Keywords: Tao Xingzhi; Life education thought; arouse
First, the content of Tao Xingzhi's China's educational thought.
Tao Xingzhi believes that "the fundamental meaning of education is the change of life, and life is always the same, that is, life always contains the meaning of education". Life contains the educational function for people, and education develops with the change of life. Mr. Wang's life education thought mainly includes three aspects:
(A) Life is education
What kind of life, what kind of education, a good life is a good education, a bad life is a bad education. Teacher Wang believes that education comes from life, and life itself is actually a special education. Education should take life as the center, and education should serve life. What kind of life do you want and what kind of education do you receive? From the relationship between life and education, life determines education; But at the same time, we should also see that education and life are not the same. Education also has a negative effect on life, that is, education transforms life. Mr. Wang once pointed out: "Education is a weapon for the nation to liberate the masses and mankind." We need to get rid of those backward things. Things that are harmful to people's lives need to be thrown away in education. So as to make people's life develop in a positive direction and run education for the needs of life; Where there is life, there is education. Therefore, education and life complement each other.
(2) Society is the school.
"The whole society is a place of life and education." Society is school is another important proposition of Mr. Tao Xingzhi's life education theory, which is accompanied by life is education. Because society is broader than school, many things can't be learned in school. Therefore, it is necessary to expand schools and make society a school. Any place where we live can be the place where we receive education; Society and schools have turned the education of book knowledge into the education of social activities, and education is no longer limited to reading and writing in schools, but extends to social labor; Society, that is, school, is an extension of time and space, expanding the objects of education and the content of learning, and allowing more people to receive education. This concept links school education, family education and social education, forming a complete education system.
(C) the integration of teaching and learning
Traditional teaching means that teachers only need to teach and students only need to learn. Mr. Tao Xingzhi thinks that such education is too rigid and closed. Therefore, he put forward "the integration of teaching and doing", that is, "the method of teaching is based on the method of learning, and the method of learning is based on the method of doing; Let teachers and students combine teaching and learning by doing and going to school, and work hard on labor instead of separating education from labor. Emphasis should be placed on acquiring knowledge through doing activities. He believes that doing is the beginning of knowing, and knowing is the achievement of doing. Form is doing, and doing is the source of knowledge and the foundation of innovation. In real life, we must experience, experience and practice. Practice is the only criterion for testing truth. Only in this way can we know the truth and grasp the objective laws of things.
Second, the evaluation of Tao Xingzhi's life education thought.
Tao Xingzhi's life education thought includes three core contents: "life is education", "society is school" and "teaching integration", but the simple three words contain profound educational thoughts.
"Life is education" education can not be separated from life. Mr. Wang's life is education, which focuses on the learning process and is related to the reality of life. Books are just tools, not the purpose of learning. We are educated because we want to adapt to life better. Therefore, the choice of educational knowledge should not be too high and divorced from the reality of life. If education is not implemented, students' knowledge level will not be improved, probably because their daily life is too far away from knowledge, which leads to students' insufficient understanding ability, low acceptance and low learning efficiency. Therefore, education needs to be closely linked with life.
"Society is school" education is everywhere, and schools cannot be confined to square inches. Such a school is too narrow, and the knowledge that students can acquire is limited, which not only limits students' horizons, but also limits their creativity and imagination. Students need to go out of school to listen, see and smell in nature, so as to get a real sensory experience. Improve students' understanding of nature and cultivate students' understanding of beauty. The school is an ivory tower, but the students in it will come out to face the society sooner or later, so we need students to experience the society and feel the lives of others. Exercise students' perseverance and cultivate their hard-working spirit. But it also needs the support of society and parents. The society needs to provide students with suitable experience posts to ensure their safety. Parents should also learn to let go and let their children grow independently.
In the classroom, teachers can't teach at will. Need to consider the development of students. To impart knowledge to students, teachers need to learn it well. In the process of teaching, think back on how you learned and teach students in your own way. Moreover, it should be noted that in the teaching process, students should not only be taught knowledge, but also be taught learning methods, thus teaching students to learn. Students can't study blindly without goals, but should find their own learning methods. Such teaching and learning can not only improve students' learning efficiency, but also improve teachers' teaching efficiency, so as to achieve the goal of getting twice the result with half the effort. If a teacher wants to be a good teacher, he should not only master teaching skills, but also be able to do research. Be able to find problems and solve them. Similarly, students want to be an excellent student.
Although Mr. Tao Xingzhi's life education thought has some regrets-ignoring the teaching of systematic knowledge. (Culture is the product of history, history is fluid, and social conditions will change with the evolution of history. But the knowledge they left behind is eternal. We can't connect this knowledge with our real life, nor can we put it into practice. The only way for us to acquire this knowledge is from books or teachers. However, Yu's defects cannot be concealed, and its rich connotation deserves our in-depth study.
To sum up, Mr. Tao Xingzhi's life education thought deserves our study and reference.
Thirdly, the enlightenment of Tao Xingzhi's life education thought to education and teaching.
(1) The Enlightenment of Tao Xingzhi's Life Education Thought on Primary Education.
The concept of life education pays attention to teaching and learning. Teachers should not only teach, but also learn in the process of teaching. You can't directly instill knowledge into students, but you should play a guiding role and give the classroom to students. Pupils' cognitive and emotional development is not perfect, and students in the lower stage are mostly in the stage of concrete image thinking, while students in the higher stage are not perfect in abstract logical thinking. Therefore, in teaching, teachers can use intuitive teaching AIDS to connect teaching content with students' existing knowledge and experience. Turn knowledge into something familiar to children. Make them within reach. Help students construct knowledge. For example, in the course of understanding decimals, you can set up life situations in the introduction part. Show the students a short video in the supermarket and ask them to observe the prices of those items on the shelves and find the decimals they haven't learned before. Ask the students to discuss what it is, where have you seen it except in the supermarket ..... to stimulate students' desire to explore and their initiative in learning; When we open the students' textbooks, we can intuitively see that the contents of the textbooks are closely related to life. For example, mathematics in the third grade of primary school. In the process of wide-angle collection of mathematics, the textbook selects the competitions that students have experienced in school and life for students to discuss and find problems. In teaching, we can dig out the contents related to life in textbooks, set up situations to attract students' attention, and let students participate in multi-sensory activities such as hands, brain, eyes and mouth.
(2) The enlightenment of Tao Xingzhi's life education thought to the cultivation of university talents.
Life is education, education should serve life, and school education should be linked to life. Therefore, in addition to theoretical teaching, students' practical part can't be left behind. In order to make students better adapt to the social environment and their own careers after graduation. Many universities will arrange for students to go to social practice during their studies. For example, many interns in normal universities arrange students to meet with primary schools first. In addition, primary school teachers are arranged to give one-on-one guidance to students. In this process, students can consult the teachers in their posts and ask them to solve their doubts. Experience the education work in advance, so as to find out the existing problems or deficiencies, better cultivate skills and make ideological preparations for future study and life. This arrangement can make students better adapt to work and teaching career after graduation.
(C) the impact of Tao Xingzhi's life education thought on the relationship between teachers and students
Life education advocates life education. Let teaching live, let classroom live, and let learning live. Therefore, teachers are required to interact with students. Students should be regarded as the main body of learning and respected. Teachers should not only teach, but also learn in the process of teaching. Integrate with students and establish a good relationship between teachers and students. In the silent data given by Zhang Qihua, the prince of mathematics, in an open class, the teacher asked, "Can you give an example of any silent data in our life?" ? Immediately, a girl raised her hand to answer. She linked her life and said that her father likes smoking. He knows that smoking is bad, but he can't give up smoking. Whenever my mother tells him to give up smoking, he says that many friends around him smoke and it's nothing. The little girl's example surprised Mr. Zhang Qihua. He didn't expect that in the primary school classroom, children could actually tell such an example based on a more abstract concept for them. He immediately praised the little girl, saying that he had attended this class many times and had given children as good as them, but no one could ever give such an example in class. And in the later teaching process, Mr. Zhang also suggested that this example of this little girl should be included in her teaching content and learn from her in the future. The teacher generously said that he would learn from the students and gave great affirmation to the students' achievements, which undoubtedly reflected the teacher's respect for the students. It shortens the distance between teachers and students and is conducive to the establishment of a harmonious relationship between teachers and students.