1. Differences in thinking patterns: Some students tend to analyze problems and pay attention to details and logical reasoning; Others prefer intuition and leap-forward thinking.

2. Differences in cognitive styles: Some students prefer to get information through hearing, while others prefer to learn through visual or hands-on practice. In addition, some students like to study independently, while others like to work in groups.

3. Differences in information processing methods: Some students are better at dealing with details and specific information, while others are better at dealing with whole and abstract information. Besides, some students like to learn quickly, while others like to think slowly.

Educational significance:

1. Respect students' cognitive differences: Teachers should respect students' cognitive differences, not insist on consistency, but encourage students to give play to their own advantages and specialties.

2. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude: Teachers should design teaching according to students' cognitive characteristics and learning styles, and provide diversified learning resources and teaching methods to meet the needs of different students.

3. Promote cooperative learning: Teachers should encourage cooperative learning among students and promote exchanges and mutual learning through group discussions and cooperative projects.

4. Cultivate autonomous learning ability: Teachers should cultivate students' autonomous learning ability, help students master learning methods, and improve students' self-awareness and self-adjustment ability.

Factors affecting students' cognition:

1. Genetic factors: Heredity is one of the basic determinants of human intelligence. The intelligence level of students is influenced by genetic factors to some extent, and the difference of intelligence will affect students' cognitive ability. For example, some students may have special talents in mathematics, science and other fields, but their performance in other fields is average.

2. Environmental factors: The environment is also one of the important factors that affect students' cognition. Including family environment, school environment, social environment and so on will have an impact on students' cognition. For example, good family education and school education can provide more learning resources and opportunities to help students improve their cognitive ability.

3. Learning experience: Learning experience is another important factor that affects students' cognition. Through continuous study and practice, students can accumulate knowledge and skills and improve their cognitive ability. For example, students' continuous study and practice in the fields of mathematics and science can improve their abilities in mathematics and science.

4. Psychological factors: Psychological factors are also one of the factors that affect students' cognition. Students' emotions, motivations, interests and other psychological factors will affect students' cognitive effects. For example, when students have a positive learning attitude and interest, they will be more willing to study and explore, thus improving their cognitive ability.