(I copied and pasted) 1. Earthquake knowledge 1. What is an earthquake? The earthquake we often say refers to the sudden release of slowly accumulated energy in the earth, which causes the vibration of the earth's surface.
2. How many layers can the earth be divided into? Which floor often has earthquakes? The interior of the earth can be divided into three layers: crust, mantle and core. According to statistics, about 92% of earthquakes occurred in the crust, and the rest occurred in the upper mantle.
3. How many earthquakes can occur on the earth in a year? Earthquakes happen every day on the earth, about 5 million times a year. About 50 thousand people can feel it; Can cause injury about 1000 times; On average, there are more than a dozen major earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above every year.
4. According to the causes of earthquakes, what are the types of earthquakes? According to the causes, it can be divided into natural earthquakes and artificial earthquakes. Natural earthquakes include tectonic earthquakes, volcanic earthquakes and subsidence earthquakes.
Vibration directly caused by human factors is man-made earthquake, such as vibration caused by underground nuclear explosion. What we usually call earthquakes, mostly natural earthquakes, is a frequent natural phenomenon and a special manifestation of crustal movement.
5. According to the causes of earthquakes, what types of earthquakes have occurred in the world at present? It mainly belongs to tectonic earthquake. According to statistics, tectonic earthquakes account for more than 90% of the total number of earthquakes in the world.
6. What are the three basic parameters of an earthquake? Time, place and magnitude of the earthquake. 7. What is the focal point, epicenter and epicentral distance? The place where earthquakes occur inside the earth is called the source.
The projection point of the source on the ground is called the epicenter. The distance from the epicenter to any point on the ground is called epicentral distance.
8. What is the focal depth? What are shallow earthquakes, deep earthquakes and moderate earthquakes? The distance from the epicenter to the source is called the focal depth. The earthquake with focal depth less than 70 kilometers is shallow earthquakes; Earthquakes with a focal depth of more than 300 kilometers are called deep earthquakes; Earthquakes with a focal depth of 70-300 kilometers are moderate earthquakes.
9. What are near earthquakes, near earthquakes and far earthquakes? The epicentral distance within 100 km is called a near earthquake; The epicentral distance1000 km-1000 km is called a near earthquake; Earthquakes are those whose epicentral distance exceeds 1000 km. 10. What is the order of magnitude? What are the factors that affect the size? Magnitude is the magnitude of the earthquake itself, which is related to the energy released by the source.
The greater the energy, the greater the order of magnitude; The magnitude difference is one level and the energy difference is about 30 times. 1 1. What kinds of earthquakes can be classified according to magnitude? According to the magnitude, earthquakes of magnitude 7 and above are called major earthquakes; Earthquakes below magnitude 7, magnitude 5 and above are called strong earthquakes or moderate earthquakes; Earthquakes below magnitude 5 and above magnitude 3 are called small earthquakes; Weak earthquakes and microseisms are earthquakes with magnitude less than 3, 1 or 1 or above.
A magnitude less than 1 is called an ultrashort earthquake. 12. What is the magnitude of the largest recorded earthquake in the world? 8.9, which occurred in the Chile earthquake on May 22nd, 1960.
What is the earthquake intensity? What are the factors that affect the strength? The degree of influence and destruction of an earthquake on a certain area is called seismic intensity, or intensity for short. Generally speaking, the greater the magnitude, the greater the intensity.
The intensity of the same earthquake is high when the epicentral distance is small, but low when it is short. In addition to magnitude and epicentral distance, the factors affecting intensity are also related to focal depth, geological structure and foundation conditions.
14. What's the difference between magnitude and intensity? Magnitude reflects the size of the earthquake itself and is only related to the energy released by the earthquake. Expressed by "quantity"; Intensity indicates the degree of influence and destruction on the ground, which is expressed by "degree". Earthquakes have only one magnitude, and their intensity varies from place to place.
15. What is the isointensity line? What is the function of isointensity line graph? Isointensity line is the connecting line of all points with the same intensity on the ground. The contour map of equal intensity draws the general outline of earthquake impact, which provides a scientific basis for us to quickly evaluate earthquake disasters and deploy earthquake relief work.
