China riots (Republican government)
The China Uprising (Republican government) in western Zhou Liwang was very cruel. The mountains and rivers that China people (civilians) could freely use were nationalized and banned from China people. The people of China are strongly dissatisfied with this and have denounced and condemned it. Zhou Liwang ordered the wizard to watch these people. In 84 1 year BC, riots broke out in China. Chinese people rushed into the palace, and Li Wang fled hastily and fled to Bibi (now huozhou city, Shanxi). After Li Wang left, the state affairs were under the control of the Duke of Zhou and the people, which was called "Republican government" in history. The first year of the Republic of China, that is, 84 1 year BC, was the beginning of China's exact uninterrupted chronology. ?
Liyang, Qin Dou
In the second year (before 383), Qin moved its capital to Xiangyang, from Yongcheng (now Fengxiang in Baoji City) to Xiangyang (now Wutun Township in yanliang district City). In 356 BC, Shang Yang presided over the political reform here. In 349 BC, Qin Xiaogong moved the capital to Xianyang. ?
Qinjian epanggong
Epang Palace in Qin Bamboo Slips After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, a large-scale branch library was built. In the thirty-fifth year of the First Emperor (2 12 BC), Gong Chao was built in Shanglinyuan, south of Weihe River. Because the project was too big, only the front hall was built when the first emperor was in office. The front hall of Epang Palace is 500 steps from east to west and 50 feet from north to south, which can accommodate 10,000 people. It is surrounded by a "Pavilion Road", reaching Zhong Nanshan in the south, crossing the Weihe River in the north and connecting with Xianyang. Qin Shihuang also collected weapons from all over the world and cast twelve golden men (bronze men) standing in front of the temple. There are walls in the east, west and north of the front hall, which is called "Acheng". After the death of the first emperor, Hu Hai II continued this huge project, which was costly and costly. It was not completely completed until Qin died. After Xiang Yu entered the customs, he set fire to it. ?
Hongmen Banquet-A banquet with ulterior motives
In 206 BC, Xiang Yu attacked Qin Jun in Hanguguan (now northeast of lingbao city, Henan Province) and entered Hongmen (now northeast of Lintong District). Previously, Liu Bang had entered the customs from Wuguan (now Lantian County), accepted the surrender of Zi Ying, king of Qin, and was stationed in Baqiao District, east of Xi 'an. According to Chu Huaiwang's agreement with them, Liu Bang took the forerunner as the king of Guanzhong, but considering Xiang Yu's arrogance and powerful power, he had to invite Liu Bang to visit Xiang Yu. During the dinner, Fan Zeng, the counselor of Xiang Yu, motioned for Xiang Yu to kill Liu Bang several times, but Xiang Yu didn't listen. Fan Zeng also ordered Xiangzhuang to dance the sword in front of the table and assassinate Liu Bang in the name of entertainment, but failed. With the help of Sean and Fan Kuai, Liu Bang escaped from danger and fled back to the dam. This is a turning point in the dispute between Chu and Han. After that, Liu bang made great efforts to get on the horse and finally defeated Xiang Yu; Xiang Yu also tasted the evil consequences of "returning the tiger to the mountain". ?
The capital of Gao Han is Chang 'an.
In May, the sixth year of Gao Han's capital Chang 'an (20 1 BC), Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu and made his capital Luoyang. Lou Jing, Sean and others think that Guanzhong is a land of victory, with a large population and rich products, and suggest that Guanzhong be built as its capital. Liu Bang adopted this suggestion and moved the capital to Liyang (now Wutun Township, yanliang district). The following year, the capital moved from Liyang to Chang 'an. The Western Han Dynasty lasted 12 years and died in Xin Mang in 8 AD. ?
Chang 'an City was built in the Western Han Dynasty.
Chang 'an City was built in the fifth year of the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC), and Chang 'an City was built in the Western Han Dynasty. Gao Han appointed Prime Minister Xiao He to be responsible for the construction project, and built Changle Palace (Palace) on the basis of Qin Xingle Palace and Weiyang Palace on the basis of Qin Zhangtai. During the Hui Di period, Jingzhao, Fengyi and Fufeng counties collected more than 300,000 people to build city walls twice, which took four years to complete. Seoul is an irregular square. The south is like Beidou, and the north is like Beidou, so it is called "Doucheng". There are nine main streets in the city, and palace office buildings and residential buildings are mixed together. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Guigong, Gong Bei, Mingguang Palace and Zhangjian Palace were built, and Shanglinyuan and Kunming Pool were opened in the west of the city. At that time, Chang 'an, with an area of 36 square kilometers, was the largest city in the world. Chang 'an City was repeatedly destroyed in the Han Dynasty, and it was continuously repaired after the Han Dynasty. It was once the capital of Xin Mang, the Eastern Han Dynasty (Xian Di), the former Zhao Dynasty, the former Qin Dynasty, the Western Jin Dynasty (Yu), the later Qin Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty, it was abandoned. ?
