First, the importance of infiltrating life education into the work of class teachers
Professor Ye Lan pointed out in the exploratory research report of "New Basic Education" that "class is an important base for students' growth and socialization, and it is an important task of school work to improve students' class life quality and build class collectives". [2] clearly put forward to change the traditional class work mode and "return the class to the students"; [3] The new round of curriculum reform has also put forward the slogan of "student-oriented development", requiring schools to actively build a "people-oriented" education model. In my opinion, since education is a social activity with people as the object, people should be regarded as the starting point and destination of education, regardless of educational purpose or educational process, and students should not be simply trained as tools and "manpower". In other words, education should be full of humanity and humanity. Only in this way can education really play its role in educating people, and each student can achieve independent, all-round, harmonious and vivid development, thus exuding the vitality of life. Therefore, in class activities, paying attention to students' living conditions and stimulating students' life consciousness have become the new requirements and tasks of class teachers.
However, if we look at the current work of the head teacher, we will find that due to the influence of the examination baton, the head teacher and subject teachers often focus on the students' grades, various evaluations, awards and other visible achievements, while ignoring and ignoring the improvement of students' living conditions and quality of life in the class; The work of the head teacher is satisfied with the daily management and routine work, but ignores the creation of a good class living environment; Class teachers often emphasize management, obedience and control, while ignoring students' life experience and the development of life potential in the learning process. The lack of "humanistic care" in school education, especially in class teacher education, has caused great harm to teenagers and learned a profound lesson. In recent years, we often see in the media that some teenagers run away, self-harm or even commit suicide because of frustration or study pressure, and their young lives are ruthlessly destroyed by themselves. How sad and sorry! We feel that these young students' understanding of life is so superficial, their understanding of the value of life is so poor, and their psychological endurance to setbacks is so fragile! The key reason is that our current school education and teaching are seriously misplaced, and we lack in-depth thinking about the responsibilities of class teachers, the contents of school life education and the reasons why teenagers' life consciousness is weak.
(A) the responsibilities of the class teacher in the new period
Class is the birthplace of students' personality and an important garden for students to realize socialization and personalization. The head teacher is the backbone of school moral education, and the quality of the head teacher and his work directly affects the success or failure of school quality education and the effectiveness of students' ideological and moral construction. With the deepening of basic education reform, it has become the central task of school moral education to further strengthen the construction of class collectives and give full play to the role of classes in school education and teaching. As the organizer, educator and instructor of the class, the head teacher bears the direct responsibility of education and guidance for the students' life, is the guide for the healthy growth of students, occupies a special position in the formation and development of students' ideological and moral character, plays a leading role in the all-round development of students' morality, intelligence and physical fitness, and plays an irreplaceable role in comprehensively promoting quality education and communicating the relationship between schools, families and society.
With the constant changes of social situation and educational objects, the work of class teachers is facing new opportunities and challenges. The work of the head teacher is more complicated, the task is heavier and more difficult than before, and the responsibility undertaken by the head teacher is also more important. As an educator in the new era, the head teacher is faced with new social requirements, that is, how to actively and systematically develop and utilize various educational functions of the class, so as to make it a democratic and harmonious spiritual home for students who are willing to communicate, suitable for personality growth and integrated into the group and society, so that every student can fully display his spiritual world, form the motivation and ability for positive development, and jointly create a spiritual home in the process of democratic participation in class affairs. This is not only the goal of class collective construction in the new period, but also the top priority of class teachers' work in the new period.
Therefore, as a class teacher, we should scientifically grasp the laws of physical and mental development of students of different ages and personalities, and strive to explore a new class education model, taking respecting students' personalities and giving full play to students' main role as the guiding ideology, focusing on comprehensively improving the quality of class teachers' work, paying attention to connotation development, and further improving the pertinence and effectiveness of class teachers' work; We should highly understand the important role of class teachers in strengthening and improving students' ideological and moral construction, love their jobs, adhere to the people-oriented principle, unite teachers, set an example, strive to become students' intimate friends, actively explore the laws of young students' physical and mental development, and let every student develop in an all-round and positive way in class activities. In the work, we should carry out life education activities in a targeted way by building a democratic class management system, establishing an open class activity mechanism and creating a harmonious class culture atmosphere. We should pay attention to students' life consciousness, life emotion and life value and improve students' quality of life as the basic starting point and focus of the class teacher's work, and learn to appreciate students with a fair attitude, penetrating vision and broad mind.
