The pre-custom level appears in kindergartens and middle and lower grades of primary schools, which shows that individuals pay attention to the concrete results of characters' behavior and their own interests, and believe that the value of morality is not determined by people and norms, but by external requirements. It is divided into punishment and obedience moral orientation stage and relative utilitarian moral orientation stage. Punishment and obedience to moral orientation stage: obedience to the outside, from the perspective of behavior results, there is no real moral concept, the punished behavior is bad, and the praised behavior is good; The moral orientation stage of relative utilitarianism: for Kohlberg? Heinz stole drugs? When studying the development of moral cognition, this story thinks that Heinz should steal medicine at this stage, because his wife can be saved and they will be reunited in the future. At this stage, the mentality of interest exchange is held, and the purpose of obedience is to get returns.
The level of custom has changed from obeying the outside to obeying social customs. It is divided into the stage of seeking identity and the stage of moral orientation of maintaining peace and order. Orientation stage of seeking identity: also known as? Good boy? Children in the orientation stage are guided by the harmony of interpersonal relationships, obey the traditional requirements, conform to everyone's opinions, and seek everyone's appreciation and recognition. For example, the teacher told everyone that students who are not late can get small red flowers, so Xiao Ming is never late because he thinks getting small red flowers is a good boy. Moral orientation stage of maintenance or order: children in this stage are obedient, they abide by social norms, public order, respect the law, judge right and wrong with the concept of legal system, and know and understand the law.
The post-custom level has gone beyond the scope of law. It is divided into social contract orientation stage and moral orientation stage of universal principles. Orientation stage of social contract: it is believed that the provisions of contract and law are not absolute and can be changed at the request of most people. In the face of Heinz's predicament, Heinz should steal medicine, because the value of human life is far greater than the personal property ownership of pharmacists. The stage of moral orientation of universal principles: also known as the stage of principle or conscience orientation, is the highest stage of moral judgment, which is manifested in thinking based on the most universal principles of justice, equality and dignity. At this stage, Heinz should steal medicine, because nothing is more valuable than human life compared with all kinds of things that can be considered. For example, 20 14 Zhao Zhen's principle of equality and respect for the dignity and rights of others is at this stage.
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