2. Pause at the end of the statement, with a period.
For example:
(a) Beijing is the capital of People's Republic of China (PRC).
(2) Modesty makes people progress, while pride makes people lag behind.
(c) Asia has a vast territory, spanning cold, warm and hot areas, and its climate is complex and diverse, because different landforms have different distances from the ocean.
3. At the end of the soothing imperative sentence, a period is also used. A moment, please. 1. The question mark is in the form of "?" .
2. Stop at the end of the question and use a question mark.
Have you ever seen a golden monkey?
What's his name?
Go or not?
At the end of the rhetorical question, also use a question mark.
Don't you know me?
How can you say that? 1. The exclamation point is in the form of "!" .
2. Stop with an exclamation mark at the end of the exclamatory sentence.
For example: (1) Strive for the prosperity of the motherland!
(b) How I want to see his old man!
3. A strong imperative sentence also ends with an exclamation point.
(1) Get out!
Stop shooting!
4. A rhetorical question with strong tone also ends with an exclamation point.
I can't compare with him! 1. The comma is in the form of ","
If there is a pause between the subject and the predicate in the sentence, use a comma.
For example, most of the stars we can see are stars.
If there is a pause between the verb and the object in the sentence, use a comma.
For example, it should be noted that science needs a person to contribute his life's energy.
If you need to pause after the adverbial in the sentence, use a comma.
He is no stranger to this city.
5. Pauses between clauses in complex sentences should be comma, except sometimes semicolon.
For example, it is said that there are more than 100 gardens in Suzhou, but I have been to more than a dozen. 1. The pause is in the form of ",".
2. Use Pause to pause between collocated words in a sentence.
For example: a) Amazon, Nile, Mississippi and Yangtze River are the four major rivers in the world.
B) A square is a quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles. 1. semicolon is in the form of ";" .
2. Pause between coordinate clauses in complex sentences, and use semicolons.
For example: (a) language, the language people use to express their feelings; Words are used by people to remember words and notes.
(2) In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Qutang Gorge is like a sluice and dangerous; Martial arts is like a winding gallery. Every song and every fold is like an excellent landscape painting, magical and beautiful. The water in Xiling Gorge is very dangerous, and there are rapids and dangerous beaches everywhere.
3. Non-coordinate multiple complex sentences (such as turning relationship, causality, etc.). ) semicolons should also be used between the front and back parts of the first layer.
For example, citizens who have reached the age of 18 in China have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of nationality, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education level, property status and length of residence; Except those who are deprived of political rights according to law.
4. Semicolons can also be used between items listed in branches.
For example:
The administrative divisions of People's Republic of China (PRC) are as follows: The whole country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities. Counties and autonomous counties are townships, nationality townships and towns. The form of 1. colon is ":".
2. Used after the address, it means to mention the following.
Comrades and friends, the meeting has begun.
3. After the words "say, think, yes, prove, announce, point out and disclose, for example, the following", it means to mention the following.
For example, he was surprised and said, "Ah, it's you!"
4. Used after the general discussion, it indicates that the following discussion is caused.
For example, the Forbidden City in Beijing has four gates: the Wumen Gate, the Shenwu Gate, the Donghuamen Gate and the Xihuamen Gate.
5. Used after the words that need to be explained, it means to lead to explanation or explanation.
For example: Foreign Language Book Fair.
Date: 65438+1Oct. 20th to165438+1Oct.
Time: 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Venue: No.0/6, Gongti East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing
Organizer: China Book Import and Export Corporation.
6. General discourse can also be preceded by a colon to summarize the above contents.
For example, Zhang Hua was admitted to Peking University and studied in the Department of Chemistry. Ping Li entered a secondary technical school, majoring in mechanical manufacturing; I work as a shop assistant in a department store: we all have a bright future. 1. quotation marks are in the form of double quotation marks and single quotation marks.
If you quote directly in the article, please use quotation marks.
For example:
(A) Einstein said: "Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination is to examine everything in the world, promote progress, and is the source of knowledge evolution."
(b) The proverb "Full strokes hurt people and moderate gains" has been circulating for at least two thousand years.
(3) The modern painter Xu Beihong's "Horse", as some critics have said, "has both form and spirit and is full of vitality".
3. The objects that need to be emphasized are marked with quotation marks.
Words with special meanings are also marked with quotation marks.
For example: (a) Looking up from the foot of the mountain, I saw the torches arranged in many zigzags, stretching all the way to the sky, connected with the stars, and I couldn't tell whether they were torches or stars.
(2) There are relatively few such "smart people".
5. When quotation marks are used inside quotation marks, double quotation marks are used outside and single quotation marks are used inside. For example:
He stood up and asked, "Teacher, what does the word' orderly' mean?" The common form of 1. brackets is the parenthesis "()". There are also square brackets [], hexagonal brackets {}, and square brackets.
