original text
Confucius said, "A gentleman teaches filial piety, not taking [1] as his home, but increasingly taking [2] as his home. Teach filial piety, so respect the father of the world; Teach to teach, so respect the world as a brother; Teach me to be a minister, so I respect the world as a king. "
translate
Confucius said, "A gentleman teaches people filial piety, instead of going door to door every day and teaching people filial piety face to face. Educate people with filial piety, so that all fathers in the world are respected; Educate people with Taoist thought, so that all brothers in the world are respected; To turn the people into Taoists, so that all kings in the world are respected.
To annotate ...
[1] Home: Go to every household.
See you every day.
analyse
Filial piety can make children respect their parents, brothers live in harmony, and courtiers respect kings. This is the law of governing the country put forward in the Book of Filial Piety, which plays a great role in promoting social peace and maintaining social development.
Typical examples show that
Xu Guozuo, who is both loyal and filial.
Xu Guozuo (1605- 1646), born in Zaicheng (now Rongcheng), Jieyang County, Chaozhou Prefecture, Guangdong Province, is the owner of Baihua Hall. Guo Zuo Wei is generous and intelligent, loves poetry and wine, and is filial to his parents.
Seven years will start tomorrow (1627), and candidates will be selected after the township examination. In the fourth year of Chongzhen (163 1), he was a scholar and was elected as the county magistrate of Fushun County, Suzhou Prefecture, Sichuan Province.
During his tenure, Xu Guozuo did everything possible to promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages, widely practiced good governance, respected the rural sages, sympathized with the people's feelings, set up a parliamentary hall, paid taxes evenly, abolished slavery, and severely punished the tyrannical local tyrants and evil gentry, which was praised by the people and made neighboring counties follow suit. For a time, it caused a sensation in Bazhong, Brazil, southern Sichuan and other regions. This has offended many local dignitaries. They colluded in secret, bribed Hong Wenfeng, the prefect of Sichuan Army, and Niu Zhaoshan, the governor, fabricated charges such as "privately adjusting military forces to suppress Shan Ye villages, burning and looting in the local area without restraint, writing articles to contradict the topic, deceiving the monarch", and dismissed the assistant of the Buddhist for investigation and imprisoned him.
Later, fortunately, many well-informed Zhongliang and southern Sichuan people in the DPRK tried their best to defend Guo Zuo's grievances. Two years later, this unjust case was finally clarified. The court transferred Xu Guozuo, who was fair, honest and anti-violent, to Zunyi County, Guizhou Province.
During this period, when the class contradictions and ethnic contradictions in the Zhu Ming dynasty became more and more serious, and the country was crumbling, Huang Taiji and Dourgen's 1.5 million Manchu and Mongolian elite troops rushed to Shanhaiguan again, trying to capture Beijing after breaking the customs; Li Zicheng, etc. 13 peasant troops have sprung up in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Henan, attacking the city everywhere; Hundreds of North Korean officials also formed a party for personal gain, and the prison was overcrowded; Emperor Chongzhen was headstrong and suspicious everywhere, killing heroes; During the Qing Dynasty, officials were in danger and loyal ministers abdicated. ...
In the spring of the tenth year of Chongzhen (1637), the emperor summoned Xu Guozuo, a wise and outstanding county magistrate, to Beijing and was promoted to the post of Minister of War. He cooperated with Fu Shangshu, a newly released Ministry of War, to command 300,000 border guards and set out for Yanshan to defend the enemy.
At the beginning of the test, Xu Guozuo strategically relied on the dangerous terrain and took advantage of the charm of the enemy. From a tactical point of view, he adopted the policy of "ambush in danger, lure the enemy into the net, launch a fire attack and divide and rule". Fu Shangshu acted according to the plan. As a result, after several fierce battles, 50,000 border guards defeated10.5 million lean infantry cavalry, causing more than half of the enemy casualties, and the defeat returned to Liaodong. Then, for a long time, I dared not make a move.
