(A) external damage

The damage caused by natural external forces to the product oil pipeline has occurred in the past, and the problems caused by this damage are extremely dangerous. For example, landslides and mudslides will cause damage to oil pipelines, while the Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing pipeline is located in mountainous areas with complex terrain, and it is easy to be buried, cut off, displaced or twisted. Behavioral injuries from people are also one of the causes of accidents, such as road construction. This kind of pipeline damage behavior caused in the construction process will not only cause leakage, but also make the pipeline unable to operate normally and even leave potential safety hazards. In March, 2003, the gasoline pipeline in Yangbajing section of Golmud-Lhasa pipeline was accidentally cut by the construction team of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, resulting in the leakage of refined oil. The oil spill occurred along the river to the village and caused a huge fire.

(2) Man-made destruction

With the development of society, the speed of population movement has also accelerated, and the composition of society has become more and more complicated. Some criminals took the opportunity to destroy and steal the product oil pipeline, which seriously damaged the safety of the product oil pipeline. In order to seek illegal interests, oil thieves use various means to bring more hidden dangers to pipeline safety. Some oil thieves install oil stealing valves on pipelines and use hidden tools such as rubber hoses to destroy refined oil pipelines, which poses a very serious security threat to national property and people's lives and property. At home and abroad, the casualties caused by accidents such as fire caused by oil theft are above 1000 every year, which has a great adverse impact on social stability.

(C) the impact of the natural environment around the pipeline

The environmental protection requirements of the product oil pipeline are extremely strict, and the safety risks are great. Therefore, the state has formulated corresponding laws and regulations to protect the pipeline safety-People's Republic of China (PRC) Oil and Gas Pipeline Protection Law, which clearly stipulates that any unit or individual is prohibited from taking soil, quarrying, planting trees, building livestock sheds and building other buildings within 5 meters on both sides of the pipeline center line. However, the behavior of unauthorized construction has been repeatedly banned. In the inspection and protection of product oil pipeline, it is often found that the geological features along the pipeline are destroyed, and the natural environment around the pipeline is more and more seriously damaged. In the western region of China, the vegetation around the product oil pipeline is getting less and less, the ecological environment is deteriorating, sandstorms are wanton, floods also occur from time to time, and the pipeline is exposed in many places, which is in a critical situation.

(d) Corrosion of the pipeline itself

Pipeline corrosion is an uncontrollable safety problem that all product oil pipelines will encounter at present. Low cathodic protection, abnormal operation of cathodic protection equipment will cause pipeline corrosion and perforation, which will bring serious safety hazards; In addition, the design and application of anti-corrosion insulation layer of pipeline is not as high as the current scientific and technological level, which is prone to corrosion, fracture and other problems, and its protection function is not strong; In the construction of product oil pipeline, there will also be hidden dangers such as cutting corners or low level. Corrosion is a dangerous accident symptom, which seriously threatens the safe operation of product oil pipeline.

Second, the product oil pipeline safety problem solving measures

The composition of product oil pipeline safety problem is complex and there are many influencing factors. How to solve this problem, we should formulate policies and strategies from all angles to solve the pipeline safety problem. The author believes that it can be implemented from the following aspects:

(A) to strengthen communication with the government and the construction unit

In view of the fact that the safety of product oil pipelines has been repeatedly damaged by construction projects and man-made, we should strengthen communication with the government, jointly formulate relevant measures and regulations for safety management, actively communicate with road engineering and other construction units, make good plans, mark the pipeline along the construction process, try our best to avoid the damage to product oil pipelines, attract the attention of all parties, and increase protection.

It is also necessary to do a good job in daily coordination and protection, discuss with governments and units along the refined oil pipeline, and set up inspection and protection stations in important locations in conjunction with local public security and transportation departments to severely punish the sabotage of oil thieves and play an educational warning role.

(b) Pay attention to the maintenance and management along the product oil pipeline.

The distribution line of product oil pipeline is long, which is difficult to maintain and manage. But it is precisely because of this that it is necessary to strengthen the daily management and maintenance along the pipeline, fix it in the form of management institutions, and set up patrol and protection pipeline sites. The product oil pipeline has high safety requirements, and the maintenance work requires specialized personnel and perfect equipment input, and problems such as pipeline exposure and perforation should be reported and repaired in time to ensure the normal operation of the pipeline; Stop the sabotage of criminals in time and send it to the relevant departments for handling. Only by continuous inspection and patrol can we find and solve problems in time and avoid the safety of state property and people's lives and property.

(3) It is everyone's responsibility to strengthen publicity and education and protect pipeline safety.

Strengthening the publicity and education of people along the pipeline is the basis for ensuring the safety of refined oil pipelines. Propaganda work should comprehensively set up publicity columns, lectures, mass media and other ways to strengthen the people's awareness of protecting pipeline safety. Stop and dismantle the buildings illegally built by residents and units along the pipeline, strictly implement the land use rules, and do a good job in publicity and education.

Through publicity and education, the people along the pipeline are encouraged to actively participate in the work of protecting the safety of the product oil pipeline, and we are educated not to destroy the warning signs along the pipeline, not to cut down the surrounding vegetation and sand, replant trees, and prevent sandstorms from invading the pipeline.

(d) Repairing damaged pipelines is a long-term task.

In view of the problems existing in cathodic protection at present, it is necessary to manage and maintain it in time and effectively, and use new scientific and technological means to repair and strengthen the equipment to restore the cathodic protection function. Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the pipeline anticorrosion and insulation layer, repair the damaged parts that need to be repaired in time, and replace them in time to avoid accidents.

(5) Establish and improve the emergency rescue system.

In view of many problems existing in the safety of product oil pipeline, it is necessary to further establish and improve the emergency rescue system for product oil pipeline accidents. Like other industries, emergency rescue work is one of the important links to ensure safety. In particular, the important position of product oil pipeline determines that it is an inevitable move to establish an emergency rescue system for pipeline accidents to prevent accidents from expanding and effectively organize emergency rescue. In order to reduce the losses caused by accidents, improve the speed and efficiency of rescue, and ensure the orderly and legal rescue, it is necessary to improve this system, absorb the participation of all sectors of society, and ensure the safety early warning of this important energy transportation.

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In the safety protection of product oil pipeline, advanced technology must be introduced, for example, the automatic fluid leakage detection system can detect and find illegal and destructive behaviors such as oil theft. The safety protection of refined oil products should adopt different methods to improve the surrounding environment according to the special natural environment in which the pipeline is located, so as to form a good environment for the safety of refined oil pipelines.