Historical Records enthusiastically praised some people from the middle and lower classes; Described many outstanding politicians, militarists, thinkers and patriots, and praised their brilliant achievements. Some dark forces in history, such as tyrants, cruel officials and apostates, have been mercilessly exposed and criticized. In particular, he dared to expose the founding emperors of his time, showing integrity and extraordinary courage. In a word, it is unique and great for Sima Qian not to cover up good and evil with the suspicion of those involved in high positions, not to talk about heroes by success or failure, and not to talk about achievements by status. Historical Records is not only a great historical work, but also an excellent biographical literary work. It creates biographies centered on writing characters, vividly describes the characters, and makes people read these biographies as if they had entered a gallery of historical figures. Its literary value is no less than its historical value. The vivid, concise and fluent language in Historical Records is not only a model of later prose works, but also a model for later novelists and dramatists to learn from in describing characters and organizing plots.