Yanshan triumph, Xiang Silong was overjoyed, and regarded Guo Xu as the pillar and mainstay of helping the country. He was promoted to Yuan Wailang of the Ministry of War and concurrently overseer of Jiujiang reimbursement.
Just as Xu saved the day, he suddenly received a letter from home informing his father that Xu Youfu was seriously ill and bedridden. Xu guozuo burst into tears at once, and hesitated after crying: on loyalty, he must die for his country; On filial piety, he must leave home. If you don't return, your father will die, which is extremely unfilial; How can an unfilial minister help state affairs when the world grits its teeth?
After thinking hard for two days and nights, he finally decided helplessly: only the king can do what happens in the world.
Emperor Chongzhen finally allowed the soldier's subordinate officers to return to their hometowns to perform filial piety and gave him a pair of royal ganoderma lucidum to comfort him. After ordering him to be filial, he quickly returned to the auxiliary government.
In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1 164), on March 18th, Shen Jiabian and Li Zicheng captured Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide. Guo Zuo fainted and cried when he heard the news at home. So he put on linen himself and led Wu Huangjia, the magistrate of a county, and all the officials barefoot, kneeling in front of the Confucius Temple in Jieyang and crying. Recalling that all kinds of efforts to help the country have been wasted with the death of the emperor over the years, I can't help vomiting blood and falling to the ground. Afterwards, he took the lead in setting up a memorial ceremony for Chongzhen in the county government. After 49 days of tossing, he lost more than ten kilograms.
Then, Ma Shiying, an old minister of the Ming Dynasty, set up the Axe King (Emperor Hong Guang) in Nanjing with the intention of restoring the country, and called Guo Zuo to Nanjing to reinstate him. Guo Zuo was unable to go to his post because his father was seriously ill and took soup medicine. The next year, the Qing army attacked Nanjing and killed the axe king. Huang Daozhou and Zheng Zhilong, heirs of the Ming Dynasty, ascended the throne in Fuzhou, and ordered Xu Guozuo to be reinstated as assistant minister of the Ministry of War and hurried to Fujian Fuzheng. At this time, it coincided with the death of my father and failed to make a trip. After Xu's father was buried, Fujian and Guangdong were in chaos and the road was blocked, so he could not go to his post.
In the third year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1645), on June 9th, Liu Gongxian, a martial artist in Shikeng Village, Wei Long Township, Jieyang County, was frustrated by officialdom and gathered people to rebel. Claiming to be "the commander in chief of Daming Town for nine days", he recruited Zeng Quan, the leader of Jiangxi refugees, and Marin, the leader of Fujian refugees, who was known as the "18 Generals of the Nine Armies" and successively captured the villages outside Jieyang.
In the early autumn of the following year, the Ninth Army found out that Wu Huangjia, the magistrate of Jieyang County, died of overwork, and Zhao Jiamo, who succeeded the magistrate, was convicted of dereliction of duty and imprisoned. Xu Guozuo, Luo (Jieyang people, Shangshu of the official department who retired in the 16th year of Chongzhen, right advisor of Duchayuan) and others have not returned from the county, and there are not many officials in the city. So he took the opportunity to design and outsmart Jieyang City, killing 78 officials, including Xie Jiabin, magistrate Huang, promotion and punishment Gui, leaving only the old lady Yu, Xu Guozuo's mother, as a hostage, respectfully sending her to the ninth army camp in Taoshan with horses and chariots, forcing Xu Guozuo to return to the team. At this time, Xu Guozuo and Luo were planning to recruit soldiers to resist the Qing soldiers and protect the small court in Fujian with the Chaozhou government and the governor of Chaohui. On the other hand, the Ninth Army in Jieyang was suppressed. Suddenly, it was reported that Jieyang county had been captured by nine armies. The gentry in the city were killed by the ninth army, and the old mother was also held hostage by the ninth army. ...
When Guo Zuo heard the news, his insides suddenly burst and he fainted to the ground. When I woke up, I was in pain. I immediately bid farewell to all the officials, got on the horse and galloped away, heading straight for Jieyang.
