Makarenko, a famous educator, said, "Only when you learn to say,' Come here!'" Fifteen to twenty tones! "Only when I learn to make 20 forms and 20 rhymes in the use of face, posture and sound will I become a truly skilled person. "? The same is true of the head teacher's psychological counseling. In any class, students' ideological morality, intelligence level, learning ability, personality characteristics and behavior performance are all different, and there are good, medium and poor in all aspects, but only differences in degree and degree. Generally olive-shaped, that is, good and bad are in the minority, and the intermediate state is in the majority. The head teacher needs to actively, patiently and meticulously conduct individual psychological counseling in order to establish a good class style and study style of sustainable development, and to make every student in the class develop and progress. This kind of individual psychological counseling mainly includes three categories: top students, students with learning difficulties and underachievers.
From the equality of education, every student enjoys the same educational opportunity and the same right to receive psychological counseling. The head teacher can't be biased towards any student because of personal preference.
Judging from the development of students, every student is in the period of growth and development, and every aspect is changing and developing. Good, medium and poor are relative, changeable and convertible. The class teacher should let the students go to his "nearest development zone" to realize his progress.
From the perspective of talents in education, every student is likely to grow into an excellent talent (outstanding talents, not necessarily all-rounders), and directors may attach importance to shaping and cultivating students from the point that people's knowledge and ability are large and small, but their personality can be sound. Judging from the students' evaluation, the students with excellent academic performance may be those with poor frustration tolerance, those with slow learning progress may be those with excellent care and patience, and some underachievers who don't listen to their teachers may be those with extraordinary organizational and activity abilities.
The head teacher should know the situation, find out the details, grasp the main problems of a student in learning and mental health through the analysis of each student in the class, and choose scientific and reasonable ways, methods and skills to carry out different kinds of psychological counseling and counseling for different types of students on the basis of establishing mutual trust and emotional integration.
Second, psychological counseling for top students.
Top students are students with excellent academic performance in the class. Most of them are talented, studious and have outstanding achievements. Being a "leader" in the class is the backbone of students, the right-hand man of teachers, deeply loved by teachers and parents, and has a sense of superiority.
1? Psychological characteristics of top students
(1) feels better and has a high self-evaluation. Excellent academic performance makes top students experience more success and happiness than other students and get more praise from others. Therefore, top students often have a strong sense of self-superiority, actively know themselves and make higher self-evaluation. At the same time, they have high expectations themselves and from their parents and teachers, which often leads to greater mental stress.
(2) Strong thirst for knowledge and self-motivation. Top students are interested in all subjects, develop in a balanced way, can actively participate in various learning activities, and maintain vigorous energy in the activities. They have a strong research spirit, and their study is conscious, enterprising, exploratory and extensive. But they also lack interest and enthusiasm for some meaningless activities (such as labor and sports) that they think have nothing to do with study.
(3) Have good moral quality and personality behavior. Appraisal has good moral quality, consciously abides by the daily code of conduct, is strict with oneself, can consciously resist the erosion of bad habits, has strong ability to distinguish right from wrong, judge and analyze, is lively and cheerful, is serious and responsible, pays attention to personal gfd, is noble and full of ideals.
(4) Have good study habits and learning strategies. Most top students form good living habits and study habits at an early age, and learn to do things regularly, efficiently and with quality. Most top students attach importance to learning methods and strategies. They can find their shortcomings in time, make adjustments, modify their learning strategies, name their own learning habits and learning strategies, and get a virtuous circle, so they are more likely to succeed.
2? The main psychological problems of top students
(1) "Sense of superiority" tends to produce arrogant vanity. Some of them tend to think that "success" is the result of their cleverness and hard work. With the growth of grade and age, the more you care about and train teachers, the less you care about your classmates, and the more you hide your shortcomings and mistakes.
(2) "Chun Xue" is easy to be arrogant and indifferent. Because top students occupy a "leading position" in the class and give more orders to their classmates, it is easy to form a self-centered situation, and it is very likely that there will be a situation of "being at the top is too cold". Especially in junior and senior high schools, some top students are often unwilling to pay attention to class collective work, are not interested in the people around them, and increasingly bind themselves in an invisible cocoon.
(3) The "ever-victorious generals" are easy to be jealous and affect their development. If the top students only see their "excellent" side, not the lack of reading, if they only see their good grades, they only hope to be "invincible" forever. It is easy to be jealous, which will make you lose friends and friendships, make you afraid to learn from others because you can't see their advantages, and keep you in a state of jealousy, depression, self-worry and self-fear. Then, if you don't surpass it, you will decline.
