Because the main teaching characteristics of art discipline are visualization and intuition, in addition to teaching and discussion, art appreciation teaching often adopts the way of visiting. Especially with the gradual prosperity of contemporary exhibition industry, the opportunities of art classes in the field are increasing year by year, which inevitably faces a problem, that is, how to implement the visiting method in the field teaching? The following ideas may bring some inspiration to art teachers and play a role in attracting jade.
First, the concept, characteristics and requirements of the visiting method
The broad definition of visiting method is to further realize the teaching goal, let students have perceptual knowledge of what they have learned, organize students to observe and contact with objective things or phenomena in specific places in nature or society, acquire new knowledge, and consolidate and verify what they have learned. From the perspective of art teaching, visiting method is also a kind of on-site appreciation method, which organizes students to visit museums, art galleries, artists' workshops and other places in combination with art teaching tasks. In this process, "observation and comparison" and "contact and understanding" are the key points of visiting method teaching. Students will contact, feel and be objective on the spot, activate indirect knowledge and information, and then "revitalize" knowledge with feelings and experiences, so as to deepen their impressions and consolidate and verify what they have learned.
The biggest advantage of visiting method is: 1, vivid resources, arousing students' great interest and strong thirst for knowledge, and high learning enthusiasm. 2. Expanding the teaching space, making teaching closely related to social life, highlighting the autonomy, participation and research of the learning process, finding learning methods through appreciation, and feeling the fun of learning and research. However, there are also corresponding constraints, such as: the time for organizing students to visit and the normal teaching order of the school; The limitation between the space size of the website and the number of visitors; Restrictions on the distance between schools and places to visit.
Therefore, the following points should be done well before the implementation of the "Thank You for Visiting Law": 1, prepare for activities. The preparatory activities include three aspects. First, teachers should prepare before class, and make an on-site appreciation plan according to the teaching objectives, contents and students' situation. Go to the site in advance to understand the situation, record the key points, difficulties and contents related to the teaching materials, and also understand the requirements and precautions for visiting the venues. Second, teachers should let students know the purpose, significance, difficulties, learning priorities and teaching-related contents of on-site appreciation, so as to avoid the blindness of visiting activities. The third is to strive for the school to give corresponding support to this activity. 2. Teaching implementation. During the visit, effective methods should be adopted to make students concentrate and devote themselves to the on-site appreciation activities, and collect information according to their personal learning situation and the learning tasks assigned by the teacher, so as to make the on-site appreciation activities really effective. 3. Review and summarize. Instruct students to combine teaching tasks with what they see, touch, feel and think, sort out relevant materials, talk about feelings or write reports, so that perceptual knowledge can be upgraded to rational knowledge.
Second, in the process of implementing the visiting method, we should integrate the curriculum concept.
After the visit, the teacher should guide the students to form a peer-to-peer research group, summarize the materials collected from the on-site appreciation into a harvest outline and a question outline, communicate with classmates and teachers, gradually raise perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, and then explore rational knowledge between teachers and students to further verify the knowledge already learned. The significance of this is that the research-based learning to discover and explore problems runs through the on-site visits and experiences, thus changing the current situation that students rely solely on receptive learning methods to acquire knowledge and solve problems, and learn to choose and study topics from natural phenomena, social phenomena and self-life under the guidance of teachers; And actively acquire knowledge and applied knowledge in the research process. Of course, in the implementation of on-site appreciation method, whether students can participate in inquiry learning is also related to students' situation. Generally speaking, it is more suitable for high school and junior high school. Students in grade five or six in primary schools can carry out on-site appreciation and learning activities suitable for their own knowledge with the guidance and help of teachers. Beautiful and vibrant nature, rich and realistic social life, museums full of history and civilization, and art galleries full of personality and romance are not only places that students like, but also places that students always yearn for. As Rousseau pointed out: "To do all kinds of research, we should observe on the spot, not just study books." (Rousseau: "Emile")
As the main factor of teaching activities, art teachers directly restrict and influence the normal implementation and achievements of the on-site appreciation method (visiting method). For example, in Dalian No.15 Middle School, before they organize students to teach film appreciation, teachers always go to the movies first, get to know the content of the movie story and consult the source of the movie. For example, according to Wang Anyi's film Song of Eternal Sorrow, the teacher first finds a novel to read, introduces the historical background of the story and its master position to the students, and arranges the viewing tasks, so that the students can enter the cinema purposefully and interestingly, thus changing the previous practice of students taking watching movies and watching TV as simple entertainment activities, allowing students to enjoy and experience on the spot, improving their appreciation ability and truly entering every student's life.