(B) the meaning of school life education
Indian poet Tagore said: "The purpose of education should be to convey the breath of life to mankind." What should our education do? What should our education pursue? Specifically, what is life education? There are different definitions of life education in the world, which can be roughly divided into two categories: one is a broad definition, that is, all education that can pay attention to students' lives and lives is called life education. The other is a narrow definition, that is, targeted life education aimed at important issues in students' life course. Feng Jianjun, a professor at Nanjing Normal University, is an educational research scholar who systematically constructs the theoretical framework of life education in China. In his book Life and Education, he put forward the proposition that "education is life" and constructed the theoretical framework of life education in view of the phenomenon of "alienation and shielding life" in contemporary China education and the psychological tendency of teenagers to commit suicide, kill animals and ignore life.
In 2005, Shanghai issued the Guiding Outline of Life Education for Primary and Secondary Schools in Shanghai (for Trial Implementation), which defined life education as: "Life education is an educational activity to help students know life, cherish life, respect life, love life and improve their survival skills and quality of life" [5]. Its meaning has the following two points: First, understanding life, cherishing life, respecting life and loving life are the goals of life education. For primary and middle school students, life education should be based on health, that is, healthy body, healthy psychology and healthy personality; Take emotion as the link, that is, cherish, love and respect life; Value-oriented, let students realize the meaning and value of life, take every step of life well, and promote the healthy growth and harmonious development of students. Secondly, life education is carried out in the process of students' life, and a sound life grows and develops in society, nature and inner self. Therefore, life education is to enable students to establish a harmonious relationship between life and self, life and society, and life and nature.
Wang Xuefeng, a scholar in Taiwan Province, defined school life education as: "School life education means that students can have a certain understanding of themselves, cherish and respect the lives of others, cultivate their love for society and others, especially the disabled, and fully develop their personality." [6] Comrade Wu Wenju of Liaoning Basic Education Teaching and Research Training Center and Liaoning Primary and Secondary School Life Education Professional Committee defined school life education as follows: "The so-called life education is an educational activity to help primary and secondary school students know life, appreciate life, respect life, cherish life, improve their survival skills and quality of life, and realize the value of life". [7] These definitions are very specific. It should be said that there is basically no difference in the definition of life education by domestic scholars, but the extension size is slightly different.
The connotation of life education is to pay attention to human life and its existence value, including understanding life, protecting life, loving life, even fearing life and surpassing life. Therefore, we think that the content of life education includes: 1, the education of survival consciousness. That is, the education that cherishes life. It includes life safety education, life attitude education and death experience education. 2. Survival ability education. Mainly lies in the ability to adapt to the environment, the ability to resist setbacks, security and self-help ability. 3. Sublimation education of life value. We should pay attention to cultivating students' love for life and aesthetic education, so that students can experience the meaning of life in the aesthetic process.
The Guiding Outline of Life Education for Primary and Secondary Schools in Shanghai (for Trial Implementation) points out that in carrying out life education, schools must devote themselves to helping students adapt to and deal with the relationship between themselves, others, the environment and society, so that students can understand life phenomena, stimulate life potential, improve life quality, defend life dignity and realize life value. Cultivate students' life consciousness, survival ability and humanistic spirit. According to the inevitable relationship between education and life, education and the growth of students' lives, and education and the rise and fall of a nation, we believe that life education must advocate the core concept of "being responsible for students' lives and laying the foundation for the future of the nation", so that educators can establish this educational pursuit and educational concept, and at the same time, cherish life, love peace, care for the environment, care for others and care for mankind as the eternal theme of education.
