The Origin and Rise of Academy in Song Dynasty;

The word "academy" originated in the Tang Dynasty and first appeared in the Kaiyuan period of Xuanzong in the Tang Dynasty, with a history of 1200 years. According to historical records, Li Zheng Academy and Jixian Temple Academy were the earliest academy names at that time, both of which were formally established. At that time, it was only used as a place for the imperial court to collect books and proofread books, rather than an educational institution for educating scholars.

However, when it comes to Jixian Temple Academy, we can't help but mention the book sorting movement in the inner government when Xuanzong was in power. It turned out that after the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, on the one hand, it inherited the books collected by the Sui government, on the other hand, it bought books from the people and ordered people to record the collection. However, due to the lack of systematic arrangement of these books, the situation of books was very serious in the early years of Kaiyuan.

So Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty personally initiated the activity of sorting out the books in the museum, and Jixian Academy appeared in this activity. Yuhai, Wang Yinglin: In the spring of the 11th year of Kaiyuan, Li Zheng Academy was built outside Guang Shun Gate of Daming Palace. In summer, Hou Guoxing, a bachelor of imperial edict, gave lectures on Zhuangzi, Laozi of Zhouyi, and gave wine frequently. In the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan, it was changed to Jixian Temple Academy.

There are bachelor's degree, straight bachelor's degree, lecturer, editor, proofreader and book reader. Bachelor of Jixian College, in order to identify the national ceremony, he is ready to be handled by counselors and collect ancient and modern classics. Wherever books are left in the world, where talents are hidden, ask them for advice. When there are strategies to be applied, writing is feasible for the substitute, and it is extended by testing the comparison between his academic ability and talent.

Those who undertake to write articles and arrange classics will enter classes at the end of the month and take exams at the end of the year. Therefore, the original task of the academy was only to help the emperor understand the classics, recommend talents, and put forward some suggestions for the emperor's reference and selection, which was essentially different from the later academy.

It can be seen that Li Zheng Academy and Jixian Temple Academy, which were founded in the Tang Dynasty, were the earliest institutions named after academies in ancient China, and the academies mentioned later all originated here. However, Li Zheng College and Jixian Temple College are only the beginning of the name of the college, not the beginning of the college as an educational institution.

Nevertheless, in the prosperous Tang Dynasty with splendid culture, the appearance of this official academic institution had an important influence on bureaucrats and literati at that time.

After arriving in Zhenyuan, Tang Dezong, some privately-run academies appeared, but all of them were small in scale and few scholars, mainly reading, supplemented by giving lectures. According to the literature, there were 34 academies in the Tang Dynasty. The truly meaningful academy is Lushan Guo Xue, also known as Bailudong Academy in the Song Dynasty, which was built in the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties.