks that looked like glacier stripes at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain. He continued to investigate in Datong basin and became more and more convinced of his own judgment. So he boldly put forward the view that there are Quaternary glaciers in China at the third general meeting of the general membership in geological society of china. An Tesheng, a Swedish geologist and consultant of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, laughed scornfully and denied it.
In order to make people accept this fact, he continued to look for more glacial remains. 10 years later, he not only concluded that there were a large number of glacial remains in Lushan Mountain, but also believed that the Quaternary glaciers in China were mainly valley glaciers, which could be divided into three glacial periods.
When Li Siguang's academic views were published in the National Geological Society again, it caused the famous Lushan debate in 1934. In semi-feudal and semi-colonial old China, scientists in China were inferior, and quite a few foreign scholars came to China with nationalism and racial discrimination. Therefore, despite a large number of facts, several foreign scholars have not changed their views.
1936, Li Siguang visited Huangshan again and wrote a paper on Quaternary Glacier Phenomenon in Huangshan, Anhui. This article and several photos of glacier phenomenon have attracted the attention of some Chinese and foreign scholars. Felsmann, a German geology professor, praised him after returning to Huangshan Mountain: "This is an earth-shattering discovery." Li Siguang's efforts for more than ten years were publicly recognized by foreign scientists for the first time. However, he knew it was not enough. He simply moved his family to Lushan Mountain, and established a glacier exhibition hall at the foot of Lushan Mountain, named "White Stone Exhibition Hall" (which was later bombed by the Kuomintang navy) to conduct more in-depth and detailed glacier research.
Li Siguang's research on glaciers for many years was comprehensively expounded in Lushan Mountain in the Ice Age, which was completed in 1937. Unfortunately, due to the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, this book was published after 10 years.
Return to China to find oil fields
From 65438 to 0927, at the invitation of Cai Yuanpei, Li Siguang left Beijing for the south to take charge of the preparation of the Institute of Geology. 1928 1 Institute of Geology was established with Li Siguang as its director. Geological research often requires eating and drinking, and the conditions are very difficult. Moreover, the newly established research institute lacks funds, equipment and even a fixed address. Li Siguang and his institute suffered a lot during the eight-year Anti-Japanese War. At that time, he smoked papyrus cigarettes and wore homespun clothes, and his life was very poor. However, he and his colleagues never gave up geological research. Due to the hardship of life and the fatigue of work, he suffered from angina pectoris and tuberculosis.
1948 In early February, Li Siguang left Shanghai for London to attend 18 International Geological Society, and his wife Xu Shubin also went with him. After the meeting, they lived in the British Isles for another year to recuperate and observe the development of the situation at home and abroad.
1949 At the beginning of April, the China delegation led by Guo Moruo went to Prague to attend the World Peacekeeping Conference. Before going abroad, Guo Moruo took a letter to Li Siguang according to Zhou Enlai's instructions, asking him to return home as soon as possible. Li Siguang read this letter signed by Guo Moruo and was very excited. The new China will stand in the east of the world, where its skills can be displayed and its ambitions can be realized. He is on the run and ready to return to China as soon as possible. However, due to the influence of World War II, the passenger ship tickets from Britain to the Far East had to be booked a year ago and the return date had to be postponed. While recuperating, he finished the legacy of scientific research.
Li Siguang waited anxiously for the date of departure. One day, a friend in London called Li Siguang and told him that the Kuomintang embassy in Britain had received a secret order to ask Li Siguang to make a public statement denying People's Republic of China (PRC) and refusing to accept the appointment of its National Committee by the China People's Political Consultative Conference, otherwise he would be in danger of being detained.
The situation was urgent, so Li Siguang made a decisive decision. He picked up a small leather bag and soon went to Plymouth Harbor, where he would cross the English Channel and go to France first. Plymouth Port is a remote freight passage, with a wide sea surface and great waves. Generally, people don't cross the sea from here, so they can avoid being tracked by Kuomintang agents. Before he left, he wrote a letter to the ambassador to Britain and asked Xu Shubin to post it two days later. The next day, the Kuomintang embassy in Britain sent someone to find Li Siguang, and Xu Shubin told the visitors warily that Li Siguang had gone out to inspect.
Two days later, Xu Shubin sent a letter from Li Siguang, which wrote: People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) is an ideal country that I have missed day and night for many years. The Government Council of the Central People's Government is the government that I fully support. I think it is a great honor for me to be elected as a member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. I have returned to China to take up my post. He also advised the ambassador to get rid of the Kuomintang government that brought disaster to the country and people as soon as possible and return to the embrace of the bright motherland. ...
Two weeks later, Xu Shubin received a letter from Li Siguang and learned that he had arrived in Basel on the Swiss-German border and immediately went to meet him.
1950 On May 6th, Li Siguang finally arrived in Beijing. He is 60 years old this year, but he feels that a new life has just begun.
The birth of the new China opened a new chapter in Li Siguang's scientific career. He was appointed Vice President of China Academy of Sciences, Minister of Geology and President of Science Federation.
He earnestly studied Mao Zedong's theory of practice, contradiction and Engels' dialectics of nature, and tried to guide his work and scientific research with dialectical materialism. He pays attention to theoretical study as well as his own ideological transformation. "he is determined to throw away those old burdens ... and reach the state of selflessness"; He devoted himself wholeheartedly to the geological cause of the motherland and devoted himself to it. Under his specific leadership, China's geological work has made great achievements; 1958 gloriously joined China.
At the beginning of the first five-year plan, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou asked Li Siguang: What is the prospect of natural oil in China?
As early as 19 15 to 19 17, a drilling team of Mobil Oil Company drilled seven exploratory wells in the pumice area of northern Shaanxi, costing 3 million US dollars, but left because of poor harvest. 1922, Professor Blake Wilde from Stanford University in the United States came to China to inspect the geology and wrote the article "Oil Resources in China and Siberia", and came to the conclusion that China was poor in oil. Since then, "China's Theory of Poor Oil" has spread. However, Li Siguang put forward in 1928 according to his own research on geological structure: "The failure of Mobil does not prove that China has no oil fields to operate." Later, in his book Geology of China, he once again suggested that the subsidence of the Neocathaysian tectonic system "may reveal sediments with important economic value". These deposits are about oil.
So Li Siguang answered the national question optimistically: "Our underground oil reserves are huge. From the northeast plain, across the Bohai Bay, to the North China Plain, and then to the southern Hunan-Hubei region, we can do our work.
1955, the census team went to the front line. In a few years, hundreds of possible oil storage structures have been discovered. 1June, 958, the good news came: Daqing Oilfield with large scale and high output was discovered. The Ministry of Geology immediately moved the team to Bohai Bay and the alluvial plain in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Later, Dagang Oilfield and Shengli Oilfield were successively built. The geological department moved to other plains, basins and shallow seas to continue fighting.
1964 12 Premier Zhou pointed out in the "Government Work Report" of the First Session of the Third National People's Congress: "Daqing Oilfield built in the First Five-Year Plan was discovered on the basis of the original petroleum geology theory of China geologists." Li Siguang's work has been fully affirmed by the Party and the country.