A sign of knowledge understanding
1. You can use your own words, that is, you can grasp the essence of knowledge and determine the deep structure of knowledge, so that under the premise of changing the surface structure, you can still express the same deep structure with the new surface structure;
2. Be able to complete the required action according to the understood knowledge, that is, be able to perform the action correctly.
Second, the factors affecting knowledge understanding
1. Consciousness and method of active understanding
(1) Consciousness tendency of active understanding. Psychologist whitlock emphasized that in order to promote the generation of understanding, students must change their understanding of learning activities and their own role in learning activities. The task of students is not to record and recite the knowledge taught by teachers, but to link what they have learned with the original knowledge and real life experience for generative learning.
(2) Strategies and methods of active understanding
The following strategies can be adopted in teaching:
1 Add a topic. In order to add a theme to an article, learners need to synthesize different contents and refine them. There is no standard answer to supplementary questions, but we should grasp the center, be eye-catching, be imaginative and creative.
② Subtitles of columns. In order to write a subtitle for one or several paragraphs, learners need to synthesize the meaning of this part, which can be used not only in Chinese teaching, but also in other social and natural disciplines.
Three questions. In view of the current content, find out what you want to understand, which requires students to make a comprehensive analysis of the content.
4 explain the purpose. Explain the author's purpose of writing these contents, and ask students to synthesize these contents, analyze and speculate in combination with the contents before and after.
⑤ Summary or abstraction. Write a summary of the whole content, or summarize its central meaning, and try to express it in your own words, instead of extracting and listing the original words in the book.
⑥ Draw a chart or list. Summarize and sort out the main points of this paragraph by drawing or listing, show the relationship between them, and analyze and compare the similarities and differences of related concepts.
2. The characteristics of individual's original cognitive structure
Ausubel analyzed the influence of different characteristics of cognitive structure on knowledge understanding and its retention.
First, are there any suitable concepts in the cognitive structure that can be associated with new knowledge?
Second, the stability and clarity of the original and fixed concept.
Third, the difference between new learning materials and original ideas.
3. The content of the learning materials
First of all, the meaning of learning materials will affect learners' understanding. Meaningful learning materials should logically and clearly express some conceptual meaning and have the possibility of activating learners' relevant knowledge and experience. Those meaningless syllables or garbled words are difficult to lead to understanding activities.
Secondly, the specific degree of learning materials will also affect learners' understanding. Relatively speaking, concrete materials contain more concrete, vivid and close-to-life information, which easily resonates with students' experience background, thus forming rich connections.
Third, measures to improve the level of knowledge understanding
1. Expand and use perceptual experience
The understanding of knowledge is achieved through the intuition and generalization of teaching materials. Among them, intuition is the premise and foundation; Generalization is both the result and the purpose.
(1) Common intuitive forms
(1) intuitive. Physical intuition is an intuitive way to directly perceive the actual things to be learned.
② The model is intuitive. Modeling is the simulated image of things. The so-called image intuition is an intuitive way to directly perceive the image of things. For example, all kinds of pictures, charts, models, slides, teaching films and TV observations and demonstrations are intuitive.
Three words are intuitive. Speech intuition is an intuitive form influenced by visualized language by students' perception of language material forms (such as pronunciation and glyphs) and understanding of semantics.
Step 2 Use Variants and Comparisons
Variation provides favorable conditions for understanding the essence of things from the material aspect, while comparison promotes understanding from the method aspect.
3. Systematization of knowledge.
Knowledge systematization is the connection between all parts of knowledge, which is conducive to understanding new knowledge with complete knowledge and avoiding students' formalistic mastery of teaching materials.
4. Improve the enthusiasm of students' thinking activities through heuristic teaching.
Students' understanding of textbooks is carried out through positive thinking activities, and the enthusiasm of thinking activities is always related to the emergence and solution of certain problems. Therefore, it is very necessary to use heuristic teaching to create problem situations, inspire students to find problems, and stimulate their desire and desire to understand textbooks or solve problems.
5. Take care of students to understand the characteristics of teaching materials.
Students' understanding level has a certain order and level, and has certain age characteristics. Therefore, students should be treated differently in teaching and be taught according to their different characteristics.
try one's hand (at)
1. (multiple choice questions) The sign of knowledge understanding is ().
A.you know what? What is this? B. Know? How's it going?
C. can repeat D. can describe
Answer A. Analysis: This question examines the signs of knowledge understanding. Students' understanding of knowledge will change the cognitive structure, which will be manifested through visible external words and deeds. (1) Do you know? What is this? Only by clarifying the superficial meaning of knowledge can we correctly describe the content of knowledge. (2) Know? Why? To further understand the content of knowledge and its internal logical basis and essential relationship. (3) Be able to retell examples, retell knowledge fluently and logically in your own language, quote examples, compress, expand or reorganize the original text, and ask reasonable questions according to the original text. (4) Mastery, the knowledge learned can be extrapolated, and the old and new knowledge have established an organic connection. Item a in the stem of the question accords with the correct description of knowledge understanding, so choose a in this question.
2. Short answer questions
Please briefly describe how to improve your understanding of knowledge.
Reference answer
Knowledge understanding is an important step in concept learning. How to improve, the specific measures are as follows.
1. Expand and use perceptual experience
The understanding of knowledge is achieved through the intuition and generalization of teaching materials. Among them, intuition is the premise and foundation; Generalization is both the result and the purpose. Common intuitive forms: intuitive objects, intuitive images, intuitive words.
Step 2 Use Variants and Comparisons
Variation provides favorable conditions for understanding the essence of things from the material aspect, while comparison promotes understanding from the method aspect.
3. Systematization of knowledge
Knowledge systematization is the connection between all parts of knowledge, which is conducive to understanding new knowledge with complete knowledge and avoiding students' formalistic mastery of teaching materials.
4. Improve the enthusiasm of students' thinking activities through heuristic teaching.
Students' understanding of textbooks is carried out through positive thinking activities, and the enthusiasm of thinking activities is always related to the emergence and solution of certain problems. Therefore, it is very necessary to use heuristic teaching to create problem situations, inspire students to find problems, and stimulate their desire and desire to understand textbooks or solve problems.
5. Take care of students to understand the characteristics of teaching materials.
Students' understanding level has a certain order and level, and has certain age characteristics. Therefore, students should be treated differently in teaching and be taught according to their different characteristics.