Chapter XII Moral Education (Part Two)

Section 3 The Process of Moral Education

Moral education process: under the purposeful and planned guidance of teachers, students actively carry out moral understanding and practice, gradually improve their self-cultivation ability and form socialist morality.

The process of moral education is intrinsically related to the process of moral development. But there are differences between them. The process of moral education led by teachers' organizations is only an external important condition for students' moral development, not the process of students' moral development itself. The development process of moral character is the development process of students' own psychological quality, which has its own laws. These laws of moral development are not the laws of the process of moral education, but the basis of moral education. The influence of teachers on students' moral education can only be transformed through students' subjective choice, absorption and active practical activities.

First, the process of moral education is a process in which students actively carry out moral activities under the guidance of teachers.

1. The development of students' moral character is realized actively in activities.

Why do students actively absorb the influence of education in the process of moral education activities?

In the activities of absorbing the influence of society and education, young students are not only the objects of being influenced and educated, but also the subjects of actively absorbing the influence of environment and education, because they gradually have their own life experiences, values and ideological tendencies, all have their own considerations and tendencies, and they all need to go through their own inner thoughts and emotional activities to make their own judgments and choices. In other words, only through students' internal ideological and emotional activities can external influences be understood, selected and absorbed by them, and become their own views, needs and pursuits, so that social influences can be transformed into students' personal morality.

2. Moral activities are the basis for promoting the transformation of external moral influence into students' own moral quality.

3. Moral education should be good at organizing and guiding students' activities.

Second, the process of moral education is a process of cultivating students' knowledge, emotion and behavior.

1. Characteristics and Cultivation of Knowledge, Emotion, Intention and Action

Knowledge, that is, moral knowledge, is inseparable from the formation of knowledge, and a certain moral character is always based on a certain moral knowledge. It is impossible to form a moral character without a normal understanding. A person's moral consciousness always restricts his cultivation level, so the process of moral education often begins with improving students' moral consciousness.

Emotion, that is, moral emotion, plays an important role in the formation and development of morality. Moral emotion is a great power, which can promote the transformation of moral knowledge into moral behavior and develop into moral belief. If there is no corresponding emotion, even if there is some moral understanding, it will stay in words. In the process of moral education, we should attach importance to cultivating students' moral feelings.

Meaning, that is, moral will, moral will is a huge spiritual force, which can eliminate all kinds of interference and obstacles and make moral behavior decisions stubbornly persist. In the process of moral education, we should pay attention to cultivating students' strong will and make them have tenacious perseverance. This will help students adhere to moral understanding, deepen moral feelings, standardize moral behavior, and thus form beliefs.

Behavior, that is, moral behavior, is an important external manifestation of people's morality. A person's morality can only be expressed through moral behavior, so moral behavior is an important symbol to measure people's moral cultivation level. Moral behavior plays an extremely important role in human moral development. Only in carrying out the activities of moral norms can people deepen their moral understanding and feelings, exercise their moral will and strengthen their moral beliefs, so as to develop their moral character and improve their moral ability. In the process of moral education, we should pay special attention to the cultivation of students' moral behavior.

2. Moral education should pay attention to the overall role of knowledge, emotion, will and action.

Knowledge, emotion, will, action and other factors in the moral structure have their own characteristics and functions. They are interrelated, mutually restricted and promoted, and jointly promote the development of moral quality. Therefore, moral education should pay attention to comprehensiveness and pertinence.

The process of moral education is the process of cultivating students' moral quality, which is composed of four factors: knowledge, emotion and action, so the process of moral education is also the process of cultivating students' knowledge, emotion and action.

Thirdly, the process of moral education is a positive transformation process to promote the contradiction of students' moral development.

The basic contradiction in the process of moral education: the contradiction between the moral requirements put forward by the society through teachers and the existing moral level of students. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the emergence and positive transformation of internal contradictions in students' moral development and adjust the external environment of students' moral development.

1. Promote the positive transformation of internal contradictions in students' moral development

According to the nature, what are the internal contradictions of students' moral development? How to solve it?

(1) The contradiction of cognitive nature is the lack of moral knowledge and experience of students, which leads to the cognitive gap or the contradiction between wrong thoughts, behaviors and moral requirements. To solve this contradiction, it is necessary to explain the moral norms to them repeatedly and improve their theoretical cultivation and understanding.

② The contradiction of the essence of ability is caused by young students' weak moral ability and failure to fulfill moral requirements and making mistakes. For this contradiction, we must guide students to sum up life experience, strengthen moral practice and solve it by improving students' self-control and moral cultivation ability.

(3) The contradiction of ideological nature is that students are infected by some bad thoughts and habits or have formed such bad thoughts and habits, so they can't follow or don't want to follow moral norms at all. We should do in-depth and meticulous ideological work on this contradiction, guide them to understand the nature, seriousness and harmfulness of their own ideological and behavioral problems and mistakes, make them actively and seriously carry out ideological struggle and self-reflection, find out the root cause of their mistakes, repent and mend their ways, and urge them to make efforts to correct their mistakes, so as to solve the contradiction.