What is an earthquake sequence? What are main shock, aftershock and foreshock? What types are earthquake sequences generally divided into? In a certain period of time, a series of earthquakes with different sizes occur in the same source area, and their seismogenic mechanism has some internal connection or common seismogenic structure, which is called earthquake sequence. The strongest earthquake in the earthquake sequence is called the main earthquake; After the main earthquake, a smaller earthquake in the same earthquake area is called aftershock; Smaller earthquakes that occurred in the same earthquake area before the main earthquake are called foreshocks.
Earthquake sequences can be divided into the following categories: (1) main shock type-the magnitude of main shock is high and prominent, and the energy released by main shock accounts for more than 90% of the whole earthquake sequence, which can be divided into main shock-aftershock type and foreshock-main shock-aftershock type; (2) earthquake swarm type-there is no prominent main earthquake, and the main energy is released through several earthquakes with similar magnitude; (3) Isolated type (single earthquake)-Its main feature is that there are almost no foreshocks and almost no aftershocks. 17. What is a destructive earthquake? Severe destructive earthquake? Destructive earthquake refers to an earthquake event that causes certain casualties and economic losses.
Severe destructive earthquake refers to an earthquake event that causes serious casualties and economic losses, makes the disaster area lose or partially lose its self-recovery ability, and requires the state to take rescue action. 18. What is the urban "direct earthquake"? What are the most typical "direct earthquakes" in cities? Earthquakes in big cities and their surrounding areas are called "direct earthquakes" in cities, which is a term put forward by Japanese scholars. Such earthquakes often cause great losses to cities.
The most typical "direct earthquakes" in cities are 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China and 1995 Hanshin earthquake in Japan. 19. Who invented the first seismograph in the world? What year? The first seismograph in the world (Hou Feng seismograph) was invented by Zhang Heng, a scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Longxi earthquake was recorded in 132.
20. When and where were the earliest seismic networks and seismic telemetry networks built in China? 1930, under the auspices of Li Shanbang and Qin Xinling, the first seismic station in China-Jiu Feng Seismic Station in Xishan, Beijing was established. 1966 Beijing Telemetry Network has built 8 substations.
1975 After the Haicheng earthquake, it was expanded for the first time, and 2 1 substations were distributed in Beijing, Tianjin, Tang and Zhang areas. 1980 for the second expansion and implementation of encryption project.
1990 after the Datong earthquake, the expansion was carried out for the third time and the "North China Network Networking" project was implemented. 2 1. What's the difference between seismic shear waves and longitudinal waves? The vibration direction of shear wave is perpendicular to the forward direction of wave, while the vibration direction of longitudinal wave is consistent with the propagation direction.
In the epicentre area, seismic waves go directly underground.
2. The questionnaire about earthquakes should be 10- 15.
Earthquake knowledge questionnaire 1. Which scientist in ancient China invented the first seismograph in the world-the seismograph after the wind. A, Cai Lun B, Zhang Heng C, Bi Sheng 2. What anniversary is this year's Tangshan earthquake? A, 20th anniversary b, 30th anniversary c, 40th anniversary 3. There are two major seismic belts in the world, namely, the Pacific Rim seismic belt and the Mediterranean-Himalayan seismic belt. In which seismic zone is the total energy of 76% of the global seismic zone released? A, Pacific Rim Seismic Belt B, Mediterranean-Himalayan Seismic Belt 4. When has an earthquake of magnitude 7.5 occurred in Hainan since records began? In this earthquake, 72 villages sank into the sea and more than 3,300 people died. A, 1969 Lingshui earthquake b, 1605 Qiongshanta earthquake c, 1995 Beibu Gulf earthquake 5. Earthquake disasters have the characteristics of sudden, destructive and wide influence; The magnitude of the disaster depends on the magnitude, location and time of the earthquake; The weak seismic performance of buildings and the public's lack of disaster prevention knowledge may increase the loss of earthquake disasters. What caused 90% casualties and losses caused by earthquake disasters? A, houses collapsed b, the public lacked knowledge of disaster prevention 6. An earthquake has only one magnitude, but the earthquake intensity is different in different places. The closer to the epicenter, the greater or smaller the earthquake intensity? The bigger a and b are, the smaller 7 is. The state implements a unified release system for earthquake prediction. Earthquake prediction is generally issued by people in the State Council and the province, and local cities and counties can issue imminent earthquake prediction within 48 hours in case of emergency. In addition to the above-mentioned units, is there any unit or individual that has the right to publish opinions and news about earthquake prediction? A, yes B, No.8 If you hear "What time is it? "What magnitude earthquake will happen somewhere? A: I don't believe it. It's an earthquake rumor. B, I'm nervous I asked around for news. 9. What is the seismic fortification of buildings in Haikou? Have your buildings and office buildings met the seismic fortification requirements? A, 7 degrees B, 8 degrees C, reaching D, not reaching E, I don't know 10. Do rural housing construction in our province need to take seismic measures? A, with B, without 1 1. Tsunami is a powerful and destructive wave. Which of the following earth activities may cause a tsunami? A, underwater earthquake b, volcanic eruption c, underwater collapse and landslide, etc. 12. What should people do if there is a tsunami during an earthquake? A, quickly escape from the seaside, and evacuated to a high place. B, watching the excitement by the sea 13. What should I do if I encounter a building earthquake? A, take the elevator to escape B, hide under a small studio house or solid furniture, and quickly run from the stairs to the open space after the earthquake. What should I do if I encounter an earthquake in a public place? A. squeeze into the exit to escape. B. Hide in place by large commodities or pillars, protect your head, avoid shelves and fragile objects, and quickly run from the stairs to the open space after the earthquake. What should I do if I encounter an earthquake while walking in the street? A, run home quickly. B, in situ squat down, to avoid the earthquake. C. Cover your head with a soft object such as a schoolbag and quickly run to a wide field. 16. What should I do at the seaside during an earthquake? A, move away from the coast as soon as possible to avoid earthquakes and tsunamis. B, run to the sea. What is the principle of saving people after an earthquake? A, save near first, then save far b, save acquaintances first, then save rescuers 18. How to ask for help when being buried in an earthquake? A, desperately calling for help b, knocking at the door for help c, waiting patiently 19. After the earthquake, can people in the open space go home quickly? A, can b, can't, avoid aftershock 20. What type of volcano is Shishan Volcano Group in Qiongbei, Hainan? A, extinct volcano b, dormant active volcano.
3. Earthquake knowledge question and answer
1. When we take the bus, if there is an earthquake, we should jump out of the window. B. get out of the car quickly C grab the handrail and get down quickly, and then get off after the earthquake. 2. How should you prevent earthquakes when you are outdoors? (b c d e) A. Don't run around and avoid crowded places. B, return to the room. C, choose to squat or get down in the open space to avoid falling. D, avoid tall buildings or structures. E, avoid dangerous objects, towering or hanging objects (such as transformers, telephone poles, street lamps, billboards, cranes, etc.). What should you do if you are buried under the ruins? (ACDE)A, try to pull your hand out of the collapsed object, and remove the sundries on your head and chest and the dust near your nose and mouth; B, call for help loudly; C, avoid unstable collapsed objects and other falling objects above your body, expand and stabilize your living space d, maintain physical strength e, and try to maintain life; 4, shock absorption (ABCD)A, under the kang, near the solid furniture B, the interior wall of the home. (ABC) A. Follow the principles of "more before less" and "near before far", that is, rescue the places where there are many buried people first, rescue the buried people nearby first, expose the head of the injured person first, and keep breathing smoothly. If suffocation occurs, give artificial respiration immediately. C. If the post-earthquake situation is complicated and the conditions are not available, you should try to ask for foreign aid as soon as possible, or try to extend the life of the buried person first.
4. Answers to common sense questions on earthquake prevention and disaster reduction
The answer to the question "Common Sense of Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction" is 1. How to identify earthquake rumors? 2. What should be the posture of indoor hedging? 3. What principles should we pay attention to when saving people? 1. Is there any groundwater anomaly before the earthquake? What are the anomalies? 2. China is located in two major earthquake zones in the world, that is, between what and what? There are two options for an earthquake: one is to run, and the other is what? 4. In case of fire or toxic gas leakage, what should be used for quick transfer? Be careful not to use naked fire, which direction should you run and which direction should you try to go around? 5. Stay in a high-rise room and avoid nearby. Be careful not to run to the balcony, stand on anything and use anything. In case of an earthquake, you will be trapped by a power outage? Note: The first three are questions (short answers) and the last five are fill-in-the-blank questions.
