In BC 138, when Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, became powerful, he began to build palaces. The old Qin Garden extends to the forest garden, forming a garden, a bay, a palace and a scene. It spans five counties, namely Chang 'an, Xianning, Zhouzhi, Huxian and Lantian, with a vertical and horizontal distance of 300 miles, and the eight rivers of Ba, Chan, Jing, Wei, Feng, Gao, Prison and Orange enter and exit. Its scale can be seen from "Han Jiuyi": "The forest garden is 300 miles square, and there are many animals in the garden. The emperor shoots in autumn and winter. Among them, 70 are detached from the palace, which can accommodate thousands of rides. " Another "Guan Zhongji" contains: "There are 12 gardens in Shanglin, including 36 gardens, 12 gardens in Gongzhong and 35 gardens in Guanzhong." As can be seen from the above records, Shanglinyuan, on the one hand, raised hundreds of kinds of animals for emperors to hunt, completely inherited the ancient tradition, and there were garden buildings such as palaces and scenic spots, which were the theme of the garden.
There are 36 gardens in Shanglinyuan, such as Yichun Garden, Suyu Garden, Sixian Garden and Wang Bo Garden. Each garden has a different purpose. For example, Sixian Garden, designed to attract guests, is actually a gathering place. Yulan Pavilion is the forbidden garden of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and it is his farewell hall in Shanglin Garden: "You can only live in it when you are sightseeing, so it is called Yulan Pavilion." Shanglinyuan also has some palaces and ornamental buildings, such as Xuanqu Palace, which plays music and sings. Watch dog racing, horse racing, fish and birds, walk the dog, walk the horse and watch the fish and birds in Goutai Palace; Raising and viewing elephants, white deer and white deer; Grape Palace, introducing western grapes and Fuli Palace, cultivating exotic southern trees such as calamus, galangal, cinnamon, longan, litchi, betel nut, olive and citrus; Arriving at the performance venue is optimistic; Sericulture's cocoon view; There are Chengguang Palace, Chu Yuan Palace, Yang Lu Temple, Yang De Temple, Ding Jiao Temple and Sanjue Temple. It can be seen that the whole garden is divided into several scenic spots and spaces, so that each scenic spot has its own landscape theme and characteristics. Later, all the royal gardens in China inherited the activities of gardens in the Han Dynasty.
Shanglinyuan also has various water attractions such as Kunming Pool, Gaochi Pool, Sacrifice Pool, Elk Pool, Niushou Pool, Kuaichi Pool, Jicao Pool, Dongbei Pool, Danglu Pool, Dayi Pool and Langchi. Kunming Pool was carved in the fourth year of Emperor Yuan Shou of the Han Dynasty (BC 1 19). It is located in the southwest of Chang 'an, with a circumference of 40 miles. Surrounded by a pillar, it built a construction ship more than ten feet high with flags on it, which was very spectacular. According to "Three Auxiliary Stories", "Kunming Pool covers an area of 320 hectares, and there are more than Zhang Tai and stone whales in the pool. This stone carving is a whale, three feet long. Every thunderstorm, the leading boat moves. " "There is a dragon boat in the pool, which often makes ladies-in-waiting go boating in the pool, and Zhang Fenggai builds the Han flag to make songs. According to Records of Historical Records and Records of Guanzhong, Kunming Pool was built to train the navy. Stone statues of Penny and Weaver Girl stand on both sides of the pool.
Zhangjian Palace is the most important Miyagi in Shanglinyuan. Jianzhang Palace Beitai Liquid Pool is a garden attraction with good scenery. There are Penglai, Yingzhou and abbot in the pool, such as mountains in the sea. "Miscellaneous Notes of A Tale of Two Cities" records: "There is a solitary tree pool in the west of Taiye Pool. There are continents in the pool, and there are fir trees on the continents, which go around more than 60 times. It looks like a color cover, hence the name. " There is also a colorful moth pond. "Liang Wudi dug a pond to play with the moon, looked up at the moon at the magpie platform next to him, and threw the shadow into the pond, so that people in the palace could take a boat to make the shadow of the moon, also called the shadow pool." All this shows that the water surface division and spatial treatment of Taiye Lake Scenic Area and the artistic conception of the water surface are very interesting.
There are quite a few plants in Shanglinyuan, especially the courtiers from far and near, all of whom have presented strange trees and fruits. These alone have more than 2,000 kinds.
Shanglinyuan is a typical palace building in Qin and Han Dynasties, with beautiful natural scenery, gorgeous palaces and various life contents. In the garden layout at that time, planting trees to transfer flowers and digging ponds to draw water from springs were not only widely used, but also began to pay attention to the art of stone construction, so as to build mountains by stacking stones. This is also the usual gardening technique, both natural and artificial. In addition to the animal and plant landscape, the park also paid full attention to the waterscape treatment with sports as the main feature, and learned the form of natural landscape, in order to achieve the purpose of sitting and watching the scenery and enjoying it quietly. The appearance of this artificial landscape architecture opened a precedent for the design and development of landscape architecture art in the future.