The ultimate goal of education is to cultivate people. And what kind of people to cultivate, every era, every nation will have different standards. But as far as the essence of education is concerned, no matter any education of any age or nationality, such a training goal will not be ignored, that is, to make the educated become people. If we leave this essential pursuit, all the goals of education will not be realized or lose their educational significance. Therefore, the author thinks that the curriculum goal of school life education should be to cultivate students' good life emotion and positive attitude towards life, and to help students establish a scientific world outlook, outlook on life and values; The training goal of school life education is to cultivate students' life consciousness, survival ability and humanistic spirit, and to cultivate students' life attitude and concept from the ultimate goal of education.
In short, life education is an educational activity that guides individuals to understand, adjourn and practice the value of "cherishing oneself and respecting others". The purpose of school life education is to help students understand the value, purpose and significance of life, so as to cherish and love life, respect themselves, others, the environment and nature, fully develop themselves and become useful and meaningful people to society. Therefore, infiltrating life education into the work of class teachers can not only educate students to respect life, affirm the value and significance of life, better realize themselves and make contributions to society; It can also prevent students from not cherishing life and self-mutilation.
(C) the causes of young people's weak sense of life
Social development has improved people's living standards, but the negative factors that come with it have also affected teenagers' moral concepts and behavior habits, resulting in some students' vague moral concepts and declining moral self-discipline ability. The appalling incidents such as suicide by jumping off a building, campus violence, kidnapping and abuse, murder and dismemberment continue to occur, prompting us to explore the reasons for the lack of life consciousness of teenagers. It should be said that students do not cherish life mainly because of the following aspects:
1. The influence of bad social atmosphere
With the increasing dominance of science and technology in today's society, human beings have neglected their own lives and living environment to varying degrees. In particular, the speed of social development and change is accelerating, the competitive pressure is increasing, and the incidence of self-harm events such as suicide in society is obviously increasing. Because of the low anti-interference ability of teenagers, they are easily influenced by bad external environment, which will undoubtedly have a negative impact on the healthy growth of teenagers.
2. Increasing academic burden
In the face of increasing social competition, schools and families have higher and higher requirements for students' learning. Endless classes, make-up classes and endless homework have made many students have a serious tendency to be tired of learning. They feel that their study life is boring and monotonous, they are afraid of exams, they lack confidence in life, and they are prone to some bad behaviors.
3. Serious imbalance between physiology and psychology
With the improvement of people's living standards, students' precocity is more common. Some students' physical and mental development is unbalanced, their psychological age is lower than their physiological age, their mood is unstable, they are impulsive and willful, and their self-discipline ability is poor, so they are prone to emotional tension and behavioral disorders. Some students are weak-willed and loose-minded, and have developed some bad habits, such as fighting, gambling, indulging in game rooms, and some even go astray in breaking the law and committing crimes.
4. Moral education in schools is getting weaker and weaker.
Influenced by the baton of examination, many schools unilaterally pursue the quality of teaching, ignoring the education of students' outlook on life and values, and moral education activities become a mere formality, lacking practical results. As a result, many students lack the ideal of life, pursue the passion of life, and have no lasting learning motivation and perseverance. When encountering setbacks, they are pessimistic and disappointed, at a loss, and don't know how to cherish life and pursue life fun.
5. Frequent accidents.
In recent years, although the school has strengthened safety education in many ways and actively created a safe campus, all kinds of accidents still occur from time to time, especially the accidental injuries caused by low safety awareness and improper safety measures in activities are shocking. The number of students who are injured or killed by accidents such as water, electricity, fire and traffic is still relatively large every year. Students' awareness of self-protection is not strong enough, and their ability of self-safety prevention is very lacking.