(4) "Smooth sailing" is prone to panic and lack of frustration. Relatively speaking, top students are more "smooth sailing" than other students along the way, but life can't be smooth sailing forever. Once in adversity, or suffering from a bigger storm, top students are often more likely to be frightened, anxious, at a loss, and lack the ability to cope with setbacks and overcome difficulties to readjust themselves. Therefore, there are also many examples of winners "recovering" in the whirlpool.
3 Effective ways of psychological development of top students
(1) "Preference" must be done well. It is normal for teachers to favor top students, but they should do it properly. In particular, we should not only see his advantages, but also his shortcomings. Be strict with them and don't give in, saying, "Drums still need to be hammered." In terms of preferences, he pays more attention to his psychological counseling, treats his achievements and honors correctly, adjusts his interests correctly, and constantly adjusts his progress.
(2) Pay attention to collectivism education. Through collectivism education, we can further understand the relationship between individuals and collectives, individuals and others, and individuals and society. Improve the moral consciousness and behavior of top students who love, care and safeguard the collective interests, and encourage them to care for and help others, unite and be friendly, help each other and make progress together.
(3) Strengthen practical activities. Top students tend to bury themselves in reading and seldom take part in practical activities. The head teacher should actively create various opportunities and conditions, and gradually make top students participate in various extracurricular activities, physical exercise activities and social practice activities from "forced" to "voluntary", so that they can correctly understand the dialectical relationship between "reading" and "practice". Activities can strengthen the body and adjust the mood; Be able to use knowledge and broaden knowledge; Can develop thinking and cultivate ability; Be able to innovate constantly and increase talents; Can understand the society, broaden their horizons, can develop in an all-round way, and the "excellent" is even better.
(4) Give a little "frustration". "It is easy to fold when there is light", so we should give more "setbacks" to the top students and gradually enhance their immunity to setbacks. In other words, it is necessary to create more mechanisms for top students to use psychological defense, so that they can have a reasonable "reason" and "excuse" when they suffer setbacks and solve the "embarrassment" in setbacks. Top students should face some setbacks and bear some setbacks, so that they can treat, handle and adjust correctly in small setbacks and gradually enhance their tolerance. Let them dissect themselves correctly, look more at their own shortcomings, and think more about their bright when they are in trouble and the difficulties when they have light.
Third, psychological counseling for students with learning difficulties.
Students with learning difficulties are a huge group, including students with temporary difficulties, students with ability difficulties, students with motivation difficulties and students with overall difficulties.
1? An analysis of the causes of students with learning difficulties
(1) personality makes it difficult. Mainly manifested as weak will, lack of tenacious will and perseverance to overcome learning difficulties, lack of clear learning goals and self-control, emotional instability, inattention, easy to retreat and depression when encountering difficulties.
(2) Difficulties caused by motivation. Mainly manifested in the lack of self-confidence, so as long as you suffer a little failure or frustration, you will often deny yourself more and have a fear and escape mentality, which will lead to the decline of learning motivation, learning will and learning interest.
(3) Difficulties caused by the environment. When there are temporary learning difficulties, it is often due to the fault of teachers and parents, or improper class status and students' self-regulation, which has caused undue pressure on students, such as tyranny, compulsion, sarcasm and satire. This will make these students "worse" and feel inferior until they lose confidence in their studies.
(4) the difficulty of making a plan. It is very important for students to study correctly. When the learning tasks and contents change, students need to adjust their learning methods and strategies in time. However, once students fail to adjust in time or properly, their learning difficulties will increase, such as the third grade of primary school, the second grade of junior high school and entering the high school stage. Often due to the untimely adjustment of learning strategies, a group of students with learning difficulties will be produced, which will lead to great changes.
2? Psychological help for students with learning difficulties
The class teacher can make the students with learning difficulties erase the "gray" and become beautiful through psychological counseling. First of all, we should analyze the main factors that cause students with learning difficulties to be "gray", help them get rid of "difficulties", remove obstacles and erase the development potential of "gray", and make efforts in three aspects.
(1) to support. The key point is to help students with learning difficulties master the skills of learning to learn, help them solve all kinds of difficulties in learning, and help them build their self-confidence in learning success.
(2) give force. It is necessary to help students with learning difficulties to clarify their development goals and possibilities, correctly understand themselves and develop themselves. Help them find their own advantages and strengths, give full play to their own advantages and strengths most effectively, strive to give full play to their own advantages, overcome their own shortcomings, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and promote transformation.