What does the horizontal line mean? It means that the answers in the 2009-12-1209:16 Safety Education Reading Test (Grade 4-6) need to be supplemented. Are those words hurtful? 2. What methods do primary school students have to deal with extortion and robbery? 3. What are the good living habits? How should we treat alcohol, tobacco and drugs? 5. How to prevent food poisoning? 6. What if the crowd is crowded during the outing? 7. How to protect yourself online? 8. What are the distress calls? Original answer: 1. How to identify earthquake rumors? Earthquake rumors refer to earthquake news without factual or scientific basis. It has the following characteristics: (1) earthquake rumors with feudal superstitions or bizarre legends; (2) The legendary earthquake is an earthquake rumor predicted by foreigners; (3) The legendary earthquake rumors earthquake has a large magnitude or its magnitude, time and place are very accurate; 2. What should be the posture of indoor hedging? When an earthquake occurs, the better way is to keep calm, avoid nearby dangers, and evacuate to a safe place quickly after the earthquake.
If it is too late to run to a safe place outdoors, you can temporarily hide under hard furniture or in the inner corner, or you can move to places with more load-bearing walls and smaller rooms such as kitchens and bathrooms. Be sure to avoid weak parts of the wall, such as near doors and windows.
The posture that the body should take is: squat or sit down, curl up as much as possible, and lower the center of gravity; Grab a solid object, such as the foot of a table; Protect your head, neck and eyes, and cover your mouth and nose; Don't crowd around, and don't light up casually, because there are flammable and explosive gases in the air. 3. What principles should we pay attention to when saving people? First save near, then save far; First save the easy, then save the difficult; First save young adults and medical staff and increase helpers.
1. Earthquake precursors include groundwater anomalies and biological anomalies. 2. China is located in two major seismic zones in the world, namely, the Pacific Rim seismic zone and the Mediterranean-Himalayan seismic zone. There are two choices in earthquake: one is to run, and the other is to hide. 4. In case of fire or toxic gas leakage, cover your nose and mouth with a damp cloth and move quickly. Be careful not to use naked fire and run in the downwind direction. 5.
5. Answers to common sense questions on earthquake prevention and disaster reduction
1. How to identify earthquake rumors? Earthquake rumors refer to earthquake news without factual or scientific basis.
It has the following characteristics: (1) earthquake rumors with feudal superstitions or bizarre legends; (2) The legendary earthquake is an earthquake rumor predicted by foreigners; (3) The legendary earthquake rumors earthquake has a large magnitude or its magnitude, time and place are very accurate; (4) Earthquake rumors spread through gossip without normal channels under the banner of experts or as the forecast of earthquake institutions. We can identify earthquake rumors according to the above characteristics.
2. What should be the posture of indoor hedging? When an earthquake occurs, the better way is to keep calm, avoid nearby dangers, and evacuate to a safe place quickly after the earthquake. If it is too late to run to a safe place outdoors, you can temporarily hide under hard furniture or in the inner corner, or you can move to places with more load-bearing walls and smaller rooms such as kitchens and bathrooms.
Be sure to avoid weak parts of the wall, such as near doors and windows. The posture that the body should take is: squat or sit down, curl up as much as possible, and lower the center of gravity; Grab a solid object, such as the foot of a table; Protect your head, neck and eyes, and cover your mouth and nose; Avoid crowds, don't crowd around, and don't light lights casually, because there are flammable and explosive gases in the air.
3. What principles should we pay attention to when saving people? First save near, then save far; First save the easy, then save the difficult; First save young adults and medical staff and increase helpers. 1. Earthquake precursors include groundwater anomalies and biological anomalies. 2. China is located in two major seismic zones in the world, namely, the Pacific Rim seismic zone and the Mediterranean-Himalayan seismic zone. There are two choices in earthquake: one is to run, and the other is to hide. 4. In case of fire or toxic gas leakage, cover your nose and mouth with a damp cloth and move quickly. Be careful not to use naked fire and run in the downwind direction. 5.