1. direct education

There are many ways of direct education, including persuasion, encouragement, coercion (or punishment).

There are two ways to exhort. For junior children, they are more likely to resort to stories, heroes in fairy tales or novels, outstanding students in various role models and so on. For senior children, it is more appeal to reason who cultivates his virtue by distinguishing right from wrong.

Praising students is also a science. Praise is a means of affirmation and praise. All compliments imply standards. Only children who have surpassed the original level are worthy of praise. The scale of praise depends on the class or the public system needed and the internal scale of children.

Don't praise children easily. The disadvantages of praising children are: first, it lowers the standard and level of children's moral habits, but it reduces the gold content of praise. Children will not cherish these praises, and the power of praise will be greatly reduced.

punish

Compared with praise, punishment is a knowledge and a dangerous tool. Education should put an end to corporal punishment and use punishment with caution.

Corporal punishment is a way to cultivate hatred. Even for the right purpose, children will learn this mode of body feedback through corporal punishment, which is the source of violence.

The main purpose of punishment is to maintain rules and develop inherent virtues. Punishment must be caring and kindness. The harsher the punishment, the deeper the love as the basis of punishment. Only those who love others have the right to punish others.

The law must convince students that punishment is just. Let the children accept the punishment with conviction.

The best way to punish a child's mistakes is to let her experience the harm her mistakes have caused to others and let him make up for the harm she has caused. This is called reciprocal punishment.

If long hair is not used well, it will plant seeds of hatred in children's hearts and make children's hearts dull, fierce, cold and cruel.

2. How to create a good moral atmosphere?

Moral atmosphere is the direct embodiment of morality and a concrete concept of life morality.

Teachers' moral education language and all the principles on which moral education is based should be truly believed by themselves and clearly reflected in their words and deeds. Teachers who teach students honesty must always be honest, and teachers who help others at school must always be enthusiastic about helping others. Students not only listen to the old and talk about morality, but also feel a kind of moral power from the teacher all the time, so that they can be really happy and integrate into his life quietly.

All the educational environment created by teachers must be moral, so should the atmosphere in the class, and immoral behavior will be condemned or interfered. The relationship between schools, tutors and parents should be moral, and should be frank and supportive of each other, instead of tearing each other apart and blaming each other.

Moral education is inseparable from the educator's ego, which is the premise and foundation of educators and students. Only when educators try to embody everything in their own words and deeds can they really have the right to moral education and get real results.

3. How to exert the influence of collective education? How to prevent the adverse effects of collective education?

Suhomlinski is essentially a humanist, so he especially emphasizes the development of human personality. People must be tamed in front of the collective, and their personality must be destroyed in order to become a screw in the collective, otherwise they will be ruthlessly attacked by the collective.

Teachers should be good at using the collective to form the correct language power, so that everyone can be invisibly restricted by this power, thus enhancing the sense of right and wrong and forming a responsible moral attitude.

But we should also prevent the collective from becoming a force to attack, repel and isolate people. On the contrary, all collective pressures should be based on respect for individuals. What the collective attacks is not the individual, but the wrong behavior committed by the individual, which violates the collective values and even brings losses to the collective.

We should use collective power carefully, especially when it involves privacy and may hurt individuals.

4. How to educate students themselves?

The ultimate goal of moral education is to let students gradually move from heteronomy to self-discipline, and from passively accepting external norms to forming their own laws of conscience. So in this process, education and self-education must be closely combined, and the ultimate goal of education is to promote students' self-education?

The cultivation of students' self-education should start from childhood and early adolescence, and teach a person all aspects of self-management and self-control training at the age of 7 to 1 1.

Including the self-control of living habits, physical exercise and work, especially in the field of intelligence, the role of teachers is to enhance students' self-control ability, self-awareness and self-responsibility through suggestions, supervision and feedback.

Besides developing morality through self-esteem and honor after work or activities, reading is also an important way for teenagers to educate themselves. This not only means that reading can cultivate students' nature and help them develop better in their fields of interest, but also means that reading can stimulate students to think about themselves and life.

In addition, Suhomlinski particularly emphasized that the problem of leisure requires students to have time and space to explore freely.