"The quality of drinking water in China is equivalent to German sewage?" "More than 80% of the groundwater in China is threatened by pollution and cannot be drunk?" "Is there a contraceptive in tap water in China?" These rumors related to "water" are frightening from the title alone, easily misleading the public, making people not know what water can be used safely, and losing confidence in the quality of drinking water and water environment management in China.
In recent years, with the rapid development of mobile Internet and people's concern about drinking water safety, various information related to "water" often appears on social platforms, but there are many rumors and even rumors. In order to attract people's attention and improve the click-through rate, most of these rumors will adopt the name or title of "self-contained traffic", which will spread almost like a virus on the Internet, shatter the public's already fragile mind about the water environment, and sometimes even cause certain social panic. Next, it analyzes six representative water-related rumors with high spread rate in recent years, so that the rumors stop at popular science.
Myth 1: Due to the serious water pollution in China, the quality of drinking water is equivalent to that of sewage treated in Germany, and drinking such water for a long time may cause cancer.
Analysis: With the public's high attention to the quality of drinking water, such rumors are taken out of context to attract attention, misinterpret the original intention, mislead the public's imagination, create social panic, and then trigger a wider spread of rumors. The message "Myth 1" literally conveys to the people is that due to the serious water pollution in China, the quality of tap water people drink is equivalent to the sewage discharged from German sewers. According to this literal meaning, the public thinks that they drink the water discharged from septic tanks every day, and the hygiene and safety of drinking water can not be guaranteed at all. They were very scared and thought that the tap water in China was "toxic". This rumor is very inflammatory. The truth is: the quality of raw water in the water source of China Waterworks is almost the same as that of the effluent from German sewage treatment plants! "Myth 1" uses the trick of stealing the beam and replacing the column, which confuses two different concepts. First, the raw water in the water source of the waterworks is not equal to the tap water discharged from the faucet in the user's home. Second, the untreated raw sewage from the sewage plant is different from the treated sewage from the sewage plant. According to the hygienic requirements of drinking water sources in China's Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water (GB5749-2006) and Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), when surface water is used as drinking water source, the water quality of the source should reach or exceed the Class III standard of surface water. It is particularly important to note that the water from drinking water sources will go through a complicated and strict water purification process after entering the waterworks. After reaching the index of 106 specified in Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water (GB5749-2006), it can be delivered to thousands of households. At the same time, in recent years, with people's increasing concern about the water environment, the pollutant discharge standards of urban sewage treatment plants have been continuously upgraded, and various new water treatment technologies have been continuously applied to sewage treatment plants. At present, the discharged water treated by many sewage treatment plants has reached or even exceeded the Class III standard of surface water. Therefore, the quality of drinking water in China is up to standard and safe, and long-term drinking is unlikely to cause cancer.
Myth 2: More than 80% of groundwater in China is threatened by pollution, so it is not drinkable.
Analysis: This rumor is not intentionally created, but misunderstood in the process of publication or communication, which leads to communication variation. "Changing face" is a rumor that is difficult to distinguish between true and false. This rumor seems to have been "endorsed" by professional institutions and scientific data, while the general public does not know much about "water science", which can easily lead to social anxiety as a whole. According to the monthly report on groundwater dynamics published by the Ministry of Water Resources in June 20 16, Myth 2 monitored 2 103 groundwater wells in Songliao Plain, Huanghuaihai Plain, basins and plains in Shanxi and Northwest China, and Jianghan Plain in 20 15, and found Class IV. There are 994 V waters, accounting for 47.3% and 80.2% of the total. According to the hygienic requirements of drinking water sources in China's Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water (GB5749-2006) and Groundwater Quality Standard (GB/T 14848-20 17), when groundwater is used as a centralized drinking water source, the water quality of the source must meet or exceed the Class III standard of groundwater. So the article and video titled "More than 80% of groundwater in China is threatened by pollution, so it can't be drunk" quickly appeared on the Internet. At present, nearly 70% of the population in China use groundwater as drinking water source. The widespread spread of "Myth 2" makes residents in these areas begin to doubt the safety of drinking water. However, this is not the case. If you know something about groundwater, you will know that groundwater is divided into upper stagnant water, diving water and confined water. The monitoring data released by the Ministry of Water Resources are the results of water quality testing for shallow groundwater, that is, upper stagnant water and diving. When groundwater is used as a centralized drinking water source in China, it is mostly deep groundwater, that is, confined water. Confined water is groundwater buried between upper and lower stable water-resisting layers (rocks). Because it is far away from the surface and protected by two water-resisting layers, it is not easily affected by human surface activities. The water quality of confined water has reached or exceeded the Class III standard of groundwater, which is relatively stable. Therefore, the data in "Monthly Report" cannot support "Myth 2". The correct and rigorous statement should be that "more than 80% of shallow groundwater in China is threatened by pollution and is not suitable as a drinking water source, but the water quality of deep groundwater in China is stable, reaching or even better than the Class III standard of groundwater, and can be used as a drinking water source."
Myth 3: There are contraceptives in tap water in China. No wonder there are more and more infertile people!