Zhang Qian opens the Silk Road in the Western Regions.
In the third year of Liang Wudi (BC 138), Zhang Qian opened the Silk Road to the Western Regions. Zhang Qian was recruited to set out from Chang 'an and go to the Western Regions to look for Da Yue who was expelled from Xiongnu and moved westward, so as to contain Xiongnu. In the third year of Yuan Shuo (126), Zhang Qian returned to Chang 'an from Da Yue (now northern Afghanistan). In 1 19 BC, Zhang Qian made his second mission to the western regions. In 65438 BC+065438 BC+05 BC, he accompanied dozens of envoys of Wusun (now an ancient tribe of Yili River in Xinjiang and Issyk Kul Lake in Central Asia) back to Chang 'an, which was a big trip. The 7000-kilometer-long "Silk Road" from Chang 'an to the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea has been opened since then, which has become a channel for economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West and has a far-reaching impact on cultural exchanges between the East and the West. ?
Chang 'an Imperial College was founded.
Chang 'an imperial academy was founded in the fifth year of the Han and Yuan Dynasties (BC 124). Prime Minister Gong and others gave permission to build imperial academy, set up 50 disciples (namely teachers) for Dr. Jason Wu, and built imperial academy Building outside Nan 'anmen (now Datumen North, Lianhu District) in Chang 'an, which was the earliest national institution of higher learning in China. ?
The capital of Xin Mang is Chang 'an.
Xin Mang designated Chang 'an as its capital. Taken in the third year of the Western Han Dynasty (8). In November, follwed proclaimed himself emperor, made Chang 'an his capital, and changed his name to new. In the first month of the following year, Chang 'an was changed to Chang 'an. ?
Liu Xuan proclaimed himself emperor.
Liu Xuan proclaimed himself Emperor Xindi for four years (23), and the generals of Greenwood Heroes made Liu Xuan, a descendant of the imperial clan of the Western Han Dynasty and a big landlord in Nanyang, Henan Province, emperor, with the title of "Han" and "starting a new stove". In 24 AD, the renewed regime moved from Luoyang to Chang 'an. In the third year (25th), Liu Xuan was strangled by the Red Eyebrow Army. ?
Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty moved the capital to Chang 'an.
In the first month of the first year (190) when Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty moved the capital to Chang 'an, Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu rose from the Bohai Sea, launched the Kanto counties, organized the allied forces, and entered the customs as Dong Zhuo. Under the threat of being sandwiched between the Kanto Allied Forces and the Yellow Scarf Army, Dong Zhuo killed Hongnong Wang (the little emperor Liu Bian) and moved Xian Di to Chang 'an. Before he left, he burned down Luoyang Palace, yamen and private houses, and rode horses to drive the people westward into Chang 'an. ?
Chen ascended the throne of Chang 'an in the Western Jin Dynasty.
In April of the first year of Jin Jianxing's accession to the throne in the Western Jin Dynasty (3 13), the Crown Prince Sima Ye proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an. In the fourth year of lite (3 16), Yudi was killed by Liu Yao, and the Western Jin Dynasty perished. ?
Liu Yao moved the capital to Chang 'an.
In April (3 19), before Liu Yao moved to Chang 'an, Xiongnu Liu Yao moved to Chang 'an from Puzi (now Xixian County, Shanxi Province). In June, the country was renamed Zhao, which was called Qian Zhao in history. In the second year of Zhao Taihe (329), it was destroyed by the Jiezu Shile. ?
The former Qin Dynasty made Chang 'an its capital.
In the first year of the Qin Dynasty (35 1), the former Qin Dynasty made Chang 'an its capital, and Fu Jian, a barbarian, was called the King of Great Khan in Chang 'an. In the first year of the late Qin Dynasty (386), it was destroyed by Yao Chang for 35 years. ?
Chang 'an, the capital of the late Qin Dynasty.
In February (386), the first year after the capital of Chang 'an was established in the late Qin Dynasty, Yao Chang, a native, proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an, with the title of Daqin, which was known as the late Qin Dynasty in history. Change Chang 'an to Chang 'an. Yonghe died in the second year (4 17), which lasted 3 1 year. ?
