Jinyun is the hometown of Du Guangting. However, due to his high position in China's history and culture, despite his rich writings, he never wrote about himself. There are some misunderstandings about Du Guangting's hometown in some historical and present articles, so it is necessary to identify and clarify them.
one
It was probably Zhang of the Northern Song Dynasty who first caused ambiguity in Du Guangting. In Shu Lang Volume, he said: Du Guangting "is from Jingzhao, Ling Du, and lives in Chuzhou ...". Because Du's surname is divided into Jingzhao, Xiangyang, Puyang, Hanyang, Nanyang and other counties in history, the original meaning of Zhang Yuan's words is that the ancestor of Du's family in Du Guangting is Jingzhao. When Emperor Gaozu proclaimed himself emperor, Du Jizhong was in the southeast area of Jingzhao, named Du County, and later changed to Du. Du family in Jingzhao is a big surname of Du family, especially Du family in Jingzhao in Tang Dynasty, with prominent official voice and high reputation. The ancients respected counties and valued family status, so Jing Zhao became Du's most distinguished county, and Du, who was born in Jing Zhao, became his own glory at that time because of the outstanding counties and counties. Therefore, although Du Guangting's ancestors had moved to Jinyun, Chuzhou, Zhang first described him as "Jing Zhao" and then stated his permanent residence-"living in Chuzhou" in order to show the dignity of "Dujia" in Du Guangting. "Residence" is the actual rural area in Du Guangting, which can be explained by the contents of local chronicles of prefectures and counties in past dynasties. There is a section of "floating residence" in the records of past dynasties, and the original meaning of "floating residence" is migration. Liu Yu, a local chronicle, records the situation of celebrities or clans who migrated, moved to the local area or had been there and left traces. So "humble abode" is the place where Du Guangting was born and raised, which is what people used to call "hometown".
When Tao Yue wrote A Supplement to the History of the Five Dynasties in the Northern Song Dynasty, he took Zhang's statement out of context, only using the meaning of "Jingzhao people" and subjectively inferring that Du Guangting was mistaken for "Chang 'an people" because he was one of the three members of Chang 'an.
In addition, when Chen Qiqing, who is offshore, wrote "Chi Cheng Zhi", a territorial record of Taizhou, in the 16th year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (1223), he specially wrote Du Guangting as "Tiantai Man" or "Man Cang". As a scholar-type official in the Southern Song Dynasty, Chen Qi clearly knew that Du Guangting was not a "Tiantai man". Why did he describe Du Guangting as a "Tiantai man"? There are three reasons: First, because Du Guangting is a celebrity, he wrote "Tiantai Man" to show the local historical and cultural heritage through the light of celebrities. Chi Cheng Zhi is a local chronicle of Taizhou. Writing as many local celebrities as possible is also a potential wish of local chroniclers. Second, Du Guangting abandoned Confucianism and followed Taoism in Tiantai Mountain when he was young. Third, I want to play an "edge ball". Because he added "or" including Cang Ren "after saying that Du Guangting was a" Tiantai person ". "Tiantai people" and "including Cang Ren" do not seem to contradict each other. This is because he knows very well that Tiantai County was originally called Shiping (also called Heather) and later changed to Shifeng. After several changes to Yixian County, it was Chen Ping in the ninth year of Wendi (589), and Shi Feng entered Linhai County, which belongs to the state (namely, the state) (Tiantai County Records). It can be seen that Tiantai County once belonged to a closed state (a government). It is understandable that Chen wants to take advantage of the celebrities in Du Guangting, but it is really difficult for people to agree that Du Guangting is a "Tiantai person".
In view of the different opinions about rural villages in Du Guangting since the Northern Song Dynasty, Dong Hao (1740 ~ 18 18), a great scholar of the Qing cabinet and deputy director of the Siku Library, and others, after a comprehensive textual research on rural villages in Du Guangting, affirmed: "Guangting, the word is sacred, sacred." This theory was also used in Ren Chen's Annals of the Ten Kingdoms in the Spring and Autumn Period and later classics.
two
Local chronicles of various periods and places are generally classics that local people record local history, geography, customs, people, products, culture and so on, which are highly reliable. Moreover, all the chronicles of Jinyun County recorded that Du Guangting was a native of Jinyun. Perhaps this is the earliest extant chronicle of Jinyun County-The Chronicle of Jinyun County and the Chronicle of Immortals in the 23rd year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1684) contains:
"Du Guangting, city people. Tang Xiantong and Zheng Yun missed everything by mistake, so they entered Tiantai Mountain to learn Taoism. Should be a door leader. Nuozong (at that time) was lucky in Xingyuan and later hid in Qingcheng Mountain. Wang Jian of Shu was named Mr. Guangcheng at the age of eighty-five. People thought it was an autopsy. There are hundreds of volumes collected. "
It is worth mentioning here that Mr. Lu Xun, who is regarded as a great writer, thinker and revolutionary in China, wrote with great certainty in the Preface and Postscript Collection of Ancient Books: "Du Guangting was born in Binsheng, a native of Jinyun, Chuzhou." In addition, Mr. Wang Ying, an expert in modern Du Guangting studies, also pointed out in the article "A Textual Research on Du Guangting's Deeds": "It is correct to record Du Guangting as a Kucang person or a Jinyun person in the history books, but the difference is that the former refers to the mansion and the latter refers to the exact Jinyun county."
three
In modern research, Du Guangting's rural infiltration is basically unified with the theory of "Chu, Jin and Zhou Yun". However, in February, 2005, Sichuan Bashu Bookstore published "A Study of Taoist Novels in Du Guangting" written by Dr. Luo from the Institute of Ancient Books of East China Normal University, but it put forward an argument with insufficient reasons. Dr. Luo put forward in the book:
(1) "Look up Du Family Tree in Huanxi [Jinyun] and Du Family Tree in Shanghai Library [Jinyun]. Their ancestors were originally from the Northern Song Dynasty, but there is no relevant record of "Guangting".
(2) Jin Zhaofa, the former director of the local records office of Jinyun County, edited the surname of Jinyun (published by Local Records Publishing House 1999), which records: "There was Du Fu in Jinyun in the Tang Dynasty and Du Guangting was a famous Taoist. However, Ji Chuan County, Lisan County and Huanxi County in the county ... take Jingzhao as the county hope, after Du Yan in the Song Dynasty ".
Dr Luo concluded from this, "It seems that the Du Guangting clan is not rooted in Jinyun. Therefore, it is wrong to conclude that Du Guangting's native place is Chuzhou Jinyun, and there may be doubts.
One of the reasons for the wrong conclusion is that the above genealogy and ambition say that the Du family of Jinyun moved to the Northern Song Dynasty, but it cannot be concluded that there was no Du family in Jinyun before the Northern Song Dynasty. Because in ancient times, wars, natural disasters, official positions and other situations will lead to clan migration or rise and fall. In addition, there is conclusive evidence that there was a clan named Du in Jinyun in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty began in 608 and died in 907. The Five Dynasties began in 907 and were unified in the Song Dynasty in 960. We randomly selected Xie's and Pan Shi, who moved to Jinyun five generations ago, to check their ancient genealogy:
According to the genealogy of Xie's family in Wuyun, Xie's family in Wuyun settled in Jin during the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, and (902 ~ 970) and Xie Mao (944 ~ 1006) in the Tang and Song Dynasties all married Du. Ruochuan (now Houcun, Dayang Town) has a genealogy of Pan Shi, and Pan Zuo (88 1 ~ 969), the second son of Pan Mengzhi, the magistrate of Quanzhou, moved to Pan Shi in the five years of the Tang Dynasty, where he passed the word "Ruochuan" and married Du Fu (879 ~ 965439). Pan Kui (939 ~10/7), the eldest son of Pan Ding and the younger brother of Pan Zuo, lived in Ruochuan, married Du Shi (942 ~ 1022), and had two sons, Xian, who later moved to Du Qiao (now Wuyun Town).
It is clearly recorded in the genealogy of Xie and Pan Jiazong in Jinyun that many people married Du in the Tang and Five Dynasties, which is enough to conclude that before the Northern Song Dynasty, there must be Du ethnic groups living in Jinyun, but those Du ethnic groups who lived at that time disappeared in Jinyun because of migration or other reasons.
It is wrong to say that it is a conclusion. The second reason is that the feudal clan stipulates that anyone who becomes a monk can't be written into the genealogy. This is common sense. Who has seen the ancient genealogy that records the surname of "foreign" characters? Therefore, whether Du Guangting is recorded in the Family Tree of Du Family in Jinyun can never be used as the basis for judging whether Du Guangting, a "non-Party scholar", is a native of Jinyun.
four
To sum up, although there are different descriptions of Du Guangting's hometown in ancient and modern books, except that "Tiantai people" have been excluded in the last chapter, they can be mainly classified into two categories: one is Jinyun, Cuocang and Chuzhou in Zhejiang; The second is "Jingzhao Ling Du" and Shaanxi Chang 'an.
Chang 'an is Xi 'an today, and Ling Du is in the southeast of Xi 'an today. It was one of the three major auxiliary facilities of Gyeonggi in Tang Dynasty, so Jingzhao, Ling Du and Chang 'an can be considered as different expressions of the same area.
According to the records and analysis of relevant ancient books, Jinyun, Kuocang and Chuzhou are also different expressions of the same region in Jinyun. Kuocang County is located in the 9th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (589) and belongs to Chuzhou. Now the southwest half of Jinyun County is a part of Kuocang County at that time (the northeast half belongs to Yongkang County of Dongyang County). In the first year of Dengfeng (696), Wansui Hall was divided into the northeast boundary of Kuocang County and the south boundary of Yongkang County in Wuzhou, where Jinyun County was located. From the first year of Tang Tianbao (742) to the first year of Gan Yuan (758), Jinyun Prefecture was renamed Jinyun County and later Kuozhou. In the 14th year of Emperor Taizong's reign (779), the state was changed to Chuzhou (Old Tang Book, Geography and Records of Jinyun County). After the county was established in Jinyun, it was once a subordinate county of Kuozhou, Jinyun and Chuzhou. Before Kuocang County was changed to Lishui County, the southwest half of Jinyun County was included in Dakuocang County. So the so-called Kuocang and Chuzhou all refer to Jinyun County.
Zhejiang Jinyun and Shaanxi Chang 'an are thousands of miles apart, one south and one north. Du Guangting's hometown, whether it is Zhejiang in the south or Shaanxi in the north, has been answered in a poem by Du Guangting. Du Guangting's "Hongdu Theme View" (see "All Tang Poems" Volume 854) said:
Wu Ba's achievements have been completed, and he began to learn immortals by hiding in Yunlin.
Luan cranes drift from three places in Sichuan, and the waves are still remembered as five lakes boats.
Jathyapple in Shuangxi is cold and full of mountains and green smoke in autumn.
There are also homecoming, and my hometown looks east and thinks long.
This poem expresses his feelings of leaving his hometown, driving with him to Sichuan, and missing his hometown after a long separation on a starry night for a month. From the analysis of "going home by boat", its hometown should be Jiangnan, and it is convenient to "go home" by boat along the Yangtze River, instead of Chang 'an, where it is difficult to get there by crossing the Shu Road. From the analysis of "hometown looking east", its hometown must be in Zhejiang, that is, "looking east" in Chengdu, and it is by no means Chang 'an in the north.
At this point, we can definitely think that Du Guangting's specific birthplace and hometown is Jinyun. Specifically, it is those areas that were classified as Jinyun in the original Kuocang County-now southwest of Jinyun.
five
After the founding of New China, chinese editorials published 200 biographies of China thinkers. Its owners are 270 of the most representative great figures selected from more than 4,000 outstanding historical figures in various fields and disciplines from Confucius to Sun Yat-sen for thousands of years, among which Du Guangting was independently selected and passed down (partly in combination). The Story of Du Guangting was written by Ms. Sun Yiping, a professor of philosophy at Nanjing University, and published by Nanjing University Press in March 2005.
Then, on the basis of careful preparation, Zhejiang Social Science Association began the compilation of the largest scientific research project of the institute-"Biography Series of Zhejiang Cultural Celebrities". 100 The most representative outstanding Zhejiang celebrities in ancient and modern times are carefully selected in all directions. Among them, only 50 were selected in ancient thousands of years, and only 50 were selected in the twentieth century. Among the 50 famous people in ancient times, Du Guangting of Jinyun occupies a place. Biography of Du Guangting, the founder of Daomen, was written by Cai Tanggen, an associate professor at Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, and published by Zhejiang People's Publishing House in March 2005.
Du Guangting has attracted more and more attention and research from Chinese and foreign scholars. At present, in addition to the above three monographs, namely, Comments on Du Guangting, Biography of Taoist Leader Du Guangting, and Study of Taoist Novels in Du Guangting, there is also a study of Taoist philosophy in Du Guangting, which was also published by Sichuan Bashu Bookstore in February 2005.
It is no exaggeration to say that Du Guangting is one of the most famous historical and cultural celebrities in Jinyun, Lishui, Zhejiang and even China, and an outstanding figure worthy of the attention, research and development of people in his hometown.
Jin Yong called Du Guangting the originator of China's martial arts novels!
Du Guangting is one of several non-Zhang Tianshi people, a fax Shi Tian and a Taoist propagandist. Du enjoys high prestige in Daomen, and his statues are dedicated to Fu Jian Palace in Qingcheng Mountain, Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, and Lishan Qilong Palace, Jinyun County, Zhejiang Province.
Hirohito This is the rhyme of Taoist music created by Du Guangting. Music rhyme is named after its name "Guangcheng", which is rare in the music history of China. Du Guangting also standardized Taoist music in Taoist fasting (Dojo) ceremony, in order to better cooperate with the ritual activities such as static altar and walking altar in Dojo, and achieve the effects of entertaining gods, preaching and praying for disaster relief. Drum instruments have the functions of directing actions, unifying steps and coordinating people. Accompanied by broad rhyme, sense of rhythm and melodious tone, they sang empty words, chanted scriptures, step by step, step by step, breathed, danced and scattered flowers. Du Guangting is also a musician, a performing artist and a conductor.