Third, lesson examples.
Appreciate the Song of Eternal Sorrow
-Preparation before viewing film and television works
About the movie Song of Eternal Sorrow
(1) Original work: Song of Eternal Sorrow, a masterpiece by Wang Anyi, a famous contemporary writer in China. Since its first publication in the 1990s, it has been printed 22 times, with a total sales volume of over 500,000 copies ... and has been sold in traditional Chinese, English and French in Hongkong, Taiwan Province, Macau, Southeast Asia and the world ... Song of Eternal Sorrow depicts the ups and downs of a "Miss Shanghai" with relief and meticulous brushwork. After the short and illusory glitz, there is endless loss, disaster and regret. ...
Song of Eternal Sorrow is a delicate and broken old dream of Shanghai. ...
"Wang Anyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow describes not only a city, but a scene that is hard to feel through historical research or personal experience. Such a big hand is still rare in the current novel world. It can be said to be an epic. " (Professor Leo Oufan Lee)
(2) Story: Wang Qiyao is the daughter of a typical Shanghai alley with exquisite homely beauty. She has both worldly wisdom and mixed feelings of love and hate. 1946, 17-year-old Wang Qiyao was chosen as "Miss Shanghai", and her ill-fated life began. First, she became a "canary" of a senior official. On the eve of liberation, the senior official was killed, and Wang Qiyao became an ordinary person again. The surface days are as dull as water, but the inner emotional tide has never subsided. The complicated relationship with several men is predestined. In 1980s, Wang Qiyao, who had reached the age of knowing his destiny, was doomed to failure. She had an abnormal relationship with her daughter's male classmate and was finally killed by mistake.
A woman's 40-year love and affection have been painstakingly written by a delicate and gorgeous pen, with ups and downs.
(3) Wang Qiyao, the absolute protagonist in The Song of Eternal Sorrow, is a woman who can do nothing but be a woman. It is impossible to create such a character on the screen without some real money.
(4) Director: Guan, the famous name of China film circle!
(5) Production: The Song of Eternal Sorrow will be jointly produced by Shanghai Film Studio, Shanghai Hairun Film Production Co., Ltd. and Hong Kong Jackie Chan Emperor Film Company.
(6) Progress: The production of a film is a complex systematic project. Make a timetable (omitted)
Teach:
"Whether it is a hundred years' history or a moment's emotion, the directors are only given' 90 minutes' in the film. The whole story should be clear, complete and reasonable in this' 90 minutes'. Therefore, in the whole production process, every scene has been carefully arranged and designed, and every prop is meaningful and needs us to ponder.
In this case, we should listen carefully to every sentence, watch everything and think carefully about what we have seen and heard, so as to truly taste the taste of the film. If we don't know the story of the movie until after watching it, then the movie is a waste of time. And we also have a premise, that is, don't doubt the director first, try to understand the film first, rather than let the film develop according to our inherent logic, and then judge. "
Film art can be appreciated from different levels and angles, and the story is only a formal aspect. Now many movies are gradually getting rid of this form and making movies jump. Some people call it a loose and incoherent story, but I think, as an audience, this aspect can be ignored. We can appreciate a movie from a completely different angle-texture, composition, profound meaning in lines and so on.
Fourth, the requirements of the visiting method for teachers.
The requirements of the visiting method for the quality and ability of art teachers are: before class, teachers must prepare a large number of materials related to art works, including humanities, history, politics, geography, religion, social sciences and so on. , for appreciation. In order not to arouse students' boredom and cultivate their appreciation ability, we should choose the best, most typical and most convincing works, because only such works have exemplary significance and artistic standards, can we improve Zhi Tao's sentiment, improve people's comprehensive quality and lay the foundation for them to become people with artistic taste and accomplishment. As Goethe, a famous German writer and aesthetician in the19th century, said, "Appreciation can only be cultivated by watching the best works, not the intermediate works." Therefore, the preparatory activities before the implementation of appreciation law course are related to students' interest and attitude in learning, and affect the formation of students' aesthetic habits and humanistic quality.
On this basis, teachers are also required to read more relevant books and films, and make use of all available environments and opportunities to visit museums, art galleries, cultural centers and artists' workshops to enrich themselves. At the same time, we should also pay attention to all kinds of architectural art and folk art, visit the site, feel the history, experience vicissitudes, increase experience, improve self-cultivation, pay more attention to the nourishment of sister art and dabble in related disciplines, and gradually become professionals with strong discipline teaching ability and self-cultivation.