2. Adjust the external contradictions of students' moral development.

The external contradiction of students' moral development mainly refers to the contradiction caused by the inconsistency between the requirements of school moral education and the influence of society and family on students.

To solve the above contradictions, we must give full play to the leading role of school education.

Teachers should study problems comprehensively and deeply in moral education, analyze contradictions, and beware of one-sidedness and simplification; Even if students' moral character retrogresses and repeats, they should be calm, patient and serious, and must not be impatient, simple and rude. Generally speaking, the contradictions in the process of moral education are controllable to some extent. As long as we understand the situation, nature and roots of contradictions and adopt correct methods, we can always promote the transformation of contradictions into positive directions, turn negative into positive ones, and ensure the development of students' moral character along the direction required by education.

Fourthly, the process of moral education is a process of improving students' self-education ability.

Why is the process of moral education a process of improving students' self-education ability?

In the process of moral education, it is necessary to guide students to actively carry out moral activities, cultivate students' knowledge, feelings, intentions and actions, and promote the transformation of internal contradictions in students' moral development, all of which depend on cultivating and exerting students' personal initiative and self-education ability.

1. The role of self-education ability in the process of moral education

The ability of self-education plays an increasingly important role in the process of moral education. On the one hand, the ability of self-education is an important condition of moral education. Only by paying attention to cultivating and improving students' ability can we transform the inherent contradiction of students' morality and carry out moral education more smoothly and effectively On the other hand, students' self-education ability is an important symbol of their moral development. The task of moral education is to gradually cultivate young students from children who lack moral experience and ability and are highly dependent into social members who have the ability of self-education and can treat others independently. Therefore, the process of moral education is also a process of improving self-education ability.

2. The main characteristics and components of self-education ability

Self-education ability is closely related to self-education.

The relationship between self-evaluation and self-education?

Self-education ability is mainly composed of self-evaluation ability and self-adjustment ability. Self-evaluation ability is the cognitive basis of self-education. There is no self-education without self-evaluation. Only by understanding and evaluating one's own thoughts and behaviors can one carry out self-education. The more he can correctly evaluate himself and analyze his own advantages and disadvantages, progress and shortcomings, the more he can clearly define the goals and requirements of self-education and carry out self-education effectively.

3. Moral education should promote the development of self-education ability.

Section 4 Principles of Moral Education

Moral education principle: it is a requirement that teachers must follow when carrying out moral education for students.

I. The principle of integrating theory with practice

The principle of integrating theory with practice refers to combining the education of ideological and political concepts and moral norms with the actual exercise of participating in social life, and combining the improvement of students' ideological understanding with the cultivation of moral behavior habits, so that words and deeds are consistent.

Basic requirements for implementing the principle of integrating theory with practice;

① Theory study should be combined with practice to improve students' thinking. ② Pay attention to practice and cultivate moral behavior.

Second, the principle of persuasion

Persuasion principle means that moral education should focus on persuasion and persuasion, starting with improving students' understanding, mobilizing students' initiative and making them positive. The principle of persuasion is the principle of persuasion.

Basic requirements for implementing the persuasion principle:

1. explain the truth and clear your mind; 2. Follow the trend and follow the trend; 3. Give priority to praise and encouragement, and insist on positive education.

Third, carry forward the principle of positive factors and overcome negative factors.

The principle of carrying forward positive factors and overcoming negative factors means that moral education should mobilize students' enthusiasm for self-education, rely on and carry forward their own positive factors to overcome negative factors in morality, and realize the transformation of internal contradictions in moral development.

Carry forward the basic requirements of the principle of positive factors and overcome negative factors;

1. "Divide into two" treats students 2. Be good at recovering losses by exerting advantages and overcoming shortcomings. Guide students to evaluate themselves consciously and cultivate themselves.

Fourth, the principle of combining strict requirements with respect for students.

The principle of combining strict requirements with respect for students is that moral education should combine strict requirements for students' thoughts and behaviors with respect and trust for students, so that educators' influence and requirements on students can easily be transformed into students' morality.

Implement strict requirements and respect the basic requirements of the principle of combining students;

1. Love, respect and trust students. 2. Be strict with students.

Five, the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude

The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude means that moral education should proceed from the reality of students' ideological understanding and moral development, and implement different education according to their age characteristics and personality differences, so as to develop each student's moral character.

Basic requirements for implementing the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude;

1, deeply understand students' personality characteristics and inner world 2. Carry out targeted education according to students' personal characteristics.