Analysis: This kind of rumor takes advantage of people's great concern about the safety and health of drinking water and food in recent years, ignores the comparison of material content and draws a conclusion directly, mechanically exaggerates the original influence of things. "Misunderstanding 3" first appeared in a network Weibo: "China is the largest consumer of contraceptives, which is not only eaten by people, but also invented new uses such as aquaculture. The environmental pollution of contraceptives will lead to the infertility of wild animals or reduce their reproductive ability. Scholars found that estrogen disruptors in drinking water were found in 23 water sources, among which the content in the Yangtze River Delta was the highest. In addition, as a persistent pollutant, general water treatment technology cannot remove it; The human body accumulates over time, and the consequences are unpredictable. As soon as this article appeared in Weibo, Gossip 3 was quickly concocted and immediately spread wildly on the Internet, which made many people who didn't know the truth feel terrible. The truth of the matter is that "Myth 3" confuses two completely different concepts. First, "trace estrogen detected in water" is not the same as "contraceptives in water". The main contraceptive ingredient of contraceptives is ethinyl estradiol, and the content of each drug is between 20 and 30 micrograms. The content of its substance in tap water is generally 0-0.005 μ g/L, that is to say, a person needs to drink at least 4000 liters of tap water to reach the content of a contraceptive. A person's daily water consumption is generally at most 2.5 liters, and it takes 160 days for a person to drink water continuously before he can ingest the content of contraceptive ingredients contained in contraceptives. In such a long time, the human body has already excreted it through metabolism, which will not affect the reproductive system of the human body at all. Second, "source water" is different from "tap water". After the source water enters the waterworks, it will undergo conventional treatment and advanced treatment, including various oxidation technologies and adsorption links, which can degrade estrogen to a certain extent and reduce the dosage. Before leaving the factory, the tap water should meet China's Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water (GB5749-2006). The contents of bisphenol A and dibutyl phthalate, the two main estrogen components in tap water, should not exceed 0.0 1 mg/L and 0.003 mg/L. At the same time, there may be thousands or even tens of thousands of substances in the water, and it is normal to detect trace estrogen in the water, just like the founder of Miletus School in ancient Greece.
Myth 4: "Functional water" can cure all diseases.
Analysis: This kind of gossip is mainly about the new concept and technology of "water". It is deceptive to show off the market with a seemingly professional "painted skin". In recent years, with the improvement of living standards and the acceleration of population aging, the rigid demand of the public for health has obviously increased, and various new concepts of "functional water" have appeared in black and pink, such as weak alkaline water, magnetized water, ozone water, water-based water, oxygen-rich water, energy water and activated water. Eight Diagrams 4 just grasped this point, borrowed some medical words that people didn't understand, and hyped the so-called new technology product "functional water", which was far-fetched and even confusing, so as to deceive ordinary people and induce them to buy products related to "functional water". The truth of the matter is: first of all, it is clear that there is no medicine that can cure all diseases, so there will be no water that can cure all diseases; Secondly, these "functional water" will refer to the concept of "high-quality healthy water", and then transition to the so-called nutrition and health care functions. In fact, what is "healthy water" so far? There is no uniform definition and standard in the world. There is a saying in China that "one side of water and soil nurtures one side of people, and one side of culture breeds one side of culture", so it is difficult to come up with a water quality standard recognized by everyone in the international community in the future. Thirdly, water is composed of hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms. No matter how it is treated, it is impossible to have special curative effect unless other substances are added. After adding other substances, it is no longer pure water. Whether to drink or not and how to drink vary from person to person. Finally, it should be noted that these "functional waters" under the banner of various new technologies will undergo some operations such as partial electrolysis, strong oxidation and pH adjustment. To highlight what they call special effects. In this way, the "functional water" made from them deviates from the scope of drinking water safety index, and long-term drinking may cause damage to oral cavity and gastrointestinal mucosa, and even seriously affect the normal metabolism of human body.
Myth 5: A large number of supermarkets stop selling fresh water live fish, which is caused by water pollution.
Analysis: This kind of gossip is the focus of public attention in a certain period of time. Because the authoritative news was not released in time and the public was suspicious, all kinds of absurd and wonderful rumors came into being. Many times, the pot fell from the sky and hit the water. "Eight Diagrams Five" is a typical case. The story is as follows: 20165438 In 2006+01710, the State Food and Drug Administration of the United States issued a special inspection notice for aquatic products in ten cities, focusing on the quality and safety of aquatic products and the illegal use of illegal drugs in their operations. The notice also mentioned the names of specific fish species and illegal drugs. Some supermarket operators are worried about being detected because they have doubts or are still using drugs banned by the state, so they take the trick of collectively "missing" fresh water live fish without authorization to avoid random inspection. Therefore, without the public knowing the details, it is easy to intuitively think that the sale of live fish was stopped because of water pollution. Rumors seized the intuitive psychology of the public and began to fly all over the sky, and the "pot" landed on the "water surface" in a down-to-earth manner.
Myth 6: Heavy rain leads to water pollution, which makes watermelon infected with SK5 virus and leads to death.
Analysis: This rumor is to make use of people's sensitivity and fear of the epidemic virus after the SARS incident to fabricate some professional words that seem to be "tall" but actually don't exist at all, and then fabricate a so-called "breaking news" to deceive the general public, artificially create panic and affect social stability. The so-called "SK5 virus" in "Myth 6" does not exist in medicine, not to mention eating watermelon will infect this nonexistent virus. At the same time, even if you eat contaminated watermelon and other foods, the pathogenic microorganisms infected by it are usually intestinal infectious diseases. At present, there have been no serious cases of direct death caused by this intestinal infectious disease. Finally, heavy rain may cause some water bodies to be polluted, but it will not immediately let watermelons carry some viruses that don't exist at all.
To sum up, in order to prevent being fooled and deceived by rumors or rumors related to "water", we need to polish our eyes and distinguish between true and false. More importantly, it is necessary to constantly understand and learn the knowledge of "water science", and at the same time, it is necessary to distinguish right from wrong, so as not to spread rumors, not to believe rumors, and to consciously resist rumors.
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