A 2500-word paper on psychology, modern cognitive psychology and physics teaching.
Abstract: The basic theory of modern cognitive psychology is applied to teaching research, forming the learning theory and teaching theory of modern cognitive school. According to this theory, the core of teaching is to cultivate students' transfer ability, and attention should be paid to the cultivation of transfer ability in teaching. The influence of students' original cognitive structure on new learning is transfer. When cultivating students' ability, we should pay attention to cultivating students' migration ability.
Keywords: modern cognitive psychology, learning theory, transfer of teaching theory
An important idea of modern teaching theory is that teaching research must be based on psychological research. We should break through the traditional teaching theory, guide the teaching reform with new teaching ideas, and care about the progress of psychological research. The most influential teaching schools in the world today are all based on psychological theory. On the one hand, we should study the reform of physics teaching from reality according to China's national conditions, on the other hand, we should understand the new development of psychology, pedagogy and teaching theory in various countries and learn their new achievements. This paper intends to give a brief introduction to the theory of modern cognitive psychology in order to enlighten the research and reform of physics teaching.
First of all, it briefly introduces modern cognitive psychology.
1. The rise of modern cognitive psychology
Since 1950s, many psychologists have seen the importance of studying cognition, intelligence and thinking, and started to study cognitive psychology, forming a school called Cognitive Psychology School. At the same time, a behavioral psychology school appeared. From the standpoint of pragmatism, it only studies people's explicit behavior, refuses to study people's perceptual knowledge, thinks that psychological reaction is a function of external stimuli, denies people's conscious initiative, and thinks that all reactions are the result of stimuli, which reduces people's psychological level to the level of animals, so the theoretical development of psychology is contradictory. Modern cognitive psychology is the product of this contradiction. The main reason is the inheritance of psychology's own development, which is not only the negation of behavioral psychology, but also the inheritance and development of behavioral psychology. In order to study the law of human stimulus response, behaviorism once imagined to constitute a kind of? A conscious machine? Represents human activity. The core concept of modern cognitive psychology is to regard man as a machine, a conscious computer, and think that the behavior of an organism is not completely dependent on stimulus, but also guided by purpose. At the same time, modern cognitive psychology also inherits the research method of behavioral psychology from observing behavior, and also emphasizes the use of experimental viewpoints and methods controlled by laboratories, relying on experiments to simulate the real world, systematically introducing motivation in advance, and inferring the law of human cognitive process according to reactions.
2. Basic viewpoints of modern cognitive psychology theory.
Modern cognitive psychology holds that human beings are not passive entities that mechanically accept and respond to stimuli, but organisms that selectively acquire and process environmental stimuli. People's response to stimuli should be realized through a series of psychological transformation activities. By analogy and simulation of human cognitive process and law with computer, it is considered that the information processing principle of human brain and computer is consistent. Both of them regard information as a symbol processing system, and human perception, memory, thinking and action as the input, storage, coding and output of a computer, which constitutes a complete information processing system. It analyzes the law of human thinking according to the program designed by computer, and holds that the use of scientific means is mainly not to observe, change or shape human external behavior, but to analyze the structure and law of human cognitive program.
The reason why we can make a breakthrough in psychology and attract people's attention is because it breaks through the imprisonment of behaviorism on psychology and abandons it? Any proposition whose truth cannot be proved by experience is meaningless? The viewpoint makes psychology change from studying only external behavior to studying internal psychological mechanism, and emphasizes the study from behaviorism? No psychology? Psychology has changed to a process study that attaches importance to cognition, unifying research consciousness and behavior, and thinking that behavior is completely determined by external environment, reducing mental phenomena to material phenomena and excluding the possibility that consciousness becomes the cause of behavior. It holds that people are active information seekers, and there are internal reasons for people's explicit behavior. It clearly studies the advanced process of human cognition, reveals the law of human thinking, and closely combines psychology with human real life.
Second, the learning theory and teaching theory of modern cognitive school
The basic theory of modern cognitive psychology is applied to teaching research, forming the learning theory and teaching theory of modern cognitive school.
1. Learning theory of modern cognitive school
It is believed that learning is the assimilation and adaptation process of cognitive structure, that is, everyone's understanding of the world is based on a genetic schema. If we assimilate what we encounter, we will enrich the original schema, cause changes in the number of schemas, change the original schema or establish a new schema to achieve a new balance. This process is called adaptation, which will make the schema change qualitatively. Therefore, it is the essence of learning to take genetic schema as the starting point and use assimilation and adaptation to achieve balance.
2. Teaching theory of modern cognitive school
Firstly, various factors affecting learning are put forward. 1. Students' own intelligence factors: cognitive structure, intelligence differences, motivation and personality. Second, non-intelligence factors are external factors of the situation: teachers, teaching materials, class groups and social influences. The core of these factors is the influence of students' cognitive structure on learning. Secondly, modern cognitive teaching theory holds that the core of teaching is to cultivate students' transfer ability, and the transfer of principles and attitudes should be the core of teaching process.
Thirdly, the enlightenment of modern cognitive psychology to physics teaching reform.
Physics teaching should attach importance to the cultivation of transfer ability. The influence of students' original cognitive structure on new learning is transfer. Physics is a discipline that studies the general laws of material movement and is the foundation of natural science, so it has a very broad migration world. It is not uncommon to change majors in physics, such as biophysics and physical chemistry. In terms of research methods, physical experiment methods are widely used, such as psychological experiments and social experiments. Therefore, when everyone emphasizes the cultivation of students' ability, if students' transfer ability is highlighted in physics teaching, it is more significant than other disciplines, and transfer ability can lay the foundation for the formation of other abilities. So, how to help shape and cultivate the cognitive structure of students' migration?
1. Reform teaching materials to promote immigration
Students' cognitive structure is inseparable from their knowledge structure. Cognitive structure is transformed from the knowledge structure of textbooks. A good textbook structure is conducive to simplifying knowledge, highlighting the most vital, active and valuable knowledge, and facilitating the application and migration of knowledge, thus giving full play to the functions of knowledge. Specifically, the knowledge structure of physics textbooks should first enable students to master the composition and framework of knowledge, so as to have an overall concept and understand the relationship and context between them, which is conducive to grasping the development and application of knowledge. Furthermore, students can deepen and expand only when the logical relationship is clear. For example, all classical physics is developed according to the law of causality. At the same time, we should pay attention to the embodiment of methods and teaching means, which will be very conducive to the transfer of knowledge. Therefore, if a new textbook with a unique knowledge structure can be formed, it will be of great value to the reform of physics teaching.
2. Pay attention to the application of deductive reasoning in physics teaching.
At present, in physics teaching, people are used to paying attention to the reasoning process from special to general, especially experimental induction. This is necessary and useful, but after all, it is not all the reasoning methods. At the same time, we should see that the reasoning method from general to special also plays an important role. If we do not pay attention to the application and cultivation of deductive reasoning, it will not be conducive to the cultivation of students' transfer ability.
3. Pay attention to promoting the horizontal connection of knowledge in teaching.
The transfer of knowledge is vertical and lateral transfer. Vertical migration is mainly manifested in the depth of knowledge. Traditional habits in physics teaching pay more attention to the depth of knowledge and think that depth can drive breadth, so there is a tendency to ignore the relationship between knowledge, which is manifested in the pursuit of strictness, completeness and quantification in physics teaching, emphasizing the mastery of concepts and laws themselves and ignoring their context, development and relationship. Therefore, in the reform of physics teaching, we should emphasize the connection between concepts and laws, between chapters and between disciplines, so as to promote lateral transfer and achieve the purpose of promoting depth with the breadth of knowledge.
4. Pay attention to the logical structure that students understand in teaching.
Modern cognitive psychology tells us that human knowledge has a regular structure, and emphasizing human knowledge also has a logical structure. Mastering the logical structure of physics learning and knowing how physics is composed of concepts and laws is extremely beneficial to promote the transfer of this theory.
(Author: Shandong Business Vocational College)
Click on the next page to learn more >>& gt psychology paper 2500 words?