Focus: breaking through the barriers of education system
Well-off cause, talent-oriented; The fate of a country depends on education. Education bears the heavy responsibility of shaping citizens' quality and cultivating all kinds of talents. In recent years, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have promoted education reform with great courage, and breaking through the barriers of education system has become an important focus of education reform.
Education in China implements a four-level management system at the central, provincial, municipal and county levels. In recent years, the central government has further simplified administration and decentralized power, increased the authority of local governments to manage education in the region as a whole, and promoted the close integration of education with local economic and social development. Basic education implements a system of local responsibility and hierarchical management; Vocational education is gradually established under the leadership of the State Council, with hierarchical management, local priority, overall planning by the government and social participation; Higher education is managed by the central and provincial governments, with the provincial government as the main management system.
In addition to the management system, the education system also includes the school-running system, investment system and evaluation system, which is mainly manifested in how the government and competent departments plan, guide, manage and evaluate, and how to deal with many complicated relationships among the central government, local governments and schools at all levels. At present, the mechanism of school self-operation, self-development and self-restraint has taken shape. Starting from the direct management of schools, the government pays more attention to macro-management by using legislation, funds, planning, information services, policy guidance and necessary administrative means. Primary and secondary schools implement the principal responsibility system, and colleges and universities implement the principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party Committee. Protecting teachers' political status, social status and professional status according to law has mobilized teachers' initiative, enthusiasm and creativity.
The key to deepening the reform of the education system lies in renewing the educational concept and improving the level of personnel training by reforming the personnel training system. The Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan (20 10-2020) (draft for public comment) puts forward five talent training concepts, namely, all-round development, all-people talent, diversified talent, lifelong learning and systematic training. Form a talent training system with open system, flexible mechanism, interconnected channels and diverse choices; Pay attention to the combination of learning and thinking, the unity of knowing and doing, and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.
All-round: the reform of the education system has been vigorously promoted
In 2006, the class size of high-quality middle schools in Handan City, Hebei Province actually reached more than 100, while there were only more than 20 weak schools. The imbalance of compulsory education puzzles citizens and education departments. Since 2007, Handan has systematically transformed 2 1 weak schools, established a teacher flow system, and built a city with no choice of schools in the compulsory education stage in three years. Tongling, Chengdu and Shenyang are creatively promoting the balanced development of compulsory education.
With the balanced development of compulsory education, in recent years, with the strong support of the central government, a new compulsory education system with overall planning and implementation by provincial governments and management by county governments has been gradually formed, and free compulsory education has expanded from rural areas to cities across the country, which has become a milestone in the history of China's education development. Thousands of years ago, Confucius' national dream of "teaching without class" has become a reality.
In recent years, the state has implemented the "2 11project" aimed at building 2 100 key universities and a number of key disciplines, and implemented the "985 project" to promote the construction of world-class universities and high-level universities. In view of the problems of running schools by departments, compartmentalization and low-level duplication, China has integrated educational resources on a large scale through reform measures such as "co-construction, adjustment, cooperation and merger", and the system and layout of higher education have undergone profound changes. Breakthrough progress has been made in the socialization reform of logistics. The new system has promoted the rapid development of higher education and promoted universities to serve the national and local economic and social development.
Vocational education is becoming an education for the whole society and everyone. It is employment-oriented and service-oriented, which promotes the transformation of vocational education from planned training to market-driven, from direct government management to macro-guidance, from traditional orientation to employment-oriented, and promotes the vocational education and training system of school-enterprise cooperation and work-study combination.
The state has positioned private education as a social welfare undertaking, incorporated it into the development plan of educational undertakings, and implemented the policy of "actively encouraging, vigorously supporting, correctly guiding and managing according to law", thus forming a pattern in which public schools are the main body and public schools and private schools develop together.
The government adheres to the public welfare nature of education and regards promoting fairness as the basic policy of national education. While implementing the reform of the cost-sharing mechanism of non-compulsory education, we will gradually establish and improve the policy system and institutional mechanism for subsidizing students from poor families. Establish a national scholarship and bursary system for ordinary undergraduate colleges, higher vocational schools and secondary vocational schools, improve the national student loan and the green channel system for college students, and ensure that students from poor families share the fruits of educational reform and development.
Promoting educational reform and development with open education. China has established educational cooperation and exchange relations with 188 countries and regions, and signed mutual recognition agreements with 34 countries and regions. The policy of "supporting studying abroad, encouraging returning home and coming and going freely" has been implemented, and the "National Excellent Scholarship for Self-funded International Students" has also been established.
Further build a system to promote the development of educational science.
The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward giving priority to the development of education and building a powerful country with human resources, which pointed out the direction for further deepening the reform of the education system and promoting the development of educational science.
On the whole, the development of human resources in China is still low-level, incomplete and unbalanced. In particular, the level of education development, the quality of personnel training and the knowledge contribution of schools have not yet adapted to the new requirements of building a well-off society in an all-round way and can not meet the needs of modernization and the people. The cultivation of innovative talents, especially top-notch innovative talents, is seriously insufficient; The unbalanced development of education between urban and rural areas and between regions, the unbalanced development of compulsory education is prominent, and rural education is still a weak link; The promotion of quality education still faces great difficulties and resistance, and the tendency of one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate is still very serious, and the phenomenon of excessive academic burden of primary and secondary school students is widespread; The investment in public education is insufficient, and all kinds of education at all levels are facing the problem of insufficient funds to varying degrees. In the new development stage and height, the education system is in urgent need of reform.
To further promote the reform and innovation of the education system, we need to improve the system and mechanism of giving priority to the development of education, improve the education management system with clear rights and responsibilities, improve the modern national education system, form an education and teaching system that is conducive to implementing the requirements of quality education, improve the system and mechanism that promotes education equity, form an system and mechanism that encourages outstanding talents to follow the teacher and teach for life, establish a modern school system with China characteristics, actively build a lifelong education system, and promote the formation of a learning-oriented society with lifelong learning for all.