Faced with the above situation, in addition to optimizing the social education environment and changing the concept of running a school, it is more necessary for the class teacher to change his concept, explore new working ideas and strategies, and consciously undertake the important mission of life education for students. In the work of class teachers, we should give full play to our own advantages, seize the opportunity, penetrate life education in a targeted and creative way from three levels of cognition, experience and emotion, guide students to actively know and experience life, and strive to combine "knowledge, action and thinking". By strengthening life education, we can enhance students' ability to recognize and distinguish all kinds of bad behaviors, eliminate the influence of some negative factors, avoid doing behaviors that endanger themselves, others and society, cultivate students' positive, optimistic and enterprising life values, establish a good interactive relationship with others, society and nature, and become useful and happy people to society.
Second, the practical research on infiltrating life education into the work of class teachers.
(A) Infiltrate life consciousness in class management
Class is the basic unit and frontier of school education activities, and it is also the basic place for students' school life. The class situation directly affects students' living conditions and quality of life in school life. Therefore, the new basic education facing the 2 1 century, according to the requirements of the development of the times, calls on the class teacher to "return the class to the students", and emphasizes that in class construction activities, we should pay attention to let each student participate in class management and class activities, give full play to each student's initiative, so that the life value of the collective and the individual can be promoted and surpassed in independent activities, and form a democratic, equal, dynamic and growing class collective.
1. Participate in class management together.
Life education is a valuable educational activity to guide individuals to understand, experience and practice "cherishing themselves and respecting others". The life state of students in the class is not innate, but created by a series of activities of different nature. The individual's experience of his/her role and position in the class, his/her attitude towards this group, and his/her participation and satisfaction with various activities constitute the individual's living state in the class. Let every student participate in class management activities, which not only improves students' understanding of management activities, but also solves the problem of students' obedience and investment in management. Moreover, to a certain extent, it has greatly liberated students' personality and creativity, and made students feel happy sincerely. Because the student has been valued by the teacher and affirmed by the students, he feels that his existence is valuable to the collective and his classmates, and he will feel happy because of being educated. This kind of happiness has also become the internal motivation to promote students' further development.
2. Implement management role rotation.
Implementing life education is to educate students to respect life and affirm the value and significance of life, so as to better realize themselves and contribute to society. Promoting students' sense of social responsibility, cultivating civic awareness, developing students' personality and enhancing their creative spirit and cooperative development ability are the concrete manifestations of students' life value in the classroom. The generation of class cadres adopts the election system, and the appointment of class cadres adopts the rotation system. The monitor takes turns, and the class committee will be nominated by the monitor and approved by the students. This can not only avoid the abuse of power by a few class cadres, but also give full play to the supervisory role of students and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of other students to participate in class management, thus forming a management system of class teacher-monitor-class Committee-classmates. This multi-level and all-round system of taking turns to compete for posts not only lightens the burden on teachers, but also gives full play to students' initiative. It not only strengthens the transparency of class work, but also enhances students' democratic consciousness. Many students get various exercises in different positions by participating in class management. Especially through the implementation of role rotation, students begin to realize that everyone is a manager and everyone is a managed person, so as to achieve the harmonious unity of managers and managed people. The cohesion of the class and students' management ability have been enhanced, and students' ability to bear setbacks and sense of responsibility have been significantly improved.
3. Beautify the classroom environment together
The purpose of life education is to help students understand the value, purpose and significance of life, so as to love and cherish life, respect themselves, others, the environment and nature, promote the full development of self-ability and become useful and meaningful people to society. Giving full play to the positive role of class culture construction is an effective way to embody the people-oriented education concept, improve students' humanistic quality and cultivate students' innovative spirit. To this end, I return the class to the students, let them design it carefully, and strive to make the classroom walls shine. The national flag and school motto in front of the classroom always remind and inspire students, as a member of the Chinese nation, to care and love the motherland and study hard for the rise of China; Famous sayings and portraits of celebrities hung on both sides of the classroom make students always feel the spirit of seeking truth from facts, perseverance and innovation of great men, thus stimulating their interest and courage in exploring new knowledge; Class plant corner and book corner not only beautify the classroom environment, purify the classroom air and cultivate students' sentiment, but also become the ways to cultivate students' observation ability, understand the knowledge of plant growth and the educational resources to cultivate life consciousness. Fully mobilize students' autonomy, enthusiasm and creativity, so that their personality can be publicized, their talents can be displayed, their interests can be developed, their emotions can be sublimated and their hearts can be purified.
(B) in the relationship between teachers and students to reflect life care
Rousseau, a French educator, once said: "Teachers lack love, and neither their character nor their wisdom can be fully developed." . Class is the most dynamic "cell" in the school system and the "home" of students' life at school. To make the class a spiritual home full of children's life potential, the class teacher must learn to understand, respect and tolerate students in his work, create a "new home" for them with love and true feelings, and enhance their consciousness of life subject.
1. Understand students and let them feel the uniqueness of life.
In real life, "misunderstanding" is one of the basic reasons for students' weak sense of life. Understanding students is to make them feel the value of life. The head teacher should learn to love every student in the class-no matter his performance is good or bad. It is necessary to nourish students' minds, tolerate students' mistakes and resolve students' bad emotions. Don't scold and abuse students with arrogance. In the process of students' growth, joy needs to be shared and success needs to be appreciated. Trouble needs someone to share, failure needs someone to comfort. To be good at inspiring, awakening and inspiring students, the most important thing is to protect students' self-esteem. "For the development of every student" is the core concept of the new curriculum. In order to realize this idea, the class teacher must respect the dignity and value of each student, care about the spiritual growth of each student, learn to appreciate the achievements of each student, and taste their success and happiness with the students! We should learn to be tolerant and be kind to students' shortcomings, so that students can have the motivation to understand and correct their shortcomings through respect and satisfaction of self-esteem. So as to achieve the goal of "I give you confidence and you give me success".
2. Respect students and let them feel the value of life.
Respecting students means respecting their dignity, their basic rights and responsibilities, their values and their subjective status in their own development. In a word, it is to return the rights and responsibilities given by people to students. Pedagogically speaking, respect is also an important principle of education. The first nature of human beings is survival and development. Therefore, respecting individuality and personal development should be the basis of education and the moral basis of civilized society. Education should respect the value of every student. When a student is presented to us in the form of life, we should have enough patience to observe the evolution of life and not ignore his existence. Respecting life means learning to be tolerant. Let students feel that they are the most important and valued by teachers. As a class teacher, we should help students build up their self-confidence, induce them to dare to enlarge their image, give full play to their subjective initiative, and let them show their abilities and specialties in the group.
3. Be tolerant of students and let them feel the meaning of life.
Without tolerance, there is no education. As far as the spiritual world is concerned, every child seems to come for appreciation. Appreciation leads to success, and complaining leads to failure. Tolerance does not mean connivance, but another manifestation of severity and a deep understanding and trust for students. Tolerance of students means that the class teacher should put himself in the students' shoes, feel and experience with them. Respect his personality and self-esteem, sympathize with him, support him, encourage him, guide him and help him. To experience the difficulties, expectations and discouragement they encounter in their studies, and to feel the setbacks and aspirations they have experienced in the process of growing up. In this way, the teacher will not hurt the students' hearts because of a temporary impulse or mistake. It is not that good children need appreciation, but that appreciation makes them better and better; It's not that bad children need to complain, but that complaining makes them worse and worse. Only when the class teacher treats the students as flesh and blood, and gives them respect and trust, can they stimulate their potential. As the saying goes, "the nuances see the truth", and the nuances in the communication between teachers and students can often make students feel the sincere and deep love of teachers.
(C) expand life education in collective activities
Psychological research shows that "if a group does not have rich collective activities, it will be lifeless and lack vitality, thus hindering the healthy development of the class collective." If a class group wants to be full of vitality, the most important thing is to actively organize students to carry out various beneficial activities, return the space for practice and creation to students, give full play to students' independent consciousness and innovative ability, let them show their abilities and talents through their own performances, cultivate good moral quality and behavior habits in the activity experience, and shape their own personality.
