Kindergarten safety education (1)
The Outline of Early Childhood Education points out that it is necessary to provide healthy and rich study and life activities for children, meet the needs of children's development in all aspects, and let children know the necessary safety and health knowledge and learn to protect themselves. In order to make children's physical and mental development better, we should put safety at the top of our work and reduce the possibility of accidental injury to children's physical and mental health. For the children:? Let go, don't look, don't worry about looking. ? Do your best to protect the safety of young children.
First, create a safe and good living environment for children.
At any time, safety work is always the basic point of our work. Without security, nothing else can be said. A safe living environment is a prerequisite to ensure the safety of children. Therefore, we must first create a safe and good living environment for our children. For example, some children have the habit of putting small things in their mouths. When selecting surgical materials for children, we all use large objects to prevent children from stuffing foreign bodies into their ears, nose and mouth; When going out for activities, I pay attention to observing the surroundings, carefully check the safety of the activity venue, eliminate unsafe factors in time, stand at key points to protect and remind children to pay attention to safety at any time; Strictly implement the health and safety disinfection system to ensure the safety of children, ensure the classroom is ventilated and clean every day, ensure the safety and hygiene of tables and chairs, disinfect toys regularly, ensure the dormitory is clean and ventilated, and prevent infectious diseases in time; Stay away from children's drugs. Drugs must be kept out of children's reach, and children's names should be recorded. Adhere to the daily morning check-up, ensure that children do not bring dangerous goods into the park, and pay attention to the temperature of boiling water and meals to prevent scalding children.
Second, safety education should be integrated into daily life to improve children's awareness of self-protection.
As a teacher in a small class, the children in the class are young and lack the ability to protect themselves. Teachers should do their work in the smallest detail. First of all, there must be a good order. The formation of good order comes from the development of children's daily life behavior norms. For children, we must be strict and start from bit by bit, so that children can always remind themselves or others to pay attention to safety on the basis of safety awareness and minimize accidents. For example, children in small classes don't know how to be humble, especially when they go in and out and pick up boiling water, they often push and shove, and educate children to consciously queue up to wash their hands, drink water and urinate; The safety queue for going up and down stairs goes to the right; Education does not follow strangers and does not eat what strangers give; Know not to leave parents or groups casually; Educate children not to put their hands between doors, tables and chairs to avoid squeezing injuries; When playing large toys in outdoor activities, don't push, squeeze and slide one by one, so that children can supervise each other and ensure their safety; Teach children not to touch the electrical outlet, do not bring a knife, pay attention to safety in paper-cutting in manual classes, and know how to use scissors correctly; Education does not put paper balls, buttons, zippers, etc. Into the ear, nose and mouth; Infiltrate relevant safety knowledge in teaching activities, let children know the numbers and uses of emergency call numbers 1 10, 120, 1 19, and call for help in case of emergency, so as to eliminate unsafe factors to the maximum extent.
Third, cultivate children's self-protection ability and reduce the occurrence of homicide accidents.
Strengthening safety protection is not to leave children around, which is not conducive to the healthy development of children. Accidents can be avoided if children can have certain sports skills and improve their physical development level. Therefore, we attach great importance to children's outdoor activities, so that children have enough time to exercise and improve their sports ability. In addition, conduct safety drills every month, so that children can learn to protect themselves and save themselves during the drills.
Fourth, families should cooperate closely to further deepen children's self-protection education.
Parents' garden, parents' meeting, etc. It is used to publicize the importance of safety education to children, enhance parents' awareness of cultivating children's self-protection ability, and introduce some common safety knowledge in daily life to parents, so that parents can understand and explore some good methods to protect children's health, so that safety education can win parents' cooperation and support, and synchronous education between kindergarten and family can be implemented.
In short, we should always be vigilant at work, put safety first, keep our eyes on the children, and the teacher's eyes will follow wherever the children go. We should strive to create a safe activity environment for young children, and naturally carry out various safety education activities in all aspects of kindergarten life, education and teaching activities and games. Only through various activities, let children know simple knowledge and methods of self-protection, can we really ensure the safety of children.
