(A) the characteristics of primitive social education
You can imagine a life scene. In primitive society, the elders of the tribe took their children out hunting, and the children learned how to hunt and collect food in this situation. In connection with this situation, let's sum up the educational characteristics of primitive society:
(1) Spontaneity, universality and no hierarchy. The means of production in primitive society are public, which determines that children are public and public, and all children have equal educational opportunities;
(2) Education is carried out in productive labor and social life. There were no schools in primitive society, and educational activities were integrated into production and life; The elders in charge of education have rich experience in production and life, but these elders are not full-time educators;
(3) The educational content is simple and the educational method is single. Educational methods are limited to action demonstration, observation and imitation, word of mouth and listening.
(B) the characteristics of ancient social education
After a long period of continuous development of slave society and feudal society, education also developed with the progress of the times, but at the same time it was not perfect because of the productivity and cultural background at that time. At the same time, we can look back at the TV series and movies we have seen, and we will have a feeling that ancient education has always been a board, but the social status of scholars is generally high. There are also American and English dramas, and there are also related educational plots. Combining our experience, let's take a look at the characteristics of ancient social education:
(1) Schools came into being in ancient times, and education became a special function of society. Education is the tool of the ruling class.
(2) Ancient school education was out of productive labor and unproductive.
(3) Ancient school education adapted to the development of ancient economy and politics, and it was class-oriented; Schools in feudal society were also hierarchical.
(4) Ancient school education adapts to the development of ancient ideology and culture, showing orthodoxy, autocracy, rigidity and symbolism.
First, orthodoxy. The content of education is the political thought and ethical concept of the ruling class, and education is subordinate to the rule.
Second, autocracy. The process of education is a process of control and being controlled, indoctrination and passive acceptance. The majesty of orthodoxy depends on the majesty of teachers and priests, and on the majesty of enrollment, examination and teaching discipline.
Third, rigidity. Teaching methods and learning methods are rigid, rote learning and mechanical imitation.
Fourth, symbolic. The symbolic function of education is dominant. What kind of education you can receive marks a person's social status. The main purpose of education is not to acquire practical knowledge, but to receive education itself. The education of classics and doctrines is in a higher position in society, while the education of acquiring practical knowledge is in a lower position in society.
(5) The initial development of ancient school education. The complex structural system has not yet been formed.
(C) the characteristics of modern social education
Modern times here refers not only to the modern times in China, but also to the educational development in modern western countries. Education has experienced the development of the whole ancient society. In modern society, education has developed relatively well due to the improvement of productivity and the accumulation of educational experience. However, a group of advanced intellectuals in China introduced advanced foreign ideas into China after studying abroad. Combining these histories, let's take a look at the characteristics of modern social education:
(1) The state has strengthened its attention and intervention in education, and public education has risen;
② Popularize compulsory primary education;
③ Secularization of education;
④ Attach importance to education legislation and advocate the rule of law;
⑤ There is a dual-track system;
⑥ A systematic modern school education system has been formed.
(D) the characteristics of social education after the 20th century
Everyone should have a deep understanding of this stage of education. We are at this stage so far, so you can use your own personal experience to understand the educational characteristics of this stage:
First, lifelong education.
Lifelong education is an educational concept and system gradually formed to meet the requirements of the accelerated growth of scientific knowledge and the sustainable development of mankind, including formal, informal and informal education, school education, family education and social (community) education. In content, it includes not only basic education, but also vocational education and professional education, as well as education in social and cultural life. It is to run lifelong education through the whole educational process and form.
Second, the popularization of education.
Education for all means that education must be geared to all people, that is, everyone has the right to receive education and must receive a certain degree of education.
Third, the democratization of education.
Democratization of education is a denial of the level, privilege and autocracy of education. On the one hand, it pursues all people to receive the same education, including equal opportunities at the starting point of education, equal opportunities to enjoy educational resources in the process of education, and even equal educational results, that is, special care is given to students who are at a disadvantage in society. On the other hand, the democratization of education pursues the liberalization of education, including the expansion of educational autonomy, the flexibility of setting courses and compiling textbooks according to social requirements, and the diversity of values.
Fourth, education is diversified.
It is reflected in the diversification of training objectives, school-running forms, management models, teaching contents and evaluation standards.
Fifth, the modernization of education.
Educational modernization refers to the application of modern science and technology (including technology, equipment, procedures, means, etc.). ) in education, it causes changes in educational ideas and concepts.