2. The explanatory words in the text are expressed in brackets. Annotate a word in a sentence, including the annotation immediately after the annotation word; Annotate the whole sentence, including the comments after punctuation marks at the end of the sentence.
For example: (a) The discovery of Chinese ape-man in China is a great contribution to paleoanthropology.
(2) Writing research articles is different from literary creation, and you can't "improvise" by spreading out the manuscript paper. (In fact, literary creation needs literacy to be considered "improvisation") 1. The dash is in the form of "-".
2. The explanations in this paper are indicated by dashes.
For example: a) Step into the Golden Gate, pass through the Guangfeng Hall and the cloakroom, and you will arrive at the central hall, the hub of the Great Hall building.
B) For the happiness of the whole people, including ourselves, each of us should be conscientious and work hard.
3. The topic mutation is indicated by a dash.
For example, "It's so hot today! -When are you going to Shanghai? " Zhang Qiang said to Wang who just entered the door.
The sound is prolonged, like a dash after the sound.
For example, the train started.
5. Items should be listed and shared, and each item should be preceded by a dash.
For example, according to different research objects, environmental physics is divided into the following five sub-disciplines: environmental acoustics, optical environment, thermal environment, electromagnetism, environmental aerodynamics 1. The ellipsis is in the form of "... if it is an omission of a whole paragraph or a line, it can be represented by twelve points.
2. Ellipsis of reference is indicated by ellipsis.
For example, she gently hummed a lullaby: "The moon is bright, the wind is calm, and the leaves cover the window lattice ..."
3. The ellipsis listed is marked with ellipsis.
For example, in the flower market in Guangzhou, peonies, hanging bells, daffodils, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, camellia and orchids are crowded together in spring, summer, autumn and winter!
4. Intermittent speech can be marked with ellipsis.
For example, "I'm sorry, everyone, I didn't finish the task." 1. Bullets are in the form of ".".
2. Words, phrases and sentences that need readers' special attention are marked with bullets.
For example, business is done, not blown out. 1. The hyphen is in the form of "-",which occupies the position of a word. There are three forms of ligatures, namely "-"(the length of two words), "-"(the length of half a word) and "~" (the length of one word).
2. Two related nouns form a unit of meaning with a hyphen in the middle.
For example:
A) The area north of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains in China belongs to temperate monsoon climate zone, with high temperature and rainy summer and cold and dry winter.
B) Compound sodium chloride injection, also known as Ringlock solution, is used in medical and mammalian physiological experiments.
3. The number of connections between related times, places or numbers indicates the beginning and the end.
For example: a) Lu Xun (1881-1936) is a great writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China. Originally known as Zhou Zhangshou, 1898 was changed to Zhou Shuren, born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province.
B) "Beijing-Guangzhou" through train.
C) The Kyoho grape planted in Liyuan Township has entered a high-yield period, with an yield of 1000 kg ~ 1500 kg per mu.
4. Connect the relevant letters and Arabic numerals to indicate the product model.
For example, in the Pacific region, in addition to the HAW-4 and TPC-3 submarine cables that have been built and put into use, there are also TPC-4 submarine cables in operation.
5. Several related projects indicate gradual development with a hyphen in the middle.
For example, human development can be divided into four stages: ape-ape-man-ancient man-new man. 1. The interval symbol is in the form of "".
The boundary between the names of foreigners and some ethnic minorities is marked with a space.
For example: Da Vinci.
Aisingiorro Nurgazi
3. The boundary between the title of the book and the title of the article (chapter or volume) is marked with a space symbol.
For example, the encyclopedia of Chinese physics.
Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi and Zhuge Liang 1 There are two forms of titles: double titles and single titles.
2. The title of the book, the title of the article, the name of the newspaper and the name of the publication shall be indicated by the title.
(1) The author of A Dream of Red Mansions is Cao Xueqin.
Have you read Lu Xun's Kong Yiji?
His article was published in People's Daily.
(d) There is a copy of China Language on the desk.
3. When the book title is still used internally, the outer layer should use double book titles and the inner layer should use single book titles.
For example, the preface of China Workers was published on February 7th, 1940. 1. Proper nouns appear in the form of "-".
2. Proper names such as names of people, places and dynasties are marked with proper names.
For example, a Sima Xiangru native, from Chengdu, Han and Shu counties, was named Changqing.
Proper names are only used in ancient books or some literary and historical works. In order to match proper names, the titles of such works can use wavy lines "~ ~ ~ ~".
For example, Qu Yuan was exiled, but he was given Li Sao. Zuo Qiu was blind and Mandarin was lost. Symbol category