The second part of kindergarten safety education
The safety of kindergartens is the premise of their survival and development. The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) clearly points out: "Kindergartens must give priority to ensuring children's lives and promoting their health." However, due to the limited ability of children's self-protection, some kindergartens only attach importance to children's passive protection, cancel activities that may have potential safety hazards to ensure safety, lower educational requirements and standards in pursuit of safety, restrict children's activities in order to ensure safety, fasten children's "safety belts" tightly, and ignore the active guidance of children's active self-protection, so that children cannot move freely and play freely. Such over-protection is tantamount to no protection. Children's safety needs not only the protection of adults, but also safety education. Therefore, our garden regards safety education as one of the important contents of kindergarten education, and through doing a good job in kindergarten safety education, we can improve children's safety awareness and safety prevention knowledge and skills.
First, it is necessary to strengthen organizational management, clarify safety responsibilities, fully implement the safety responsibility system, and improve the internal safety management system of kindergartens.
(a) to establish a sound safety work system, a clear division of labor, to have a person in charge of this work, regular safety work conference system, signed a letter of responsibility for safety; Clarify the work tasks, job responsibilities, staffing system and accountability measures of key parts such as doorman, canteen, dormitory and duty room; There is a strict system for picking up and dropping off children.
(two) a comprehensive investigation of kindergarten internal security risks. Conduct a comprehensive investigation of all kinds of buildings, water, electricity, gas, heating and other infrastructure, living service facilities, public places, etc. In kindergarten, strengthen the inspection of campus facilities and aging wires and lines, eliminate all kinds of security risks, and ensure that no dead ends are left. To find out the security risks should be dealt with immediately and rectified immediately. Sort out what can be handled internally, and ask relevant departments to help solve what can't be handled.
(3) Strictly control health care and diet to ensure the healthy growth of children. 1, close the purchase channel. The goods purchased by purchasing personnel must have complete "three certificates", and it is strictly forbidden to buy "three noes" products. Cooking staff strictly control production. . The responsibility of cooker management lies with people, so as to prevent children from food poisoning. 2, adhere to the policy of prevention first, nip in the bud, carry out all kinds of vaccination work in a planned way, the vaccination rate should reach 100%. It is necessary to give Chinese medicine to children in spring and autumn every year to prevent various infectious diseases, to teach parents about preventive health care of children's oral hygiene, and to give oral examinations to all children. 3. Refine the health examination. In daily work, purposeful health examination is combined with irregular spot checks, and the examination results are included in the assessment of faculty and staff, which is linked to bonuses. The responsibility for ultraviolet irradiation, window ventilation and tableware disinfection lies with people, so that the windows are bright and clean, the environment is beautiful and there are no dead ends, and the children are clean and healthy without weeds. In addition, health knowledge and safety protection education are carried out irregularly to cultivate children to develop good living and health habits.
Second, strengthen safety education and enhance children's self-protection ability.
Children are in the stage of physical and mental development, lacking life experience and common sense in all aspects of society and nature, and their self-care ability is poor. Although teachers and parents are trying their best to take care of them carefully and minimize accidents, we should know that adults' protection for children is limited after all. Therefore, while paying attention to and protecting children, we should also teach them the necessary safety knowledge and improve their self-protection ability. It is more reliable to give the safe golden key to the child. Therefore, kindergartens should carry out safety education for children consciously, planned and purposefully through health education activities, seize all effective links in daily life and strengthen education at random. Teachers, like mothers, should "keep an eye on six ways" and "know the child's physical condition and mental state and see what the child is doing" to prevent major safety accidents from the source and reduce the occurrence of general accidents.
Good living habits and self-protection education are closely combined and complement each other. By doing what children can do and developing good behavior habits, children can avoid harm. For example, let children develop the habit of touching and blowing before eating and drinking, which can avoid scalding their mouths and hands; Walking and running on the right, crossing the intersection and walking at the traffic lights can greatly reduce the probability of collision with peers or passing vehicles. Tie your shoelaces tightly to avoid falling and injury, pick out the thorns before eating fish to avoid swallowing them, and avoid foreign bodies entering the trachea without laughing or slapping when eating. These are common problems in daily life. Families and kindergartens should cooperate with each other, repeatedly emphasize and persevere, so that children can establish good living habits and get up.
