Education designed (provided) to meet the learning needs of children with special needs is called special education. The Salamanca Declaration adopted by the World Conference on Special Needs Education held by UNESCO in June 1994 said: "Every child has his own unique characteristics, interests, abilities and learning needs; The design of the education system and the implementation of the education plan should take into account the wide differences of these characteristics and needs. " The education of different kinds of special children can be divided into blind children's education, deaf children's education, mentally retarded children's education, extraordinary children's education, speech-impaired children's education, emotional and behavioral disorders' education, multiple disabled children's education and so on. The main spirit of special education is to consider the individual differences within each child and between individuals.
The goal of special education is to help children with special education gradually adapt to the least restrictive environment, so that they can participate in learning activities in ordinary schools as much as possible with normal children, thus achieving the goal of adapting to normal life. Developing special education is an important content to promote educational equity and realize educational modernization, an important measure to adhere to people-oriented and carry forward the humanitarian spirit, and an important task to safeguard and improve people's livelihood and build a harmonious socialist society.
Extended data
The biggest difference between special education and general education;
1, different educational objects.
The individuals of special education objects vary greatly. When educating special people, it is often necessary to design their own teaching design or training objectives according to their own characteristics. Special education refers to the scope of special education for people with physical and mental defects, that is, blind, deaf, mentally retarded children and problem children, and supports this education from the aspects of economic investment, scientific research, teachers and equipment.
2. Different teaching methods and means.
Due to the defects of special children, teachers should adopt different teaching methods and means according to their physiological characteristics, and special education also has its own special side.
Like general education, it not only educates students in morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, but also emphasizes the education of making up for defects and developing advantages, such as teaching blind children to learn Braille and directional walking, training deaf children's listening and language, and educating mentally retarded children's sensory perception and motor ability.