1, the dead Yuan knows that everything is empty, but sorrow is not the same as Kyushu. I know that when people die, there is nothing left. I'm just sad that I didn't see the reunification of China with my own eyes. )

2. Julian Waghann decided to celebrate the Central Plains Day in the north, and family members did not forget to tell Nai Weng when offering sacrifices. Don't forget to tell your father about it when the imperial army retakes the northern territory and worships the ancestors at home. )

3. Read Xiuzi silently and think about how to express the poet's feelings.

I draw sentences. (A poem expressing the poet's feelings)

L Experience emotion: Xiuzi expresses the poet's patriotic desire to restore the Central Plains and unify the whole country until his death.

Lu You (1125-1210), an outstanding patriotic poet in China, is famous for his ci works. Throughout his life and his more than 9,000 poems, he has always been permeated with a strong patriotic spirit, thus forming the most remarkable characteristics of his poetry creation and laying his lofty position in the poetry circle of the motherland. The poem "Shizi" written by him before his death is even more touching and famous all over the world:

I know that when I die, everything on earth has nothing to do with me. But the only thing that hurts me is that I failed to see the reunification of the motherland. Julian Waghann Beiding Central Plains Day, don't forget to tell Nai Weng about the family sacrifice!

Translated into modern Chinese is:

I know that when I die, everything in the world has nothing to do with me; But the only thing that makes me sad is that I didn't see the reunification of the motherland with my own eyes.

Therefore, when the day comes when Song Jun recovers the lost land in the Central Plains, you will hold a family sacrifice. Don't forget to tell your father the good news!

This poem is Lu You's masterpiece. Before he died, he was still obsessed with the territory and people of the Central Plains occupied by the Nuzhen nobles, eagerly looking forward to the reunification of the motherland, so he specially wrote this poem as a will to earnestly warn his son. From here, we can realize how persistent, deep, warm and sincere the patriotic passion of the poet is! It is no wonder that since the Southern Song Dynasty, anyone who has read this poem will be moved by it, especially when foreign enemies invade or the motherland splits, which has aroused the resonance of countless people.

Lu You lived in an era when ethnic contradictions were extremely acute in the history of China. /kloc-At the beginning of the 20th century, the Nuzhen nationality in the northeast of China established the State of Jin. In the second year after Lu You was born, Jin occupied Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the third year, Hui Di and Emperor Qin were exiled, and the country perished in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou, the younger brother of Qin Zong, fled to the south. When he established political power in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), he not only failed to recover lost ground, but appointed the notorious traitor Qin Gui as the prime minister, intending to kneel down and make peace with the Jin people. In the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1 142), the negotiation was successful. Zhao Gou was shameless, claiming to be a courtier of Guo Xu, and promised to offer 252,000 pieces of silver and 250,000 pieces of silk every year to bid for the Huaihe River with the Jin people. From then on, the great rivers and mountains in the north became the territory of the Jin people, and the vast people in the north were enslaved by the Jin people, while the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty was just a corner of peace, surviving under the threat of the enemy. Later, the Longxing Peace Conference signed by Zhao Tuo and Kim and the Kathy Peace Conference signed by Ning and Kim were still humiliating peace talks. Of course, this situation is intolerable to the vast majority of Han people who have always opposed ethnic oppression. Therefore, in this historical era, I don't know how many outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation have stepped forward and launched an indomitable struggle, and Lu You is their outstanding representative on the literary front.

Lu You lived in the late Northern Song Dynasty and the first half of the Southern Song Dynasty. Because he fled from the enemy's invasion in his childhood and was inspired by the patriotic remarks of his family and relatives, Lu You felt deeply about the serious national disaster at that time, so as early as his adolescence, he planted the seeds of patriotic revenge in his heart. Since then, this seed has taken root, sprouted, dried up and blossomed, whether it was an official in the imperial court and local government, or joined the army in the front line of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and lived in Shaoxing's hometown in his later years. Although it was constantly destroyed by wind and rain, it also grew, grew, and finally produced rich fruits. Zhao Yi, a poet in Qing Dynasty, wrote a passage in Ou Bei Shi Hua, which is very general. He said:

When Weng Fang was in his teens, he had learned the order of putting good before evil, so he was as cold as ice. As far as the meaning of Spring and Autumn Annals is concerned, it is nothing more than a transgressor, so it will remain unchanged for life. After entering Shu, under the protection of the envoy Wang Yan, he passed through Nanzheng to meet Shu and Du. He is full of ambition and really wants to swallow his hands and clouds. In all likelihood, his poems are restored. After leaving Shu, it is still three or four out of ten. After the 1970 s, ... there was no ambition to restore reputation. However, as his "Feeling the Past of the Central Plains" said, "Begging for the East China Sea to Wash the Lake and Sand" and "Travel Notes of Old Horse" said, "The drought locust in the Central Plains has declined, and Julian Waghann sent a letter to the North. When it heard the drum beating, it was still possible to win the country and Zhao Yan ",it was still unforgettable. On my deathbed, there was a saying that "Julian Waghann will set the Central Plains in the north, and the family sacrifice will not forget the words", which shows the ambition of birds flying.

