Why is Beijing and Tianjin not regulated? Parents in Jiangsu and Hubei are not without reason to question.
The cross-provincial enrollment plan opposed by parents in the two places was implemented as early as 2008. This year, because too many people moved from the two provinces, there was a strong protest between the two places. According to this year's plan, 12 provinces will transfer160,000 people, Hubei Province will transfer 40,000 people, and Jiangsu Province will transfer 38,000 people, accounting for almost half of the total plan.
The reason why the education department chose to transfer out of the province is that the enrollment rate of the college entrance examination is higher than the national average, the educational resources are abundant, and the pressure for further study is less. But this reason can't convince parents in Hubei and Jiangsu: Jiangsu, for example, is rich in educational resources, but far less than Beijing and Tianjin. However, Beijing and Tianjin did not participate in the regulation of the inter-provincial enrollment plan. Beijing and Tianjin did not participate, but Jiangsu undertook nearly 38,000 deployment tasks, which parents in the two provinces naturally did not understand.
Besides, the pressure of entering a higher school, in recent years, the admission rate of the first degree in Jiangsu is only about 10%, while the admission rate of the first degree in Beijing and Tianjin exceeds 20%, and the admission rate of the 20 15 undergraduate course in Beijing has exceeded 70%, so the pressure of entering a higher school in this area is great. The college entrance examination in China is the "last bastion of planned economy", and power plays an important role in the enrollment plan. Parents in Jiangsu will naturally wonder who has less power and who suffers more. Only quota transfer, no detailed explanation and public participation. It is normal for parents to have doubts.
The central and western regions may not be satisfied: most of the transferred indicators are specialist indicators rather than key indicators.
Due to historical reasons and unbalanced regional development, the central and western regions (Hubei and other provinces are special cases, which can be classified as the east from the perspective of rich educational resources) are indeed not as rich as the east. But by transferring some places in the eastern provinces and improving the admission rate in the central and western regions, can education be fair? I'm afraid not. With the expansion of colleges and universities and the decrease of students, the admission rate of college entrance examination in China has been rising steadily, from 5% in the 1980s to 75% now. It can be predicted that the central and western provinces can steadily improve the admission rate of the college entrance examination even if there is no quota delivery in the eastern provinces.
At present, under the situation that higher education resources are relatively saturated, the competition of college entrance examination has become the competition of high-quality higher education resources. Parents are often more concerned about the fairness of admission to high-quality institutions. According to media reports, the reason why parents in Jiangsu think that the quota allocation is unfair is not that their children can't go to school, but that the already low admission rate in the province will be further reduced.
However, in the fair distribution of high-quality educational resources, the education department is not as concerned as narrowing the difference in admission rates. In 2008, the Ministry of Education required that the enrollment ratio of local colleges and universities affiliated to each province should not exceed 30%. After reaching the standards one after another, the distribution of quality education resources is still unfair. 20 1 1 Tan Songhua, a member of the National Education Advisory Committee, pointed out in the "Research Report on the Allocation of Enrollment Places in Ordinary Colleges and Universities" that "the gap between provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) still exists, and even intensifies. According to the changes in the enrollment opportunity index of each province, The enrollment opportunity indices of Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin are 1.75 and 65438+ respectively. The enrollment opportunity indices of Tibet, Qinghai and Ningxia have also increased to 2.70, 1.82 and 1.72 respectively, but the subordinate universities in Henan, Hebei, Anhui, Inner Mongolia and Guangdong.
In the case that "it is not difficult to go to college, but it is difficult to go to a good university" has long been a social consensus, it is far more practical to give more enrollment places to universities affiliated to the central and western provinces than to give tens of thousands of mixed allocation targets (38,000 in Jiangsu Province, including 29,000 in junior colleges).
It is reasonable for high-quality colleges and universities all over the country to limit the proportion of local enrollment.
Some scholars have pointed out that there are112 "211"colleges and universities, accounting for only 6% of the undergraduate colleges and universities in China, but they are responsible for the training of 80% doctoral students, more than 60% master students, more than 50% international students and more than 30% undergraduates. The development of these high-quality universities can not be separated from local support, and it is also common to exchange enrollment plans for preferential policies. They all have a preference for localization in enrollment.
If 30% of affiliated universities can do something about local enrollment, both the central and western provinces and the eastern provinces with relatively scarce quality education resources will benefit. Scholar Zhang pointed out that the reason why Chinese universities become vassals of local governments in interests is because the central government lacks uniform and rigid regulations and cannot help universities jump out of the "prisoner's dilemma" set by local protectionism.
This should be the focus of the Ministry of Education. Some scholars suggest that the Ministry of Education further stipulate that the proportion of territorial enrollment should not be higher than 20%, and at the same time allow fine-tuning according to provinces. For the province with only one 2 1 1 university, the enrollment plan of the university in the territorial province accounts for no more than 30% of its total plan, which further weakens the territorial preference of 2 1 1 university enrollment. After the extra enrollment quota is put into use, it can be tilted to the central and western provinces and populous provinces to improve the admission rate of these provinces.
Distributing high-quality enrollment indicators in the name of limiting the proportion of territorial enrollment can easily reduce the contradictions between regions, and this practice should be carried out simultaneously throughout the country as far as possible.
In order to take care of the interests of all parties, the places transferred from the eastern provinces should be arranged in an incremental way.
Although Jiangsu province guarantees that the undergraduate admission rate and the first admission rate of Jiangsu candidates will be improved, there is one question that is not unreasonable: if these undergraduate places are not adjusted, the admission rate of Jiangsu college entrance examination will be higher, and the increase in the admission rate does not mean that the interests of candidates have not been harmed.
Indeed, because the so-called "improvement of admission rate" is achieved by "reduction of the number of applicants", it is more important for specific candidates to reduce the number of admission places. Therefore, the current cross-provincial student plan regulation is actually a kind of stock regulation, which changes the distribution mode and will inevitably harm the interests of some people and cause great dissatisfaction. This is not a good practice.
Therefore, the enrollment plan transferred to other provinces should be an "incremental" reform, which increases the number of places on the basis of the original enrollment plan and then distributes it to other provinces. Economically speaking, this kind of improvement is a kind of "Pareto improvement", which will not amplify the contradictions among all parties, thus contributing to the reform.
In fact, in the 20 15 enrollment plan, the Ministry of Education has clearly stated that it will increase the enrollment of some provinces through incremental arrangements and stock adjustment. Expanding the increment is to expand enrollment. Although the expansion of enrollment is often criticized, in this way, the interests of both exporting and importing provinces must be taken into account in order to meet the more important principle of fairness.