3. Educate students in a planned way according to their age characteristics.

VI. Principles of collective education

The principle of education in the collective refers to paying attention to relying on the collective in moral education, educating students through the collective, and giving full play to the great role of the student collective in education.

Basic requirements for implementing the principle of collective education;

1. Guide students to care about and love the collective, and strive to build a good collective.

2. Educate students individually through collective education and influence the collective through individual transformation of students.

3. Combine the leading role of teachers with the strength of collective education.

Seven. Principles of consistency and coherence of educational influence

Its principle is that moral education should purposefully and systematically organize and adjust the educational influence on students from all aspects, so as to make them cooperate with each other and coordinate, so as to ensure that students' moral character can develop according to the requirements of educational purposes.

Basic requirements for implementing the principle of consistency and coherence of educational influence;

1. Set up a teachers' collective to make the influence of on-campus education consistent.

2. Give play to the leading role of school education, and make the influence of school, family and society on students' education cooperate with each other.

3. Do a good job of linking up, so that the education of students is consistent and consistent.

Section 5 Ways and Methods of Moral Education

First, the way of moral education.

All kinds of activities and work organized by schools in order to exert educational influence on young students are ways of moral education. The ways of moral education in primary and secondary schools in China are: teaching political lessons and other subjects, extracurricular activities and extracurricular labor, activities of the Communist Youth League and the Young Pioneers, and the work of class teachers.

1, teaching of politics and other subjects

This is the basic way for schools to carry out moral education for students purposefully, planned and systematically.

2. Extracurricular activities and extracurricular activities

This is an important way to carry out vivid moral education for students.

Step 3 work

This is an important way for schools to carry out moral education, especially labor education.

4, the school Communist Youth League, Young Pioneers activities

This is an important way to carry out moral education for teenagers through activities organized by themselves.

5. The work of the class teacher

Second, the method of moral education.

Moral education method: refers to the method used to understand students' thoughts and cultivate their moral quality.

persuade

Persuasion is a method to improve students' understanding and form correct views by putting facts and reasoning. To ask students to abide by moral norms and develop moral behavior, we must first raise awareness, inspire consciousness and mobilize enthusiasm. This requires persuasion to explain the truth, so that students can understand and understand. Only when students' consciousness is improved and they realize the necessity of morality can they consciously perform it. Our school is a socialist school, so we should cultivate students into conscious builders, especially pay attention to persuasion. Persuasion is widely used. No matter which moral education method is adopted, it is inseparable from improving students' understanding and needs to be combined with persuasion, but we can't just emphasize or use persuasion.

Persuasion includes explanation, conversation, report, discussion, interview, etc.

When using persuasion, we should pay attention to the following requirements: (1) Clear purpose; (2) Rich knowledge and strong interest; (3) Pay attention to the timing

set a good example

Ex.: It is a way to influence students' moral character with other people's noble thoughts, exemplary behaviors and outstanding achievements.

Examples include: model, demonstration and evaluation.

When using examples, we should pay attention to the following requirements: ① Choose good examples to learn. ② Arouse students' admiration for role models. (3) guide students to use examples to regulate their behavior and improve their self-cultivation.

take exercise

Exercise: it is a method to organize students to carry out certain practical activities purposefully and cultivate their good moral character.

Exercises include: exercises, systems, entrusting tasks, and organizing activities.

Pay attention to the following requirements when using exercises: ① Adhere to strict requirements; ② arouse students' enthusiasm; ③ Pay attention to inspection and persistence.

cultivate

Self-cultivation is an important way for students to improve their moral quality through conscious learning, self-reflection and self-behavior adjustment under the guidance of teachers.

The improvement of students' moral character is a dynamic development process, and its effectiveness is closely related to whether students can consciously and actively carry out moral cultivation. The older students are, the greater the role of their personal moral cultivation in their own moral development, so moral education must attach importance to students' moral cultivation and improve their cultivation ability. Without moral cultivation, personal progress is impossible.

Self-cultivation includes: study, motto, determination, self-criticism, cautious independence and so on.

Pay attention to guiding self-cultivation: ① cultivate students' interest and consciousness of self-cultivation. (2) Guide students to master the standards of self-cultivation. ③ Guide students to actively participate in social practice.

cultivate

Shaping: it is a way to cultivate students' moral character by creating a good and subtle way.

Cultivation includes personality edification, environmental cultivation and artistic cultivation.

Attention should be paid to: (1) create a good situation; (2) Combining inspiration with persuasion; (3) Guide students to participate in the creation of situations.

6. Praise, reward, criticism and punishment

Each moral education method has its own characteristics and functions. Every method is indispensable for moral education, but it is not omnipotent. They complement each other and cooperate with each other to form a complete system of moral education methods. It is impossible to cultivate the moral quality of young students through individual methods, but it must be the result of the scientific and comprehensive application of all moral education methods. Therefore, teachers should be familiar with all kinds of moral education methods and be good at using them creatively.