Of course, the so-called "five or six out of ten" and "three or four out of ten" here are only rough statistics, and they are only quantitative and superficial; But it can also be seen that Lu You's "Su Zhi" is consistent, from small to large. Especially this poem "Xiuer" is a patriotic spark that broke out at the end of his life, and it can also be regarded as a summary of his patriotic thoughts and poems all his life.

Scholars of all ages have read the poem Xiuzi, and they are all moved by it. As early as the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu Kezhuang had a quatrain saying:

It is better to see Lu's death before death, and it is easy to get angry. Xiao Lu was ashamed and recommended Julian Waghann to Luoyang!

After the Jin Dynasty was destroyed by Mongolia in 1234, the Southern Song government moved troops from Huaixi to Kaifeng City, and divided troops from Kaifeng to recover Luoyang. Liu Yi was excited, thinking that Lu You's descendants would follow his wishes and tell Nai Weng the good news. However, the good times did not last long. The small court in the Southern Song Dynasty, dominated by singing, dancing, lakes, mountains and treacherous court officials, could not resist the fallen nomads, let alone the Mongolian army, which was "an enemy of zhangfang". Thanks to patriotic soldiers and civilians, this crumbling regime lasted for more than forty years. At this time, Lin Jingxi, a adherent of the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote a poem "Reading Lu Fangweng's Poems", the meaning of which was extremely painful. The last four sentences were:

Castle peak is full of sorrow, and the sky is full of war. When I came to the sun, I saw Kyushu children. How can I tell you about the family sacrifice?

In other words, when Lu You died, it was a pity that he didn't see Kyushu Tong. Now his grandchildren have seen this situation, but it was not the Song Dynasty that unified China, but the emerging Yuan Empire. How can such news be told to his old man's house? Of the two poems mentioned above, the first one is full of the passion of "however, I packed my books and poems crazily", and the second one expresses the grief of "the voice of national subjugation mourns". Both joy and sadness are caused by the poem "Xiuzi". Their patriotic enthusiasm is closely related to land travel.

As far as I can see, there are no fewer than 30 other comments on Lu's poems (please refer to the Collection of Research Materials on Lu You compiled by Comrade Kong and me), or they have the meaning of "crossing the river three times" or are in the same strain as Du Fu's "Loyal to the country". Some of them cry after reading, while others feel the same, from the heart. It serves to show that this poem is sincere and touching!

But most of the above people are influenced by this poem and resonate with it, but they don't have time to analyze its content in detail. What is worthy of readers' reference and recommendation is the article Patriotic Poetry by contemporary Mr. Zhu Ziqing. In this article, he divides the patriotic poems in China's classical poems into three items: one is loyalty to the ancient times, that is, loyalty to a surname; Secondly, praise the soldiers who bravely killed the enemy; Secondly, it is also hatred of aliens. And pointed out that the third item is based on nationality and has a wider scope. He believes that Lu You "has always been an official, but his patriotic enthusiasm is not just for the reputation of the Zhao family. He joined the army in the northwest and strengthened the enemy. For the sake of the nation and the country, he always has the ambition to restore the Central Plains. " Therefore, among the patriotic poems of past dynasties, he especially praised this poem "Shizi" and made a concrete analysis of it:

The poem "Shizi" is a dying work, and if nothing else, it is only said that "Beiding Zhongyuan" is his specialty. This kind of poem is only for talking to the son, not superficial. There is no need to put on airs. He can say something else. But that's all he said He thinks this is the most intimate thing. The poem says that "everything is empty" and everything can be put down; "But I'm sad, I can't see Kyushu." It's the only thing that won't fit. Although he was "dead" and "didn't see Kyushu", he believed that Julian Waghann would "explore the Central Plains one day", so he told his son "Don't forget to tell him about the family sacrifice"! Teach your son "never forget", what you see is your own obsession. This is the idealization of his patriotic enthusiasm; This ideal is the embryonic form of the belief that the country is supreme. ..... In the past, perhaps only he was worthy of being called a patriotic poet. (See Selected Works of Zhu Ziqing, 1952 Ming Kai Bookstore Edition)

Zhu Ziqing himself is an affectionate patriot, and both new and old poems are well written, so his analysis of Lu You's poems is profound. He saw Lu You's "patriotic enthusiasm and idealization" from the poem Xiuzi, in other words, the progress of Lu You's patriotic thought and the height it reached. In this regard, we can further explain and add one point: First, Lu You's love for the motherland is closely related to his thoughts and feelings of loving the people, including his deep nostalgia for the "adherents" of the Central Plains who endured death and hoped to recover, and his sympathy and pity for the people of the Southern Song Dynasty who lost their gold coins to Hu Qiang. Secondly, he is attached to the great rivers and mountains in the north which are inseparable from the motherland, such as Three Yellow Rivers in Wan Li, Five Thousand Miles of Taihua, Palace Que in Two Beijing and so on. Moreover, his love for the national language and the whole national culture is for fear of being destroyed and assimilated under the long-term rule of foreign countries, so that "the children in the East are talking nonsense", and even the whole second generation is "the sheep and fur are left behind", which has changed the living habits of the Han people and forgotten the traditions of their ancestors (for relevant examples, see Chapter 4, Part II of My Biography of Lu You). These are the main reasons why he is "sad but not with Kyushu" and eager to "establish the Central Plains in the north", which is also the fundamental content of his patriotic thought. Lenin said: "Patriotism is the deepest feeling for our country that has been consolidated for thousands of years." Including the love of hometown, motherland, people and fine traditions. These are the thoughts and feelings expressed in Lu You's poems. Therefore, Zhu Wen claimed: "Maybe he was the only poet worthy of being a patriotic poet in the past.". Although this evaluation seems to be overemphasized and is suspected of obliterating others, in order to point out the characteristics, it is still necessary to admit that it is very pertinent and fair.

Poetry expressing children is a valuable cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. Now, although seven or eight hundred years have passed since Lu You wrote the poem "Xiuer", the patriotic enthusiasm expressed in the poem is still tearful and thought-provoking. "When a bird is dying, its song is also sad; People are dying, and their words are good. " In this poem, the plaintive voice of "but we can't see Kyushu together" is still a powerful call for the recognition of the reunification and return of the motherland!

Appreciation of imperial army recovering both sides of the Yellow River

original text

Recover the north and south of the Yellow River

The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! ,

At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat.

Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. ,

However, I packed my books and poems crazily.

Sing my songs loudly, drink my wine,

In the green spring, I began to go home.

Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain,

Come from the south, then go north-to my own town! .

Modern translation

Outside the sword gate, I suddenly heard that the loyalist had recovered Jibei.

At first glance, tears spilled all over the floor.

Looking back, I wonder where the sad faces of my wife and children have gone.

I was ecstatic and picked up a collection of poems at random.

Singing during the day, drinking to the fullest,

Spring just accompanied me back to my long-lost hometown.

Immediately set out across the Three Gorges, then across the Wuxia Gorge,

Then pass Xiangyang and transfer to Luoyang, the old capital.

Brief introduction of the author

Du Fu (7 12-770) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Son, Gongxian (now gongyi city, Henan) people. Du lived in the prosperous period of Kaiyuan and the Anshi Rebellion, and his life was bumpy. His poems widely recorded the real life of this period, which is called "the history of poetry". Du Fu was good at all kinds of poetic styles, and his poetic styles were gloomy and frustrated, which had a great influence on later generations.

To annotate ...

Official army: the army of the Tang Dynasty.

Receive: resume.

Henan and Hebei: generally refers to the areas south and north of the Yellow River, equivalent to today's Henan, Hebei and Shandong areas.

Outside the sword gate: outside the sword gate, that is, today's Jiannan area in Sichuan.

Northern Hebei: Northern Hebei Province today. At that time, it was the rebel base of Anshi.

First smell: first smell.

Tears: tears.

But look; Look back.

Roll up: roll up at will.

Indulge in: To indulge in drinking.

Youth: spring.

Dam: On the Jialing River in the east of Chongqing today.

Wuxia: In the east of Wushan County, Sichuan Province.

Xiangyang: In present-day Xiangfan City, Hubei Province.

Make an appreciative comment

This poem was written by Du Fu when he lived in Zizhou. Du Fu was 52 years old this year, which was the fifth year that he drifted out of Jianmen because of An Shi Rebellion. Du Fu has been looking forward to quelling the rebellion and tracing its roots. Suddenly, when he heard that the loyalist had recovered Jibei, he burst into tears of joy and could not help himself. The author expresses his surprise mood incisively and vividly with four continuous actions: sudden transmission, first smell, but watching and rambling. In these four dynamic descriptions, the author imagines that he has passed through Basha, Martial Arts, Xiangyang and Luoyang, and returned to his dream hometown. Later generations said: "This poem is extremely happy, full of twists and turns, and the simpler it is, the simpler it is." This poem is Lao Du's "the first quick poem in life", and so on, which are all very accurate comments.

Lu You (1125-1210) is an outstanding patriotic poet in China. Throughout his life and his more than 9,000 poems, he has always been permeated with a strong patriotic spirit, thus forming the most remarkable characteristics of his poetry creation and laying his lofty position in the poetry circle of the motherland. The poem "Shizi" written by him before his death is even more touching and famous all over the world:

I know that when I die, everything on earth has nothing to do with me. But the only thing that hurts me is that I failed to see the reunification of the motherland.

Julian Waghann Beiding Central Plains Day, don't forget to tell Nai Weng about the family sacrifice!

Translated into modern Chinese: I didn't know until I died that everything in the world had nothing to do with me; But the only thing that makes me sad is that I didn't see the reunification of the motherland with my own eyes. Therefore, when the day comes when Song Jun recovers the lost land in the Central Plains, you will hold a family sacrifice. Don't forget to tell your father the good news!

This poem is Lu You's masterpiece. Before he died, he was still obsessed with the territory and people of the Central Plains occupied by the Nuzhen nobles, eagerly looking forward to the reunification of the motherland, so he specially wrote this poem as a will to earnestly warn his son. From here, we can realize how persistent, deep, warm and sincere the patriotic passion of the poet is! It is no wonder that since the Southern Song Dynasty, anyone who has read this poem will be moved by it, especially when foreign enemies invade or the motherland splits, which has aroused the resonance of countless people.

Lu You lived in an era when ethnic contradictions were extremely acute in the history of China. /kloc-At the beginning of the 20th century, the Nuzhen nationality in the northeast of China established the State of Jin. In the second year after Lu You was born, Jin occupied Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the third year, Hui Di and Emperor Qin were exiled, and the country perished in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou, the younger brother of Qin Zong, fled to the south. When he established political power in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), he not only failed to recover lost ground, but appointed the notorious traitor Qin Gui as the prime minister, intending to kneel down and make peace with the Jin people. In the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1 142), the negotiation was successful. Zhao Gou was shameless, claiming to be a courtier of Guo Xu, and promised to offer 252,000 pieces of silver and 250,000 pieces of silk every year to bid for the Huaihe River with the Jin people. From then on, the great rivers and mountains in the north became the territory of the Jin people, and the vast people in the north were enslaved by the Jin people, while the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty was just a corner of peace, surviving under the threat of the enemy. Later, the Longxing Peace Conference signed by Zhao Tuo and Kim and the Kathy Peace Conference signed by Ning and Kim were still humiliating peace talks. Of course, this situation is intolerable to the vast majority of Han people who have always opposed ethnic oppression. Therefore, in this historical era, I don't know how many outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation have stepped forward and launched an indomitable struggle, and Lu You is their outstanding representative on the literary front.

Lu You lived in the late Northern Song Dynasty and the first half of the Southern Song Dynasty. Because he fled from the enemy's invasion in his childhood and was inspired by the patriotic remarks of his family and relatives, Lu You felt deeply about the serious national disaster at that time, so as early as his adolescence, he planted the seeds of patriotic revenge in his heart. Since then, this seed has taken root, sprouted, dried up and blossomed, whether it was an official in the imperial court and local government, or joined the army in the front line of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and lived in Shaoxing's hometown in his later years. Although it has been devastated by wind and rain, it has also grown stronger and stronger, and finally produced fruitful results. Zhao Yi, a poet in Qing Dynasty, wrote a passage in Ou Bei Shi Hua, which is very general. He said:

When Weng Fang was in his teens, he had learned the order of putting good before evil, so he was as cold as ice. As far as the meaning of Spring and Autumn Annals is concerned, it is nothing more than a transgressor, so it will remain unchanged for life. After entering Shu, under the protection of the envoy Wang Yan, he passed through Nanzheng to meet Shu and Du. He is full of ambition and really wants to swallow his hands and clouds. In all likelihood, his poems are restored. After leaving Shu, it is still three or four out of ten. After the 1970 s, ... there was no ambition to restore reputation. However, as his "Feeling the Past of the Central Plains" said, "Begging for the East China Sea to Wash the Lake and Sand" and "Travel Notes of Old Horse" said, "The drought locust in the Central Plains has declined, and Julian Waghann sent a letter to the North. When it heard the drum beating, it was still possible to win the country and Zhao Yan ",it was still unforgettable. On my deathbed, there was a saying that "Julian Waghann will set the Central Plains in the north, and the family sacrifice will not forget the words", which shows the ambition of birds flying.

Of course, the so-called "five or six out of ten" and "three or four out of ten" here are only rough statistics, and they are only quantitative and superficial; But it can also be seen that Lu You's "Su Zhi" is consistent, from small to large. Especially this poem "Xiuer" is a patriotic spark that broke out at the end of his life, and it can also be regarded as a summary of his patriotic thoughts and poems all his life.