China is a big agricultural country, and the rural population accounts for a considerable proportion of the total population. The quality of rural population plays an important role in improving the quality of the whole people and realizing the modernization of agricultural concepts. However, compared with urban education, rural education is a rather weak link, which is far from meeting the needs of rural children's growth. Rural families are weak cultural groups in modern society. Living in a poor culture for a long time, the weak culture is passed down from generation to generation, which makes the cultural quality of rural population incompatible with the development of agricultural modernization. In order to effectively improve the quality of rural population and the quality of rural family life, we must attach importance to rural family education, and we can't find a solution to the problems existing in rural education.
The development of rural education is seriously restricted by a series of problems, such as backward conditions, insufficient facilities, unbalanced teachers' gender, age and educational structure, students' thoughts bound by traditional concepts can't keep up with the changes of educational concepts, limited students' resources and relatively little investment in education.
Therefore, it is very necessary to study the problems and countermeasures of rural education, improve the rural education environment and improve the level of rural education.
Problems existing in current rural education
First, the problem of teachers.
Due to the limitation of rural resources, the attraction to talents is limited. At present, the main problems of rural teachers are: teachers' gender structure, age structure, academic structure and subject structure are single, and Putonghua is not standard, especially in primary and junior high schools. There are many female teachers, many old teachers, many teachers with technical secondary school education, many Chinese and math teachers, and few English music and art teachers come to class with the inspected leaders, so many teachers are at a loss. They either stop giving lectures and let students learn by themselves, or change their teaching methods and check their homework.
With regard to the gender structure, it is not a bad thing that there are too many female teachers in primary and secondary schools. However, because primary and secondary school students love imitation and have strong plasticity, it is easy to cause boys and girls to be spoiled, and even lead to obstacles in students' future gender role identity. The popularization of this phenomenon will be a very serious social problem.
Regarding the age structure, too many old teachers do more harm than good. The advantage is that old teachers have stronger sense of responsibility, patience and rich teaching experience than young teachers and novice teachers. However, it is difficult for old teachers to adapt to the current situation of basic education reform, such as class multimedia, and the conditions are better. For many old teachers who have struggled for education for most of their lives, they are simply unwilling to learn these new things. Sometimes, even if they want to, they cannot learn and apply new things. Young teachers often show greater enthusiasm than their predecessors. Primary and secondary schools are different from universities and students are different from college students. Their thinking in images is relatively developed, and the illustrated lectures will make them feel more intuitive and easier to master. Therefore, the superiority of multimedia shows that universities need masters, and primary and secondary schools may need some young and energetic teachers who show students a different world in a vivid and interesting way.
There is no doubt about the academic structure. Normal students who graduated from undergraduate courses often have more diverse knowledge structures and stronger ability to accept new knowledge and new things than normal students who graduated from normal universities. This is a good foundation for cultivating students' interest in creative thinking, broadening their horizons and studying in the future.
On the subject structure, we find that English music art teachers in rural primary and secondary schools are often part-time teachers, and these class hours are often occupied flexibly, which is a great obstacle to cultivating students' artistic language ability. Fortunately, in the past two years, the participation of rural education masters of special post teachers has injected fresh blood into them, but the number is small, and many special post teachers are quite unstable.
Second, the student problem.
The fundamental purpose of the reform and development of rural basic education is to enable all farmers' children to enjoy the basic nine-year compulsory education and grow up healthily and happily in the compulsory education stage. However, looking around, we are surprised to find that I don't know when the students in the basic education stage have become depressed. It is not so much that the students have problems as their learning concepts. Tao Xingzhi said that a good education makes a good person. In my opinion, life education cultivates a living person. Traditional pedagogy advocates a teacher-centered and textbook-centered classroom center, which has been deeply rooted in the hearts of students in China and China. Before entering school, they have learned the responsibilities of students: the teacher said the imperial edict, children should be obedient, too active is ADHD. We see that primary and secondary school students are a little lifeless now. More than a decade ago, those children who climbed trees and played dates to catch fish disappeared after class. Instead, I push my tie-rod schoolbag to school and watch people wear clean clothes behind glasses. Gone are the days when the primary and middle school students who rushed to the training class day and night could hear the children's silvery laughter on their way to school. As a teacher who loves education, I like observing students very much. I hope to see children's innocent smiles and innocent expressions, but even these have become extravagant hopes. Countermeasures to solve rural education problems
The most important thing in rural areas is not the lack of money, but the lack of talents. In view of the fact that a large number of old teachers make little contribution to their posts and some college students find it difficult to find jobs, we should do a good job in protecting old teachers, arrange for them to transfer jobs or retire early, and give up the establishment. Every year, we should openly recruit some outstanding college graduates to teach in rural areas. Special attention should be paid to the gender ratio, the proportion of disciplines, and the construction of principals and teachers. Putting the work of external training and internal training into practice, taking students' social practice as an important part of primary and secondary education, often taking them out to see, often letting them practice by themselves, is actually a student paradise in the basic education of primary and secondary school students, and primary and secondary school students will show our unexpected imagination; Give education a free sky, and basic education will also show incomparable vitality and vitality to other social subsystems. The problems existing in rural education in China should be improved in the following aspects.
First, deepen the reform of personnel system.
1. Teachers' access should be stricter.
Due to the overall overstaffing of teachers, we should cherish the rare opportunity to enter the labor market, introduce outstanding talents, and ensure the optimization of the overall quality of teachers. Therefore, it is suggested that the higher education authorities should strengthen vertical management, appropriately collect teachers' personnel rights, and strengthen the guidance and control of lower education personnel, especially the implementation of the teacher qualification system.
2. Teachers should export more smoothly.
Establish the elimination system within the teaching staff, fully implement the appointment system and establish the incentive mechanism. The good teachers in the teaching team should stay, and the poor teachers should go out. At the same time, it is suggested that the state should take early retirement and internal retirement to vacate the positions occupied by some elderly teachers and unqualified teachers in order to introduce college graduates.
3. Optimize the allocation of urban and rural teachers' resources
Due to various social reasons, excellent rural teachers are pouring into urban schools, and the difference in teacher resources between urban and rural areas is growing. Even if there is serious overstaffing, big town schools would rather arrange some teachers to do some administrative work and chores than go to rural schools.
Two, encourage normal graduates to teach in rural areas.
1. The implementation of the county-based policy of basic education depends on the strong policy guarantee of the national education administrative department. Therefore, the state and government should strengthen the incentive mechanism, adopt certain preferential policies, improve the treatment of normal students working in rural primary and secondary schools, improve the basic conditions for running schools in rural primary and secondary schools, and increase the attractiveness of rural teachers' careers.
2. Provide policy basis for the introduction of teachers in primary schools around the country. Most outstanding graduates put forward the problem of treatment and preferential policies beyond the standard salary, which is difficult for the school itself to solve. Even if the school has money, because the higher education administrative department has no relevant policies and can't find a policy basis, it dare not agree to their conditions. Therefore, it is suggested that the state formulate a series of guiding policies on introducing outstanding graduates to teach in rural primary and secondary schools for local reference.
Third, strive to improve the professional quality of teachers.
In order to adapt to the new situation of the current education reform, we should first improve the overall quality of teachers, create a series of training models, encourage teachers to go out to study, update teachers' educational concepts through learning, improve teachers' knowledge structure, improve teachers' academic level and innovative ability in education and teaching, improve teachers' teaching methods and master modern teaching means. Secondly, we should establish the concept of lifelong education and take the cultivation and improvement of teachers as a long-term work.
Fourth, the sharing of quality education resources.
First, through the implementation of the activity of sharing famous teachers, backbone teachers with superb teaching art and brand-new educational concepts will be instructed to attend classes in remote mountainous schools to help teachers in weak schools improve their teaching level. Second, through educational reform and teaching research activities, we will share educational reform achievements and educational information in various forms such as public welfare lectures to help support weak schools. Third, give full play to the driving role of urban education in rural education, promote the relatively balanced development of urban and rural education, and continuously improve the overall level of rural education.
Fifth, raise funds from various sources and increase investment in education.
On the one hand, by raising funds to attract government investment, increase investment in schools, help rural primary schools improve the construction of various teaching facilities, further improve the conditions for running schools in rural areas, and provide a reliable material foundation for the development of rural primary schools. On the other hand, improve teachers' welfare and properly solve the problems of teachers' medical insurance and pension. Conditional towns and villages can implement teachers' housing projects, build teachers' apartments or teachers' residential quarters in the township government or the central village, realize the urbanization of rural teachers' lives, let them live happily and teach happily, and arouse teachers' enthusiasm.
A summary of rural family education
How to improve the level of family education, especially rural education, is related to the overall improvement of China's population quality and the overall development of the national economy and people's livelihood.
To correctly understand their position in children's education, principals and teachers of rural schools should also seriously investigate the current situation of family education in this area, make full use of educational resources such as distance education to run schools well, and try their best to solve various drawbacks in rural education. It is hoped that the rural family education, a universal social topic, will attract the attention of relevant departments and experts and formulate practical and effective methods and measures. In addition to improving the hardware facilities of rural education, we should also let rural areas update their educational concepts, abandon wrong educational ideas, improve their self-cultivation and master certain educational laws and methods. Only in this way can rural education have hope and national education be comprehensively promoted.