When I first arrived in Jieyang, I saw the ruins collapsed, the bodies were everywhere, the fireworks were not extinguished, and the fields were reduced to ashes ... He didn't care much, just wanted to go straight into the enemy camp and exchange for his mother. If he can do this, he will die without regret; If you are forced to bow down to save your mother, the thief would rather die than follow.
Guo Zuo came to Rongjiang, the North River stood in front of him, and the waves were rolling. At this time, after the robbery, there were few pedestrians on the road and the ships on the river disappeared. Guo Zuo, eager to save his mother, whipped his horse and jumped into the cold Jiangbo. He swam across the river with his hands taut.
Guo Zuo finally rode into the ninth army camp in front of Du Taoshan. When Gong Liu appeared, knowing Guo Zuo's arrival, he immediately greeted him respectfully, treated him with courtesy, tried every means to persuade him to submit, and raised the banner altogether. Guo Zuo vowed to be unyielding.
Liu Gongxian knew that Guo Zuo was a wise minister of the auxiliary country, and loyalty and filial piety were well-known in Jiangnan. To summon a hundred Cantonese, it must be this man, so you imprisoned Guo Zuo and treated him with a big gift, with the intention of slowly disintegrating his will.
Later, Jieyang people gathered to plot to rob the prison and rescue Guo Zuo, but the plan was seen through by spies of the Ninth Army.
So Liu Gongxian killed Guo Zuo, who was only 42 years old when he was killed. At this time, Gu Chaojian, who lived in seclusion in Pu Sang and met Feng, heard the bad news of Guo Zuo's murder, and was heartbroken and indignant. With his sword, he carved four big characters under the cliff in front of the peak: Heaven is absolutely southern minister.
A bowl of broth shows filial piety.
The older generation of proletarian revolutionaries joined China as early as 1927. He was once a hero in the eyes of the younger generation. What everyone usually sees is his heroic side. In fact, he also has delicate and deep feelings for the people he loves. A hard-won bowl of broth in this story bears his childlike innocence.
It was mid-June 193 1, and the superior informed party member cadres at all levels below the county level to take the lead in joining the Red Army in order to crush the enemy's "encirclement and suppression". To this end, the North Annan County Party Committee and the county Soviet held a county-wide "red expansion" conference in Miaozui Bay. At that time, * * * was the first Soviet chairman of Beian Nan County, and he was the first to sign up for the army.
In order to let the young people who joined the army have a good meal before leaving, Guo Shushen, the new county party secretary, sent someone to buy a fat pig and a big barrel of rice wine to see them off. However, the dinner was just about to start when * * * was sent by the superior to inspect the work and talk about things. It's rare to end a meatless diet, but * * * failed to catch up with everyone for dinner. The careful county party secretary specially asked someone to leave him a bowl of rice wine and a bowl of broth. * * * I am very moved to see these when I come back.
At that time, it was rare to touch meat once a year, and a bowl of ordinary broth was better than the current delicacies. But * * * carrying the bowl of delicious broth, but reluctant to take a sip. He remembered that his parents hadn't eaten meat for a long time, so he left the broth for his parents to drink. But the army is going to travel far away, and he can't leave home, so he entrusted a correspondent: "Take a hard trip and send a message to his parents that the army is going to travel far away." Busy at work, I can't say goodbye to them. Let them take care of themselves and don't worry about me. In addition, take this bowl of broth and let them have a taste. "
As soon as mother Li saw the broth, she knew that her son was going to travel abroad to join the Red Army. She hurried out to see her son off without soup, and the correspondent couldn't stop her. When she arrived at Miaozui Bay panting, * * * had already set off with the team. Mother Li stood on the hillside, and the troops from afar refused to leave for a long time. From this day on, the whereabouts of the Red Army, the victory or defeat of the battle, and the safety of my son have always touched my mother's heart.
1one day in August, 932, * * * led the Red Army to fight back. Mother Li was very excited when she heard the news. She left her job and took all her family savings to find her son.
At that time, * * * was the political commissar of the 11th Division of the Fourth Army of the Red Fourth Army, and was fighting the enemy. Just as he was leading his troops to fight the enemy, the messenger ran to * * and said, "Li Zhengwei, your mother is here!" "
* * * Looking back, my mother was coming towards him in the diffuse smoke. When he was in a hurry, he couldn't help but fly into a rage and shouted sharply, "Mom, what should I do if I hit you?" ! Get down! "Bullets flew past them, and the mother looked at her red-eyed son, still desperate to get together. She patted the dirt on her son, then took out two silver dollars from her pocket and put them in her son's pocket. This is all the things she sent her son from far away.
Knowing that her son accepted military orders, the mother left the battlefield without saying much. After the battle, * * * didn't have time to say goodbye to his mother, so he took the time to lead the troops to transfer. On the bumpy road, * * * found something jingling in his pocket, took it out and found that his mother gave him two silver dollars. His mother's loving appearance suddenly appeared in front of him, and he couldn't help crying.
Since ancient times, loyalty and filial piety can't be satisfactory. This time, bidding farewell to the battlefield turned out to be the secret of * * * and mother forever. Filial piety and maternal love are integrated into the bowl of broth and condensed into these two silver dollars, which will be passed down forever.
Laughing Star is made with filial piety.
For scalper, 1988 is a year he will never forget. At the beginning and end of this year, Niu experienced great joys and sorrows in his life.
Niu Niu made his debut on CCTV Spring Festival Evening with his comic dialogue work "Leader Cologne", and his performance was a great success. "Leadership, colon" became the popular language of the society at that time, and "Niu Ge" became the pronoun of cattle. Wherever you go, you will be recognized, and countless viewers will chase the scalper for autographs and photos.
Niu's "laughing star" road began in the Spring Festival this year, and famous cows began to perform all over the country. But at the end of 1988, the grief of life attacked the cattle. 12 13, Niu Niu performed in Guangzhou. Just as he was about to perform cross talk, he suddenly learned the news of his mother's death. The bad news was like a bolt from the blue, and the cow was blinded, but he still held back his tears and finished the performance. He said he didn't know how to end the cross talk, but he remembered that the audience was not happy. When her mother died, she was not with the old man. The herd said it was a lifelong regret.
There are six brothers and sisters in the herd. He is the youngest and ranks sixth. At the age of 1 1, his father left the herd. It was the mother who brought herself up, and the cow and her mother had deep feelings. Niuqun has been a very filial child since childhood and is very obedient. 1970, 2 1 year-old cattle joined the army. When he first joined the army, he only received an allowance of 8 yuan a month. Even if he tries harder, the cow won't spend a penny more. He must save money well.
The scalper will send the money accumulated every three months to his mother, once to 16 yuan. Sending money to mother four times a year is something that cattle will never forget in their first few years as soldiers. With the improvement of cattle's treatment, the amount and frequency of sending money to mothers also increase accordingly. Later, as soon as he got paid every month, he went to the army post office to send money to his mother. By 1987, the money sent to his mother had risen to 35 yuan every month.
Wherever they go, cows are always worried about their mothers. Every time I come home from the army, the cows will lean against their mother and tell their stories in the army. In winter, cows will warm their bedding with their bodies first, and then let their mothers sleep. He and his mother sleep in the same bed, and the cow will put her feet in her arms to keep her warm. 1988, my mother was seriously ill. In order not to affect the work of herding cattle, she asked her brothers and sisters to hide it from him. When she thought of cows, she grabbed the mattress with her hand. When the cows came home, they were sad to see their mother cut several holes in the mattress.
Cows have their own understanding of filial piety. How can children in the world repay their parents' kindness? Cattle said that parents in the world will be happy as long as they raise their children. When visiting Shandong Satellite TV, Niu Niu said with tears, "Mom and Dad, I want to be your son in the afterlife", which moved the audience.
original text
"The poem [1] says:' Kaitijun [2], the parents of the people.' Without virtue [3], which [4] can obey the people, so which one is the biggest [5]? "
translate
"The Book of Songs says:' Those who enjoy themselves with the people are the parents of the people.' If there is no supreme morality, who can educate the people and make them obey domestication and create such a great cause! "
To annotate ...
[1] Poetry: refers to the Book of Songs. For the poem quoted below, see The Book of Songs, Ya Si.
[2] Kaiti: Harmonious but different, approachable.
[3] Virtue: Virtue.
[4] Who: Who.
[5] its: auxiliary words, before monosyllabic adjectives, play a role in strengthening description and state.
analyse
To unify the whole country, the most moral education is the best solution. Because only in this way can we win the enthusiastic support of the people and promote politics more easily. If the ruler can conform to the people's natural nature, make use of it and educate it, the people will not only love him like their parents, but also all political and religious measures will be easy to implement.
Typical examples show that
Leave a signpost
Legend has it that a long time ago, in a remote mountain village, there was a terrible custom: once the old people in the village could not walk, they would be abandoned by their relatives or villagers to die in the deep mountains and forests.
There is a poor man named Yaxing in the village who lost his father when he was a child, was brought up by his mother, married and had children. Although the whole family is poor and happy, my mother's weather-beaten and wrinkled face often wears a smile.
But my mother has many strange living habits and refuses to eat with her children and grandchildren for three meals a day. She must wait until they are all full before she can eat the leftovers. A few rags have been worn for more than ten years, and they have been mended again and again, but they just refuse to change them. Whenever the daughter-in-law works in the fields, she takes care of her grandchildren at home, washes and cooks, feeds pigs and raises chickens, and everything is in good order. Once, a hen was lost at home, and my mother was heartbroken and didn't eat for three days in a row. In this way, she saved food, compensated the loss of the hen and made up for her own mistakes.
Due to long-term malnutrition, my mother fell ill before she was 60. Finally, one day, my legs suddenly stopped working. When Yaxing's wife saw that the time had come, she urged her husband to abandon her mother-in-law to the mountains according to the village custom. Although Yaxing couldn't bear it, he couldn't disobey the strict village regulations and his wife's orders, so he nodded helplessly and said to his mother, "Mom, you have suffered a lot for your son for decades and never lived a good life. I will carry your old man outside today. " Mother nodded her consent.
Yaxing carried her mother for more than 10 miles, came to a vast mountain forest, and walked in along the winding and rugged mountain road. Somehow, the mother broke branches along the road from time to time on her son's back. Yaxing guessed her mother's intention-to leave a road sign when she wanted to go home afterwards. In order to completely lose her mother's way home, Yaxing deliberately circled until it was dark, so tired that she came to a big tree in the depths of the forest and put her mother down.
At this point, the night has enveloped the forest, surrounded by darkness, the trees are shining with strange shadows, and the nightingale makes a long and piercing cry from time to time, adding a little horror to the originally terrible atmosphere. Yaxing couldn't help shivering and said timidly to her mother, "Mom, you are thirsty. Wait for the child to find you water to drink. " Hearing this, the mother calmly replied, "No need, son. It's getting late, so hurry home. Your wife and children are waiting for you. My mother only wants you to take good care of your grandchildren in the future. " When Ya woke up and heard these words, his heart was full of pain. Just as he was about to turn around, his mother stopped him again, put a box of matches and a sickle into his hand, and continued to say to him, "Son, I've been chopping wood and mowing grass in this area for decades, and I've been in and out countless times. The path is better than yours." At this time, the mountains are deep and dense, the roads are dangerous in the dark, and there may be poisonous snakes and beasts. It is difficult for you to go out alone. Light the torch with this match, hold the sickle tightly for self-defense, and go home safely along the small tree next to the road I just broke ... "Hearing this, Yaxing suddenly felt like a bolt from the blue, and his legs couldn't help feeling weak. He sat down in front of the old lady and cried, "Mom, I really have no conscience. I feel so sorry for you! I want to carry you back, no matter how much pressure and resistance there are inside and outside, I must take good care of your old man all my life. "