(3) Give control. We should help students with learning difficulties get rid of difficulties and contradictions. Give them more supervision and supervision when they are unconscious, give them more encouragement and encouragement when they are not confident enough, give them more affirmation and encouragement when they are motivated, and give them more care and patience when they are confused.
Fourthly, psychological counseling for underachievers.
The existence of underachievers among students is objective, because there are individual differences in people's development, and the process of people's maturity is always unstable. The advanced and backward students will change, and the backward students will develop and progress. Excellent students also have some bad psychological factors. On the contrary, underachievers also have some good psychological factors. For underachievers, there are many negative psychological factors, which inhibit the development of good psychological factors and even have a negative impact, so the psychological obstacles of underachievers appear more. As a class teacher, we should strengthen the psychological counseling of underachievers and promote the all-round development of all students.
1? Psychological characteristics of underachievers in emotion, emotion and will
(1) Have self-esteem and inferiority complex. It mainly comes from the failure in learning, which makes underachievers look down on themselves and others look down on themselves. They always feel inferior in front of their classmates, teachers and parents, and they also show inferiority everywhere. At the same time, I am afraid of ridicule and humiliation from others and try my best to safeguard my dignity. They often protect themselves by closing their hearts and refusing to communicate.
(2) Emotional and extreme. Due to long-term coldness and discrimination, underachievers will be very grateful once they are concerned by others, showing chivalry and gratitude. At the same time, it is easy to go to extremes. People often talk about things according to their personal likes and dislikes, and they will act rashly and do some stupid things regardless of the consequences.
(3) Suspicion is easy to oppose. Underachievers have a kind of "heart disease", always feel wronged, are wary and hostile to the people around them, have a serious gap with teachers, students and parents, and take a confrontational and evasive attitude towards the help of ordinary people. Criticism and accusations from teachers and parents often lead to further stalemate and opposition. The head teacher must rely on sincerity and sincerity to gain trust, so as to eliminate the doubts and objections of underachievers.
(4) It is easy to be influenced and repeated. Underachievers also have the desire to make progress, but they are also working hard. It is only because of their poor self-control ability and unyielding will that their transformation is affected, or they have more difficulties in all aspects of their progress, and they are more likely to retreat or stagnate, and they are more tortuous.
2? Specific methods of psychological counseling for underachievers
(1) Pay more attention. It can be said that underachievers are more eager for care and care than other students. Their inferiority, suspicion, vigilance and rebellion can only show that their psychological dam is more fragile. Therefore, the class teacher should not only take the initiative to care for and care for the underachievers, but also respect and safeguard their personality and respect their rights and obligations, wishes, emotions, demands and opinions. Only through the care and trust of the class teacher can the underachievers feel the existence and status of a relative, inspire them to correctly understand their shortcomings and mistakes, and encourage them to bid farewell to yesterday, cheer up today and face tomorrow. It is not easy for a class teacher to care about underachievers, but as zankov said, "Everyone likes beautiful children, and loving ugly children is the real love."
(2) Give more respect. Respecting students is the embodiment of the new relationship between teachers and students. Respecting underachievers can improve their self-confidence and pride. Class teachers and teachers can affirm the achievements and progress of underachievers in time, which will enhance their confidence and courage to make continuous progress. To respect underachievers, class teachers need to be good at guessing their psychological trends, such as strong self-esteem, fear of being looked down upon by others, and pursuing an atmosphere of democracy and equality. These class teachers need to work hard to create for them.
(3) Give more confidence. The head teacher should be a gold digger and find more valuable treasures in the underachievers, so that the treasures can shine brilliantly. This requires the class teacher to observe from time to time, grasp the flash, grasp the signs, grasp the support and grasp the development. To give underachievers more self-confidence, the class teacher should be more generous, more considerate and less demanding, so that their self-confidence will grow and their advantages will grow. While affirming the advantages, we also point out the shortcomings sincerely and enthusiastically, helping them to overcome and overcome bravely and confidently and not tolerate them.
(4) Give more opportunities. The class teacher gives more opportunities to the underachievers, that is, don't rush for success, do more "cold treatment" and give them more opportunities for self-reflection; It is necessary to set up more "steps" to give underachievers more opportunities step by step; It is necessary to open more "channels" to give underachievers more opportunities to find another flow path; It is necessary to build more "stages" and give underachievers more opportunities to show themselves.
Psychological consultation is the golden key for class teachers to open students' minds. Even if the mental lock of underachievers is rusty and tightly blocked, they will open it with their hearts. The psychological counseling of the head teacher can turn hard work into spring rain and make people blossom.