Helian Bobo proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an.
Helian Bobo proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an in the 14th year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (4 18). Helian Bobo, a Hun, entered Chang 'an and proclaimed himself emperor in December. The following year, he returned to Tongcheng, with Chang 'an as the south platform, and his son even guarded it. ?
Chang 'an, the capital of Western Wei Dynasty
In 534 AD1February, Chang 'an in the Western Wei Dynasty and Yongxi in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the prime minister Yu Wentai poisoned Emperor Xiaowu. The following year, Yuanbao, a native of Xianbei, named Nanyang King Emperor, governing western Wei Wendi and making its capital Chang 'an. It died in 557 AD and lasted for 23 years. ?
Chang 'an, the capital of Northern Zhou Dynasty
In the first month of the first year of Chang 'an, the capital of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (557), Yu Wenjue, his son, was called the King of the Western Wei Dynasty in Chang 'an, and changed his country name to Zhou to be filial to the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In the second year of Xiang Dynasty (580), Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was called Sui by Zen, which lasted for 23 years. ?
Sui Jiandu Chang 'an
In 580, the capital of the Sui Dynasty was Chang 'an, an elephant in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Emperor Wendi of Sui, the consort of the prime minister who mastered the power of state affairs, coerced Yu Wenchan, the static emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, to change the name of Sui, with Chang 'an as the capital. ?
Sui Jian da xing cheng
At the beginning of the founding of the Sui Dynasty, the capital was still in Chang 'an Old Town, which was destroyed by war. Moreover, the palace is small in shape and cannot meet the needs of the newly-built unified national capital. In addition, urban sewage has been deposited for hundreds of years, and it is difficult to discharge at the bottom, and the supply of drinking water is also a problem. Therefore, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty abandoned the old Chang 'an City north of Longshouyuan and chose the new site in the southeast of Han Chang 'an City south of Longshouyuan. In the first month of the second year of Emperor Kai (582), Yuwen Kai was ordered to design and build a new city-Daxing City, which was completed in March the following year. Referring to Luoyang City in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Chengnan, the capital of Yedu in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, and Beiqi, Yuwen Kai took six high slopes south of Longshouyuan as six strategic points, and took them as the core as the geographical basis for the overall planning of Chang 'an City. "Liupo" is the skeleton of Daxing City, with palaces, government agencies and temples all above it, which is in sharp contrast with ordinary residential areas. In the lowlands between Yuan Gang and Yuan Gang, in addition to residential areas, canals are opened to divert water and lakes are dug, which increases the water area of the city. Daxing City makes full use of the advantages of the terrain, increases the three-dimensional space and looks more magnificent. The layout of Daxing City is uniform and rectangular. The whole city consists of Miyagi, Imperial City and Outer Guo Cheng, and its layout is completely symmetrical from east to west. Areas outside Guo Cheng account for about 88%? 8%, the substantial expansion of residential areas is a major feature of the overall design of Daxing city. ?
Establish the imperial examination system
In the 18th year of Emperor Kaidi of Sui Dynasty (598), Emperor Wendi ordered Beijing officials to have more than five grades, and the general manager was the Imperial Examination, so as to be honest, clean and helpful. In the third year of Daye (607), Yang Di appointed ten imperial examination officials, which marked the determination of the imperial examination system. In the Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination system was further improved, which was divided into two types: formal and systematic. Annual examinations are often held, including Scholar, Mingjing, Jinshi, Farming, Shu Ming, Shu Ming and Boys. The imperial examination takes the emperor's own name as the standard, and includes such subjects as kind words, erudition, martial arts, military strategy and talent. ?
Tang Gaozu declared itself the capital of Chang 'an to fight against the Sui Dynasty.
In February (6 17), the thirteenth year of Li Yuan's anti-Sui Dynasty, Taiyuan stayed behind, and Li Yuan of Tang Palace rose up against Sui Dynasty. His son Li Shimin occupied Weibei in Guanzhong, while his younger brother Li Shentong and his daughter Princess Pingyang rose in Huxian and occupied Zhouzhi and other counties. Brother-in-law Duan Lun responded in Lantian. 1 1 month, Emperor Sun of Sui Wen was appointed Emperor Yangdi, and he became the great prime minister and the king of the Tang Dynasty. The following year, he proclaimed himself emperor in Tai Chi Hall in Daxing City and established the Tang Dynasty. ?
Chang 'an City, Tang Jian
After the Tang Dynasty established Chang 'an City with Chang 'an as its capital, Daxing City in Sui Dynasty was changed to Chang 'an City, and additional repairs and expansions were carried out. In the eighth year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan (634), Daming Palace was built on the site of the former Longshou in the northeast of Guo Cheng. In the fifth year of Yonghui in Tang Gaozong (654), the Waiguo City Wall was rebuilt twice, and towers were built on nine gates in the east, west and south. In the second year of Longshuo (662), Emperor Gaozong ordered a large-scale expansion of Daming Palace. In the second year of Li Longji Kaiyuan (7 14), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty built Xingqing Palace in Chunmingmen Qin Long Square in the east of Guocheng. In addition, in the 14th year of Kaiyuan (726), 24th year of Kaiyuan (736) and 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Emperor Xianzong respectively built three parallel sections of city walls outside the east and north walls of Waiguo, and named them "Jiacheng". ?
Wang Xiaotong wrote Ji Gu Shu Jing.
In May, the eighth year of Tang Wude (625), Wang Xiaotong wrote The Classic of Ancient Calculations, which was the earliest book in China to solve cubic equations. ?
The first Japanese envoys arrived in Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty.
The first batch of Japanese envoys to Tang Dynasty arrived in Tang Zhenguan in Chang 'an for five years (63 1). 1 1 month, Hirohito of Japan sent the first batch of envoys to Chang 'an, with Tian Jian as our ambassador and pharmacist Huiri as the supplement. Thereafter, in 264 of the first year (894), Japanese communist party sent 13 missions to the Tang Dynasty. ?
Princess Wencheng entered Tibet.
Princess Wencheng entered Tibet in the 14th year of Tang Zhenguan (640), and Tubo Zanpu Songzan Gambu sent Prime Minister Lu Dongzan to Chang 'an, offering 5000 taels of gold and hundreds of treasures as a dowry, asking for a kiss. Emperor Taizong took the daughter of the imperial clan as Princess Wencheng, who was betrothed to Songzan Gambu. Princess Wencheng's entry into Tibet introduced the highly developed culture and production technology of the Han nationality into Tibet. ?
Xuanzang Tianzhu learned from the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty.
Xuanzang Tianzhu learned from the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty. Xuanzang's common name is Chen? /kloc-was recognized as a monk by the Sui Dynasty at the age of 0/3. 15 years old, arrived in Chang 'an with his brother. I'll visit the famous teacher later. At the age of 25, he went to Chang 'an and became a rising star of Buddhism. He is proficient in Jing Zang, Lu Zang and On Zang, and is known as the "Master of Sanzang". He found that all teachers' theories have their own origins, but they are different, and he didn't know what to do. So he decided to go to India to learn from the scriptures, and requested to go west, which was rejected by the court. Undaunted, Xuanzang left Chang 'an at the age of 28 in the third year of Zhenguan (629). Xuanzang left Yumen Pass in Liangzhou and risked his life to go abroad along the Silk Road. He had a narrow escape on the way, but he persevered and traveled to dozens of countries for four years, and finally reached the Narando Temple in Tianzhu (now India). Xuanzang studied hard here for five years and became a first-rate scholar. In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), he returned to Chang 'an with 657 classics, which was welcomed by hundreds of thousands of people in Chang 'an. Since then, Xuanzang has successively translated scriptures and preached in Hongfu Temple, Jionji Temple and Mingxi Temple, the largest royal temple in Chang 'an, and founded the only-knowing Sect. With the help of Prime Minister Fang, he selected 20 eminent monks from all over the country to participate in the translation of scriptures, which lasted 19 years, translated 74 scriptures, 1335 volumes,130,000 words, unprecedented in the history of translating scriptures in China, and became one of the three major translators of ancient Buddhism. Xuanzang also dictated his own The Journey to the West, which was recorded by his disciples, and was written into 12 volume "The Tale of the Western Regions of Datang", which described his personal experience of 1 10 countries and heard about 28 countries. It is an important document to study the ancient history of India, Nepal, Pakistan, Central Asia and northwest China. Now it has been translated into many languages and become an immortal masterpiece in the world. Xuanzang's deeds are widely circulated among the people. According to legend, Wu Cheng'en of the Ming Dynasty wrote the famous Zhang Hui novel The Journey to the West, and Xuanzang (Tang Priest) was a household name in China. ?
Promulgate "New Materia Medica"
In 659, the newly revised materia medica was promulgated, and the Tang Dynasty court promulgated the newly revised materia medica, which included 850 kinds of drugs. This is the earliest national pharmacopoeia in the world. ?
Liu Zhiji wrote Stone.
Liu Zhiji wrote Shi Tong in Jinglong, Tang Zhongzong for four years (7 10), and historian Liu Zhiji wrote Shi Tong in Chang 'an for twenty volumes. This is China's first monograph on historical criticism. ?
Monks and his party measured the meridian and worked out the Dayan calendar.
Monks and their entourage measured the meridian and worked out the Dayan calendar. Since the 13th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (725), the monk and his entourage () led a scientific investigation team to measure the latitudes of Baima (Huaxian), Taiyuetai (Kaifeng), Fugou (Fugou) and Wujinting (Shangcai) in Yizhou, and reached the conclusion that the meridian was once 27 Li Tang. In the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727), monks and their party compiled Dayan Calendar, which corrected many mistakes in previous calendars and was a master of calendars in this period. ?
An Shi rebels captured Chang 'an.
In 756, when the Anshi Rebellion captured Chang 'an from Tang Suzong, the Anshi Rebellion invaded Chang 'an, plundered property and killed people. Chang' an city was damaged. The following year, Tang generals Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi led the troops to recover Chang 'an with the help of Uighur. ?
Du You wrote The General Code.
In the 17th year of Zhenyuan in Tang Dezong (80 1), Du You wrote General Code, and the 200-volume General Code written by Prime Minister Du You was written in Chang 'an, which is the first special history in China to record the evolution of laws and regulations in past dynasties. ?
Jia Dan painted a picture of China and foreigners in the sea.
Jia Dan painted "A Picture of Flowers in the Sea" in the seventeenth year of Zhenyuan in Tang Dezong (80 1), and Prime Minister Jia Dan painted "A Picture of Flowers in the Sea" in Chang 'an. With the square of 100 Li 1 inch, the ancient and modern place names were marked in Zhu and Mo respectively, which initiated the method of making China evolution map. ?
Two kings and eight Sima events
In 805, Yong Zhenyuan came to power, and Wang and Wang Qi reformed the state affairs, appointing Wei Zhiyi, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, Ling Zhun, Cheng Yi, Han Ye, Han Tai,. This innovation lasted 146 days and ended in failure. Wang Qipi and Wang were killed. Eight people, including Liu Zongyuan, were demoted as Sima in Yuanzhou, which was called "Eight Sima" in history. ?
Li Jifu wrote Yuanhe County Records.
In the eighth year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (8 13), Li Jifu wrote the Atlas of Yuanhe Counties, and Li Jifu, the prime minister, wrote the Atlas of Yuanhe Counties in Chang 'an, which is the earliest and relatively complete national geographic encyclopedia in China. ?
Huang Chao captured Chang 'an.
In December of the first year of Huang Chao's invasion of Chang 'an (880), Tang Xizong and Huang Chao invaded Chang 'an. Huang Chao was the emperor of Daming Palace, with the title of Daqi, and was renamed Golden Boy. In the third year of Zhonghe (883), Huang Chao withdrew from Chang 'an. ?
The Destruction of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty and the Construction of New Town in Han Dynasty
The Destruction of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty and the Construction of New Town in Han Dynasty Since the rebellion captured Chang 'an, Chang 'an has been destroyed several times in succession. Zhao Zongtian? In the first month of the first year (904), our ambassador to Xuanwu, Xuanyi, Tian Ping and Guoguo, Zhu Wen (Quan Zhong), hijacked Tang Zhaozong, moved the capital to Luoyang, and destroyed Chang 'an Palace and houses. At this point, Chang' an was devastated. Han Jian, a soldier of the Yuguo Army who stayed in Xijing, gave up the original outer Guo Cheng and Miyagi for defensive reasons, and only rebuilt Zicheng (Imperial City) as a "new city". It is 2820 meters long from east to west, wide from north to south 1843 meters, and has a circumference of 9? 2 kilometers, area 5? 2 square kilometers. ?
Song Qiu Min's Annals of Chang 'an.
In the ninth year of Xining in Song Dynasty (1076), Chang 'an Annals was written, and 20 volumes of Chang 'an Annals were written in Song Dynasty. This book is an important local document, which records the situation of Guo Chenghe Fang in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty. ?
Lu Dafang drew a map of Chang 'an.
In May (1080), three years after Lu Dafang drew a map of Chang 'an in Yuanfeng, North Song Shenzong, the map of Chang 'an drawn by Lu Dafang, a military commander of Zhixing, was carved into a stone tablet, which is the earliest existing city plan in China. ?
Establishment of Xi 'an Forest of Steles
When the forest of steles in the Tang Dynasty was founded, the imperial court revised and engraved 12 books on Confucian classics, which were regarded as the standard version for scholars to take the exam, and were called "opening the stone into classics". Tang Wu was abandoned. Song Zhezong dollars? In the second year (1087), water transport moved Lieutenant General Lu Da's book "Opening the Stone into Classic" from the southwest corner of Shangshu Province in Tang Dynasty (now Bell and Drum Tower Square) to the north of Chang 'an Fu Xue for preservation. This is where the forest of steles in Xi 'an is located today. ?
Luo Tianxiang edited "Leibian Chang An Zhi"
Luo Tianzhu compiled Chronicle of Chang 'an in Yuan Dynasty (1296). Luo Tianzhu took Chronicle of Chang 'an in Song Dynasty as the base, supplemented by gold and yuan materials, which were divided into 30 categories and compiled into 10 volume. ?
Wang Fu, Anxi, Yuan Jian
From Yuan Shizu, the palace of Anxi in Yuan Dynasty, to the ninth year of Yuan Dynasty (1272), Kublai Khan made his third son Mangla the king of Anxi, guarding Guanzhong and controlling Sichuan and Shaanxi. Sixteen years (1279), Jingzhaofu was changed to Anxi Road. Anxi Wang Fu was built in Waldo, northeast of xi City, and was destroyed at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and it is still preserved. ?
Li Haowen compiled the annals of Chang 'an.
Li Haowen compiled Chang 'an Map in Yuan Dynasty, and Li Haowen compiled Chang 'an Map in 3 volumes. The first volume is the map of city palaces and squares in Han and Tang dynasties, which is revised based on the postscript of the map of Chang 'an City written by Lu Dafang in Song Dynasty. The middle volume is a map of historical sites and tombs, which is based on Song Youshi's heroic map. The second volume consists of 18 pieces of Jing Qu Tu Shuo and Tu Zhi ZaShuo. Later generations published the map of Chang 'an together with the annals of Chang 'an in the Song Dynasty and renamed it the annals of Chang 'an. ?
Ming Jian Xi an Shi
After the Ming Dynasty was established, in the second year of Hongwu (1369), Fengyuan Road was changed to Xi 'an, hence the name "Xi 'an". Zhu Yuanzhang also named his second son Zhu as the King of Qin, stationed in An, and built Qin Gong in the northeast of the city (now the provincial capital). Because the original city wall was narrow and broken, in order to defend the Qin Gong in the city and occupy favorable terrain for defense, the Ming Dynasty began to build and repair Xi 'an City in the third year of Hongwu (1370), extending the east wall nearly 1,000 meters to the east and the north wall 500 to 600 meters to the north. The city wall is three feet high and four feet seven feet thick, all of which are rammed in layers with loess, and each layer is 8 ~ 12 cm thick. The perimeter of the city wall is about 14km, and the area is 1 1? 5 square kilometers. There are four gates in the city: East Changle Gate, Xi 'an Dingmen, South Yongning Gate and North An Yuanmen. Each city gate has three towers, namely, the main tower, the arrow tower and the watchtower. There are turrets at the four corners of the city, and there are 98 towers on the city wall. The city is equipped with boarding facilities. After the mid-Ming Dynasty, Xi 'an City Wall underwent several repairs. In the second year of Qin Long (1568), Zhang Zhi, the governor of Shaanxi Province, laid a layer of blue bricks on the outer wall and top of the city wall. In the ninth year of Chongzhen (1363), Sun Chuanting, the governor of Shaanxi, built four Guo city gates outside the city gates. ?
Jiajing earthquake
Jiajing Earthquake In the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing (1556 65438+1October 23rd)1February12nd, the midnight earthquake caused nearly half of the houses in Xi 'an City to collapse, and the death was about13. The top of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda collapsed. There are 40 fractures in the Stone Sutra of Kaicheng in the forest of steles. ?
Guanzhong Academy was founded.
Guanzhong Academy was founded in the thirty-seventh year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1609). Kelly, the envoy of Shaanxi Province, was ordered by xianning and Chang 'an counties (Xi 'an is divided into two counties) to rebuild Xiaoxiyuan, east of Baoqing Temple, into Guanzhong Academy (in Shuyuanmen Street, east of Annan Gate in Xi 'an today), and Feng Congwu, a famous Confucian scholar from the dismissed Ministry of Industry, gave lectures. At that time, young people from Sichuan, Gansu, Henan, Shanxi and other places came to learn from their teachers. ?
Li Zicheng captured Xi 'an.
In the 16th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1643), Li Zicheng captured Xi Chang 'an City, and Li Zicheng captured Xi Chang 'an City, changing Xi Anzhai into Chang 'an House, which was called Xijing in history. Dashun founded the country, calling himself King Dashun and named Yongchang. Withdraw from Xijing the following year. ?
Set up Xi 'an Machinery Bureau
1869 set up the bureau of safety machinery, and left an imperial envoy to supervise the military affairs of Shaanxi and Gansu, and set up the bureau of safety machinery in Xi' an to produce foreign guns, bullets and gunpowder. This is the earliest modern industry in Xi. ?
Start a school
The school was established on 1905. Li Shaofen, the governor of Shaanxi Province, was nursed, and Shaanxi University Hall, which was originally established on the basis of Xianning, Chang 'an Academy and Zhong Hua Academy, was changed into Shaanxi High Church. 1906, the former Xu Shao Academy (Xiguan Fenggong Temple, now the former site of No.42 Middle School in Xi City) was changed to Chang 'an County Middle School. ?
Create Yi Sushe.
Founded in 19 12 August 13, Li, editor-in-chief of Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Historical Revision, and Sun, editor-in-chief of Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Historical Revision, founded Lingshe in Tumiao Cross Primary School (later moved to Wu Miao Street, today's West Road) to recruit students, rehearse new Shaanxi opera plays, carry out opera reform and advocate new social trends. 1In the summer of 924, during his lecture at Northwest University, Lu Xun watched Yi Sushe's performance five times, which was well received, and he personally awarded the plaque of "Classical Solo". After the lecture, he donated part of the lecture fee to Yi Sushe to support the reform of Shaanxi Opera. In the 37 years of the Republic of China, Yi Sushe enrolled 13 students, and nearly 600 students graduated or left school. Liu, Liu Dimin, Song, Ma Pingmin, Su, Geng Shanmin, Shen and others are all outstanding representatives. During this period, more than 600 scripts were written by professional writers and writers outside the society, of which more than half were written by secondary writers such as Li, Li, Li Yuezhi, Gao Peizhi and Feodor Lynen. After 1949, Yi Sushe has undergone new changes and development, and it is still the most influential drama in northwest China, and its duration is rare in the world. ?
Northwest University was founded.
Northwest University was founded 19 12. In March, Governor Zhang Fengsui of Shaanxi invited Gansu (including present-day Ningxia and Qinghai) and Xinjiang provinces to cooperate, merged Shaanxi Higher Education School, Shaanxi Agricultural School and Shaanxi School of Politics and Law, and founded Northwest University in An, with Qian as the president. Northwest University is the earliest institution of higher learning established in northwest China. 1924 was changed to state-owned and is now a national key university. ?
Lu Xun came to Xi 'an to give a lecture.
1924 During the summer vacation, Lu Xun came to Xi 'an to give lectures at the invitation of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education and Northwest University. On July 2 1 ~ 29, Lu Xun told summer school students about the historical changes of China's novels. The content of the lecture was recorded by Northwest University and edited by Lu Xun himself, and then included in the second episode of Summer School Lecture Collection jointly organized by National Northwest University and Shaanxi Education Department. 1994 northwest university erected a stone statue of Lu Xun in front of yifu building to commemorate this speech. ?
Longhai Railway is open to traffic to Xi 'an.
The Longhai Railway was completed and opened to traffic 1934 12.27 years ago, and the largest east-west railway trunk line in China was successfully laid and opened to traffic. Xi 'an has thus developed into a railway transportation hub in northwest China. ?
Xi'an Incident
During the Kloc-0/936 XI Incident, Japanese imperialism continued to expand its aggression against China, and Chiang Kai-shek persisted in the policy of "putting national security first" and continued the civil war. Influenced by China's anti-Japanese national united front policy and the people's anti-Japanese movement, the Northeast Army headed by Zhang Xueliang and the 17th Route Army headed by Yang Hucheng stopped fighting with the Red Army. At the beginning of February, 65438+, Chiang Kai-shek went to Ann to supervise the war and forced Zhang and Yang to attack the Red Army. Zhang and Yang advised Chiang Kai-shek to stop the civil war and unite against Japan, which was reprimanded by Chiang Kai-shek. /kloc-in the early morning of 0/2, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng launched the Xi Incident and detained Chiang Kai-shek in Huaqingchi, Lintong, for a "military remonstrance". Immediately, Zhang and Yang sent telegrams about the current situation and put forward eight propositions of resisting Japan and saving the nation. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent Zhou Enlai as the plenipotentiary to Xi 'an to mediate and strive for Chiang's resistance to Japan. After negotiations, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to promise to resist Japan. On 25th, Chiang Kai-shek was released and flew back to Nanjing accompanied by Zhang Xueliang, and the Xi Incident was settled peacefully. The Xi incident was an important turning point in the modern history of China. ?
Xi Municipal People's Government was established.
1949 The People's Government of Xi was established in May, and the China People's Liberation Army was stationed in Xi 'an. On 25th, Xi Municipal People's Government was established, with Jia Tuofu as mayor. ?
Xi 'an Industrial Base Construction
After the completion of Xi 'an Industrial Base 1949, Xi 'an was identified as one of the national key cities. During the first five-year plan period (1953 ~ 1957), Xi focused on industrial development, and industrial infrastructure investment accounted for 62% of the total investment. 9 1%。 Among the 156 national key construction projects in the first five-year plan, Xi 'an has 17, such as the third, fourth, fifth and sixth cotton textile mills in Xi 'an, Baqiao Thermal Power Plant, Yellow River Machinery Factory, Qinchuan Machinery Factory, An Instrument Factory, An Aircraft Manufacturing Company and Qing 'an Company, which have promoted Xi 'an. The construction of the industrial base will form an electrician city in the west of Xi 'an ancient city, a Hansenzhai machinery city in the east of the ancient city, a Baqiao textile city and an airplane city in Weibin Yanliang. The rapid expansion of urban areas objectively exceeds the carrying capacity of Xi 'an, leaving hidden dangers for the sustainable development of Xi 'an. ?
Jiaotong University moved to Xi 'an.
Jiaotong University Moved to Xi 'an 1955 the State Council decided to move Jiaotong University from Shanghai to Xi 'an. 1956 started enrolling students in Xi' an, 1957 stopped moving. Most of the departments, teachers, books and experimental equipment moved to Xi 'an are Xi 'an part of Jiaotong University, while the Shanghai part of Jiaotong University stayed in Shanghai. From 65438 to 0959, Xi 'an part of Jiaotong University and Shanghai part were established independently, and Xi 'an part was named Xi 'an Jiaotong University. ?
Banpo Museum opened.
Banpo Museum was completed and opened on September 2nd. 1956. Banpo Museum, the first Neolithic matriarchal commune site museum in China, is located in the east suburb of Tanchan River, north of banpo village. Construction started and it was completed and opened on April 6th. 1958. Guo Moruo inscribed "Banpo Site". ?
Discovery of "Lantian Ape Man"
Discovery of "Lantian Ape"1964 On May 23rd, archaeologists from vertebrate paleontology Institute of Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences discovered a basically complete middle-aged female ape-man skull fossil in Gongwangling, Lantian County. It belongs to the early Paleolithic period about 6.5438+0 million years ago and was named "Lantian China Ape". ?
Terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang were discovered
Discovery of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang1974 On March 29th, 2004, Yang Zhifa, a farmer from the Western Production Team of Yanzhai Commune in Lintong County, and others discovered the pottery Terracotta Warriors and Horses at 1.5 km east of the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, which attracted the attention of cultural relics and archaeologists and was later confirmed as the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Dynasty through excavation and research. ?
Xi-Lintong Expressway completed
Xi 'an-Lintong Expressway was completed 1990 12.28, and the first expressway in western China-Xi 'an-Lintong Expressway was completed and opened to traffic. The total length is more than 30 kilometers. ?
The Fifth World Conference on Historical Cities
The 5th World Congress of Historical Metropolis1September, 1996/KLOC-0 ~12, was held in Xi 'an Ancient Capital Hotel. Qian Qichen, Vice Premier of the State Council, delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of the meeting on behalf of the China government. The theme of the conference was "Revitalization of Historical Cities", and mayors or mayor representatives from more than 70 cities including Kyoto, Paris, Moscow and Baghdad attended. At the end of the meeting, the "Alliance of World Historic Cities" was established, and Xi 'an was elected as the vice-chairman city of the alliance. The Dictionary of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities in China is a funded project of this conference.