1. The class meeting will highlight the theme of life education.
Class meeting is a very important link in class management, and it is also an important platform for the exchange of ideas between students and teachers and between students. As an important goal of class work, life education should be carried out in a planned and step-by-step manner. The head teacher can guide students to understand the hardships of life and the process of life arrival in many ways, and then fully understand the meaning of life, appreciate the value of life and feel the beauty of life. Through class meetings, we will discuss the topic of life knowledge and organize competitions on life education, such as the harm of the network, drug knowledge, AIDS prevention and other knowledge, so as to gradually enhance students' awareness of life and appreciate the preciousness of life. At the same time, highlight the education related to life safety, such as food hygiene, traffic rules, law-abiding, emergency self-help and so on. , enhance the awareness of life safety and improve the ability to protect life.
2. Excavate the material of life education in collective activities.
Group activities can play the role of entertainment, guidance and education. In participating in various meaningful activities organized by the school, the head teacher should pay attention to cultivating students' sense of cooperation, competition, value orientation and interpersonal skills, and take the collective activities that students are keen on as an important opportunity to implement life education. By carrying out various forms of class activities, students can be guided to feel life actively, increase their experience of the value of life and understand that life is beautiful and fragile. Everyone's life is only once, and it can't be recovered if it is lost. Any irresponsible thoughts and actions of self-harm are blasphemies against life. Improve the awareness of cherishing life and enhance the confidence and motivation of learning. For example, through mutual help in collective activities, we can feel the true feelings and beauty between people; Experience the happiness and pride of success through various competitions; Treat your body with gratitude by experiencing the inconvenience of the disabled; By planting flowers and raising animals, we can experience the mystery and loveliness of life and so on. You can also enrich your feelings about life through social practice activities, such as visiting nursing homes, factories, shops, courts and prisons to increase your experience and feelings about society and understand the richness of life; Enjoy the great rivers and mountains through tourism and feel the beauty of nature; Feel the joy and satisfaction of dedication through labor. In short, we should fully tap the life education materials contained in collective activities and cultivate students' spiritual qualities of cooperation, hard work, enterprising and dedication. Cultivate students' correct outlook on life and values in the process of constantly improving their understanding of life, and guide students to establish lofty ideals.
3. Feel the significance of life education in theme education.
The theme education activity with the theme of "life education" is an important way to cultivate students' life consciousness and let them feel the meaning of life. In practice, class teachers should make full use of major anniversaries such as World Water Day, World Environment Day, World Anti-Drug Day and World AIDS Day, and organize students to carry out various thematic education activities that are beneficial to students' all-round development, such as speech contest, debate contest and social practice, and conduct extensive life awareness education for students. For example, "Tomb-Sweeping Day" held "raising the flag of martyrs" to sweep graves, "World Environment Day" held an environmental protection campaign, and the World Anti-Drug Day held a speech contest "Cherish life and refuse drugs". Through a series of activities, let students realize that only those who love life can love life and society more, have a sense of subjectivity, responsibility and mission, grasp themselves in a world where various desires, interests and pursuits are intertwined, always adhere to correct ideals, beliefs and values, and strive to integrate "self" into the social background; Know that when you are troubled in your studies, have contradictions in your life, have psychological pressure, and have a knot in your heart, you might as well chat with teachers and friends, talk with people who have had rough experiences, take care of children for relatives and friends, go out to see the sunny sky, plant a flower, raise an animal ... from which you may get inspiration for life, relieve your depression and feel the beauty of life.
Thirdly, the rational thinking of infiltrating life education into the work of class teachers.
Modern education should not only let students learn the knowledge and skills they need to survive, but also let them have rich life accomplishment. Paying attention to life, respecting life and improving life should be the value orientation of education. Through the practice of infiltrating life education into the work of the head teacher, the face of our class has changed greatly. The class atmosphere is warm and harmonious, and the style of study is positive. The whole class is full of energy, and the class has successively won the honorary titles of Chongming County Excellent Young Eagle Squadron and Chongming County Excellent Class Collective. In practical research, I have also reflected on my own work, and think that to do a good job in the infiltration of life education, we must pay attention to the following three points: