Beijing Opera and Local Opera as a Whole
"1+X" is more effective.
The purpose of Beijing Opera in the classroom is to let primary and middle school students know about China traditional culture and art, so that the national culture can be passed down. However, China has a long history, a vast territory and rich resources, with 56 ethnic groups and a history of thousands of years. Our ancestors created many different art forms with different languages and regional cultures. On the combination of traditional culture and art and basic education, why do you choose Peking Opera?
Distinguished professor Li Weikang of China Opera Academy believes that Peking Opera has been learning from others since its birth. It is more perfect and inclusive than local operas. "It can be said that Peking Opera is an outstanding representative of traditional Chinese opera art and provides a channel for people to understand it." Tan Xiaoceng, the first-class actor of Beijing Peking Opera Theatre, pointed out: "Peking Opera is the representative of China's national culture. The significance of Beijing opera entering the classroom lies not only in supporting Beijing opera, but also in supporting traditional culture represented by Beijing opera. "
This choice has also been questioned by some experts. "Peking Opera is a national quintessence and a national treasure. Cantonese Opera, Sichuan Opera, Henan Opera, Pingju Opera and Hebei Bangzi are also national treasures. " Ching Tien, deputy director of China Intangible Cultural Protection Center, believes that the choice of promoting Peking Opera in primary and secondary schools in China is relatively simple. "In the 1980s, there were still about 380 local operas in China. In recent years, about 100 species have disappeared in the process of modernization. Moreover, unlike Peking Opera, which has been strongly supported by the state in recent years, many local operas are facing extinction and need more support, protection and inheritance. "
Mei Baojiu pointed out that the current education should also let primary and secondary school students across the country know and understand Sichuan Opera, Shaanxi Opera, Cantonese Opera and other local operas.
As a front-line worker of Beijing Opera, Liu Lu, a music teacher at Zhongguancun Primary School in Beijing, put forward the "1+X" model based on her own teaching practice. She pointed out that in the choice of drama, in addition to Beijing opera, primary and secondary school students should combine local reality and get in touch with local art forms; In the choice of repertoire, besides the required aria, some optional aria should be provided in combination with students' interests, thus providing more favorable conditions for students to better understand traditional art. The way of "1+X" has been positively affirmed by experts.
Give consideration to both traditional drama and modern drama.
The proportion is more appropriate.
Among the 15 Beijing opera aria that have been confirmed for teaching, there are as many as 9 modern Beijing operas. Can modern Peking Opera represent the Peking Opera art with a history of more than 200 years? Will it mislead primary and secondary school students' understanding of Peking Opera?
Tan Xiaoceng believes that the learning of Peking Opera is a simple and easy-to-learn process, and modern operas are catchy and have clear plots, which are very suitable for primary and secondary school students to understand and learn. Gao Gang, executive vice president of School of Journalism, Renmin University of China, pointed out, "The role of art education in basic education is all-round, which is different from ordinary art education. Its purpose is to let primary and secondary school students know the evolutionary history of the whole national culture, and to guide and cultivate students' aesthetic taste. "He stressed that Beijing opera should consider the classical principles of Beijing opera art and incorporate the most classic aria into the learning content.
Mei Baojiu believes that the spiritual connotation of traditional opera lies in "loyalty to the country, filial piety to parents, desire to correct oneself, correct oneself first, kindness and courtesy", and these spirits are more reflected in traditional opera. Mu Commanding, Chisang Town and Meeting the Prime Minister all have good educational significance, which can better represent the artistic height of traditional Chinese opera.
Wu Jiang, director of China Peking Opera Theatre who participated in the selection of "Peking Opera into the Classroom", said that in the process of selecting aria, considering the characteristics of primary and secondary school students, the first consideration is the popularity and easy learning of aria. He pointed out that it is also a fact that the proportion of modern Beijing opera is too large, which will be gradually adjusted in the next teaching practice. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education said that in the next phase of the pilot work, the proportion of traditional opera will be appropriately increased according to the students' learning situation, so that students can have a more comprehensive understanding of traditional art.
The combination of singing and appreciation
This way is more scientific.
According to the regulations of the Ministry of Education, the learning of Beijing Opera aria will be included in the music teaching in the basic education stage of primary and secondary schools, and students will learn to sing 1 to 2 Beijing Opera aria every year. Can a year 1 aria play a role in promoting traditional culture? Will students' understanding of traditional culture such as opera be too narrow?
"Appreciation is very important in art education, and appreciation and singing must be combined." Wu Zuqiang, honorary chairman of China Musicians Association, pointed out, "You can only sing a few arias, and art education is too simplistic, so your understanding and understanding of Beijing Opera is not in place." At the same time, he stressed that the wonderful singing of local operas should also be included in the appreciation content, so that students can have a richer and more three-dimensional understanding of traditional art.
Gao Gang pointed out that traditional art education should be connected with Chinese, history and other courses in primary and secondary schools, so that students can be interested in national culture and performing arts through art education and fully mobilize their learning enthusiasm.
Regarding the shortage of teaching staff, Chen, vice minister of culture, said that there are 28 national and provincial Peking Opera troupes in China, which is far from meeting the needs of teachers all over the country. He pointed out that modern means of communication should be adopted to systematically train existing music teachers and popularize multimedia teaching.