(A) Infiltrate safety education from the environment
The kindergarten environment not only plays a beautification role, but also provides opportunities for children to learn and communicate. We pay attention to the rational use of kindergarten environmental resources and infiltrate safety education, which can make children improve their safety awareness and understand the common safety protection measures in life. The first is to set up safety signs. Draw all kinds of safety signs on the walls of every corner of the kindergarten, so that children can easily and naturally understand all kinds of safety signs during daily activities, after school and at school. The second is to open up a publicity column for safety education. Each class set up a special safety education knowledge column in the family contact column to achieve the purpose of safety education by changing the safety education content regularly; Wall newspapers such as "Traffic Safety", "Fire Safety" and "I Know About Earthquakes" have been made on the interactive wall in the classroom, so that children can learn about safety knowledge and improve their self-care ability while enjoying colorful printed materials and learning catchy nursery rhymes and easy-to-understand stories. The third is to create a small gallery of safety education. Let the children be the masters of the kindergarten environment and express their understanding of life with the painting skills they have learned, such as painting activities such as "fire safety group painting", "lively crossroads" and "planning and marking", which not only gives play to the children's subjectivity, but also provides a platform for them to share experiences, expand their learning space and strengthen their safety awareness.
(2) Conduct safety education randomly from children's daily life.
A day's life in kindergarten is also inseparable from safety education. When children enter kindergarten, doctors and teachers should carefully check their pockets and remind them not to put dangerous goods such as beads, buttons, sticks and lighters in their pockets to avoid dangerous accidents. Teachers should pay attention to supervision and inspection in daily life, seize the random safety incidents in daily life, and enhance children's self-care awareness; When children eat, teachers should remind children to pay attention to safety in time to prevent scalding accidents, and educate children not to laugh and play when eating, so as to avoid foreign bodies eating pipes by mistake; Remind children to pay attention to safety when opening and closing the door and see if their hands are on the door cabinet. In addition, teachers use life examples to educate children, such as randomly shooting children playing with toys, playing with outdoor paintings of large equipment, VCD pictures, etc., so that children can analyze how to play with danger and how to play with safety, and let children know the importance of protecting themselves through the reproduction of real scenes. In safety education activities, teachers pay attention to the cultivation of children's emotional safety, so that children do not panic, fear and feel safe when danger comes.
(C) to carry out safety education games to improve children's safety awareness.
Children learn and grow through games, which are their favorite activities. We ask teachers to create a game environment related to safety education, so that children can experience emotions in a relaxed and happy atmosphere, guide children to explore independently and improve their self-protection ability. Sentry box, red light, sidewalk safety sign, etc. in role games. They are all set up, so that children can play the role of traffic police, form the habit of obeying traffic rules, and know safety knowledge such as not sticking their heads out of the window when taking a car. The phone is set in the game. Children can learn to dial 1 19, 120, 1 10 and so on. Let children know the emergency measures in life and ask for help in case of accidents.
Third, parents should actively cooperate with kindergartens to strengthen safety education for children and improve their safety awareness.
Parents' support and cooperation is the basis of guiding children's self-protection education. Parents' work is the bridge between kindergarten and family, and kindergarten activities cannot be separated from parents' support and cooperation. To change parents' ideas, we should not only walk out of the arranged substitution, but also walk out of the laissez-faire and actively publicize all kinds of safety awareness. And let parents know and participate in kindergarten activities, so that they can understand the feasibility and necessity of cultivating children's self-protection ability.
Kindergarten safety work is the foundation of all kindergarten work. Only when the safety work is implemented can the kindergarten work be carried out smoothly. Therefore, kindergartens must always put safety work in the top priority position, raise awareness and clarify responsibilities, so as to ensure the safety of children and promote their healthy development.
The third part of kindergarten safety education
Kindergarten children are mostly 3-5 years old, lacking knowledge and experience and independent action ability, but lively and active, wanting to see, touch and move everything, often unaware of the danger of dangerous things they come into contact with and lacking the ability to protect themselves. Kindergarten is a collective educational institution, unlike children who can receive one-to-one or even several-to-one education and protection at home. Kindergarten teachers are few, and there are many children. A teacher has to face many children. Children's activities in kindergartens are large, and there are many interactions between children, which makes children in a more complex and diverse environment. If there is no guarantee of personal safety, other guarantees will become empty talk. In the "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education", it is also clearly pointed out: "Safety education in kindergartens should be put in the first place in all work". Therefore, it is particularly important to carry out safety education for children. As a kindergarten teacher, based on my experience in getting along with young children over the years, I would like to talk about my views on the development of early childhood safety education from the following aspects.
First, strengthen children's daily safety education and improve their safety awareness and protection ability. In the daily educational practice, our safety education for children often stays on the surface, or children passively accept "what you can't do and what you shouldn't do". The effectiveness of safety education is not enough, and the practical operation is often not paid enough attention in safety education, which is manifested in more preaching and children's low interest in learning. Once things happen, young children don't know what to do. This requires teachers to make rational use of children's daily activities for safety education.
(1) Use the conversation activity of "Danger around me" to educate children to avoid dangerous things and not to do dangerous things. Water, fire and electricity are very dangerous for children. In ordinary activities, tell children not to play with fire and not to play by the water; Can't play with electric plugs and sockets, can't play with electrical appliances; Avoid being struck by lightning when it rains. Don't take shelter from the rain under big trees, and don't walk on hillsides or empty highlands. Can't shoot slingshots at each other; Don't climb trees; Don't jump from a height; Don't put anything in your mouth to avoid poisoning. Such as: "How to drink water?" I poured a cup of hot water for the children to talk about. During the activity, the children expressed their views one after another. Gao Qi said, "The cup is steaming. It must be very hot. Can't drink it right away. " Li Xinyi said, "Touch the outside of the cup with your hand. If it is hot, you can't drink it. " Li Xinyang said: "When drinking water, you should blow it first, then sip it first, so that it won't burn." (2) Say "Who is right and who is wrong" by looking at the pictures, so that children can better understand the safety rules. Prepare some small pictures with "hot water, medicine, food, toys" and other safe and dangerous things for children to tell which ones are safe and which ones are dangerous. For example, children can't go out of the park by themselves, and they can't go to other classes casually; Go up and down the stairs one by one, don't push or squeeze, and don't slide down from the handrail; When pushing the door, push the door frame, not the glass, and don't put your hand under the door; Don't walk back and forth in the car when riding, and don't stick your hands and head out of the window. You can also let children know more safety rules, such as traffic rules and game rules, through teaching activities, so as to improve their ability to judge things and thus improve their foresight.
(3) Use the art activity of "I can design safety signs" to let children know about the potential dangers and possible injuries. Children are inexperienced and often unaware of the dangers around them. Through some common safety signs, let children know the possible dangers and injuries, the potential dangers in families, kindergartens and social public places, and let children know what dangers will happen under what circumstances and how to avoid or reduce them. Let children take the initiative to acquire certain safety knowledge and help-seeking methods, and establish safety awareness. For example, through the activity of "I will design safety signs", we posted signs prohibiting touching on the TV and power switch in the class; There is a sign on the windowsill that prohibits climbing; There are signs of falling danger in the corridor, such as ambulances, fire engines, police cars, fixed telephones and mobile phone models. Be placed in a safe corner of the activity area; Safety maps, 1 10, 120, 1 19 are all marked.
(4) Improve children's safety cognitive ability through "telling stories". Safety education needs to be organically combined with daily life. For example, by telling stories like "Xiao Ming is lost", "Don't go with strangers" and "What should I do if I get lost with my parents". "Watch out for bad guys" and other activities, let children know that they have to wait for their parents to pick them up when they go home, don't trust strangers, don't go with strangers, and don't eat things given by strangers. Teach children not to lock the door when they are alone at home, not to open the door at will, and not to open the door when they hear a knock at the door. They can say, "My parents are not at home, please come back later" and don't open the door for strangers. In this way, children can learn how to save themselves safely and know how to protect themselves and make themselves safe. For another example, through the story of "small hands talk about hygiene", children are not only taught the correct way to wash their hands, but also told that washing their hands can prevent diseases.
In short, through the conscious daily safety education for children, not only can we avoid some accidental injuries and misfortunes, but we can also improve children's own safety awareness and protection ability and lay the foundation for the development of children's safety behavior ability.
Second, pay attention to environmental safety and create a good safety education atmosphere. "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education" points out: "Create a good environment suitable for education and provide every child with opportunities for learning and expression. The ancients said: "Human nature is like silk. When the sky is dyed, it will fade, and when it is yellow, it will be yellow. "It can be seen that the importance of environmental education is not only one of the important factors for children's development, but also plays an important and irreplaceable role in children's safety education. It can subtly enhance children's safety awareness and enrich their safety knowledge.
(1) Enrich safety education in the physical environment We should carefully create the physical environment of kindergartens so that children can receive vivid, intuitive, vivid and comprehensive safety education in this environment. First of all, let children acquire safety knowledge subtly through the environment. This requires kindergartens to pay attention to this principle in the creation of environment. There are not only cute cartoon characters and colorful patterns in the wall design, but also children's songs and short stories that attract children to actively interact with the environment, such as "Breaking the jar to save friends" and "Little Red Riding Hood", so that children can learn safety knowledge unconsciously. Secondly, the outdoor environmental facilities of kindergartens should also be inspected and maintained regularly. Where there are potential safety hazards, children should be affixed with their own safety signs-big eyes, which can remind children to pay attention to safety.
(2) Safety education in a harmonious and orderly spiritual atmosphere As the saying goes, "Teaching by example is more important than teaching by words." Teachers' words and deeds have a subtle educational effect on children. Teachers should give full play to the role of role models to carry out safety education, so that abstract safety knowledge can be concrete and visualized, and children can easily accept it. For example, before sliding the slide, let the children watch the performances of gypsum bears, seesaws, naughty monkeys and other safety situations, and flexibly compare the different attitudes of bears and monkeys before and after playing, so that the children can see at a glance how to play correctly to avoid injury. In this way, children will not be crowded when playing with large toy slides, and the children behind will not slide down when the children in front have not slid to the bottom to leave; When playing swing frame, you will sit still and tighten the swing ropes on both sides with your hands; When playing the seesaw, you should not only sit still, but also know to hold the handrail with both hands. When playing with small toy glass balls, don't put them in your mouth, ears or nose to avoid injury. Montessori once said, "You will forget after listening, remember after reading, and understand after doing." Teachers should set an example and infect every child with their own educational behavior.
Third, strengthen teachers' safety awareness and strengthen teachers' safety guidance. In order to avoid taking on more safety responsibilities, individual kindergarten teachers blindly restrict children's activities instead of going deep into all aspects of teaching, lacking proactive measures. It often happens that once the kindergarten class has an accident, needle bleeding or sprained fracture, kindergarten teachers are afraid to take their children out for a long time, but this practice is "blocking" rather than "sparse". It is impossible for us to cancel children's normal activities and lower the basic educational requirements because of safety problems. Teachers should not hold the idea of "less activities and fewer accidents" and forbid children to engage in so-called dangerous outdoor sports activities, such as running, jumping, climbing, "sliding slides" and "swinging". Letting children only stick and not cut in manual and calculation activities will bind their hands, feet and brain. This not only can't fundamentally solve the safety problem of children, but also deprives children of the opportunity to improve their self-protection ability through practice and operation. Therefore, instead of "choking on food" for safety, we should dialectically handle the relationship between safety and activities, strengthen teachers' safety reminder, guidance and help in various activities, and change passive prevention into active prevention.
(A), teachers must establish a "rather than deal with it afterwards, it is better to nip in the bud" safety awareness According to the survey, children's accidents often occur when teachers are careless and lack certain safety knowledge. Therefore, in our work, we can't take chances and take it lightly, thinking that "accidents are hard to prevent and inevitable", but we should firmly establish the idea of "safety first", always tighten the string of "safety" and always be vigilant, so as to "let go of looking around and look around with trepidation". At the same time, teachers should guide children to understand life in various ways and learn to cherish life. Knowing that human life is precious, life is only once for a person, and there are various factors that are unfavorable to life in the environment where we live. For these factors that are not conducive to life and health, we should learn to distinguish, avoid, deal with and prevent harm. For example, let children know that they can't play on the road, and passing vehicles may endanger health and even life; You should know how to go with adults when you go out. If you get lost, you can't go with strangers. You should ask uncle police, aunt clerk and uncle doorman for help. Know how to protect animals, but don't play with small animals too much and stay away from animals that are harmful to people. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of children during the activities. For example, children's self-control ability is relatively poor in the environment of washing hands and going to the toilet. At this time, teachers should give full play to their guidance and protection responsibilities and avoid danger as much as possible. In many activities, teachers should keep close to most children, and two teachers should take care of children in different places. When doing outdoor activities, teachers should try to stand in a wider sphere of influence and keep all children in sight, which can effectively prevent some injury accidents.
(2) Teachers should use language to remind and help at will to cultivate children's good safety behaviors and habits. Physiologists believe that "habit is an automatic conditioned reflex." Nerve cells in early childhood have short reaction time and are prone to form conditioned reflex, that is, it is easy to form habits. Adults should seize this educational opportunity to help children develop good behavior habits and reduce the occurrence of injury accidents. Children are young, with poor consciousness and self-control, so it is impossible to cultivate safe behavior once or twice. Teachers give random guidance and help to children's safety problems in activities, such as reminding children before activities, giving random guidance and help to children during activities, and conducting necessary inspections after activities. Through regular reminders, guidance and help, children's good safety behaviors are constantly strengthened, and conscious safety behaviors and good safety habits are gradually formed. For example, when painting, the head is too low, and when playing with sand, the sand rises. At this time, teachers should seize the favorable opportunity to remind and guide children's behavior in time, especially when they see children doing something exciting, chasing and holding dangerous goods. Teachers should stop it in time, which can not only ensure the safety of children, but also carry out personalized safety education for children and help them establish good safety behaviors and habits.
Fourth, family education, forming a joint force of safety education "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education" emphasizes: "Family is an important partner of kindergarten." Children spend more time with their families. Some families don't pay enough attention to their children's safety, and parents don't take precautions against their children's curiosity and adventurous spirit, which can easily lead to accidents. For example, the items at home are placed casually, so that children can touch and play casually; If you put the lighter on the coffee table, it is very easy for children to play and cause a family fire. Some medicines, pesticides and other items at home are randomly placed, and children often eat and drink by mistake. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out safety education in the family.
(1) Improve parents' safety awareness and cognitive level, and get mutual cooperation and help. Kindergartens can introduce the significance, objectives, plans and matters that need parents' cooperation to parents in detail by holding parent-teacher conferences. At the same time, parents can also be issued a "children's self-protection ability" questionnaire, asking parents to truthfully fill in the self-protection situation of their children at home and find problems from the information feedback from parents. Kindergartens regularly post small common sense about children's self-protection ability on the home contact column, and publicize some methods to cultivate children's self-protection ability to parents. In order to let children practice "what should I do when I am in danger?" In parent-child activities, kindergartens should also design more safety games for children to play with their parents, so that children can feel the joy of playing with their families and learn simple safety knowledge and escape skills. For example, for children with nosebleeds, show parents and children the correct way to deal with them: first, tilt your head back, block your nostrils with clean soft paper or cotton wool, then apply cold water to your forehead, keep quiet for a while, don't move, and so on. With the support and cooperation of parents, safety education will get twice the result with half the effort.
(2) Encourage parents to strengthen their children's safety practices and strengthen their safe behaviors. If parents often help their children practice, it will help them establish a stable dynamic orientation and gradually form habits. For example, after the safety teaching activity of "eat more safe food and eat less junk food", a letter to parents can be used to convey this safety message to parents. At the same time, parents are also expected to set an example, eat more safe food and less junk food, and praise and encourage their children to behave appropriately.
When parents take their children out, they can guide them to see where there are safety signs, such as: the red sign is forbidden, the yellow sign is a warning, what is the meaning of the pattern on the sign, and warn people about what is forbidden. At the same time, parents remind young children to follow the signs to avoid danger. There are also some items that will do harm to children, such as disinfectants commonly used at home and toilet cleaner. Parents should make their children aware of its harmfulness. Never put a liquid that is not a drink in a drink bottle to avoid being eaten by children and causing unnecessary harm.
In short, infant safety education is a long-term and arduous task, with only a starting point and no end. Let's work together to contribute to children's safety education, provide a healthy and safe growth environment for children, and ensure that every child grows up healthily and happily!