Playing the piano (mostly refers to playing guqin), playing chess (mostly refers to China chess and Go), calligraphy and painting are the skills that literati (including some aristocratic families) must master to cultivate their self-cultivation, so they are collectively called "four friends of literati".
Weiqi originated in ancient China. It is speculated that the origin time is about the 6th century BC. Legend has it that Yao's son is stubborn, and Yao Faming learned Weiqi to educate and cultivate his temperament. The earliest reliable records of Go can be found in Zuozhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period.
"Chyi Chin Painting and Calligraphy" has a history of thousands of years. They are four artistic forms of cultivating sentiment in Chinese traditional culture, which deeply embodies the realism and folklore of traditional culture. The "chess" in the "four arts" mainly refers to Go.
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After thousands of years of development, calligraphy has evolved into today's characters, and the generation of calligraphy is because ancestors invented the writing brush. Throughout the ages, Chinese characters were mainly written with a brush. As for other writing forms, such as hard pen and finger writing, their writing rules are not completely different from those of brush, but they are basically the same.
In the early days of Chinese civilization, there were Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jin Wen. In the pre-Qin period, it was mainly carved on bamboo slips with a knife, with characters such as seal script and lower case. After the Han Dynasty, writing was mainly done with brush, including official script, regular script, regular script, running script, cursive script and Song style.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Chyi Chin Painting and Calligraphy