Seed collection: select plants with vigorous growth and good dry shape above 15 as seed collection mother trees. Generally, most seeds are picked from June 65438+ 10 to June 165438+ 10. Mature seeds are shiny and chestnut brown or yellowish brown. Choose sunny and windless days, tap the branches with bamboo poles to make the seeds fall off, spread mats or plastic sheets under the bed to collect the seeds, remove the immature seeds and sundries, and spread them in a cool and ventilated place to dry in the shade. Don't pile them too thick, expose them to the sun or bake them with fire. Then, bag the dried seeds and store them in a ventilated place, or sow them with the harvest.

Seed treatment: Eucommia seeds can only be preserved for six months to one year. If the storage time is too long, their germination rate will decrease. Eucommia ulmoides contains gum, which hinders water absorption, so the germination rate of untreated seeds is very low. Before sowing, the seed coat is usually softened by the following methods to improve the germination rate.

(1) Mix the seeds with clean river sand or put them in wooden boxes in layers. If there are many seeds, you can also dig holes in the open space and pile them up as before. River sand should be kept moist, and it is advisable to knead it into a ball without water seepage. /kloc-after 0/5-20 days, the seeds can be sown when they turn white. If the sowing date is up and most of the seeds are not exposed, you can soak the seeds in warm water at 20℃ for 36 hours, change the water every 12 hours, and then take them out to dry before sowing.

(2) Soak the seeds with hot water at 60℃ and keep stirring. After the water is cooled, soak it in warm water at 20℃ for 2-3 days, change the water twice a day, take it out and dry it before sowing.

(3) Soak the seeds in clear water for 2-3 days, take them out, mix them with sand, pile them up, cover them with plastic sheets, and sow them after the seeds turn white.

Sowing time: spring sowing from late February to mid-March; Sow in autumn 1 1 month, and water after sowing.

Selection of nursery land: the nursery should be sunny, fertile and loose, and it is best to use slightly acidic to moderately acidic loam or sandy loam. Spring sowing should be carried out before winter, and base fertilizer should be applied after winter, with 2000 kg of decomposed fertilizer per mu, plant ash 150 kg, mixed with soil, leveled, raked and used as seedbed, with bed height 15-20 cm, width 1 m and length1.

Sowing method: Generally, the row spacing is 20-25cm, and the depth of sowing ditch is 2-4cm. Sow the treated seeds evenly, with 7- 10 kg seeds per mu, cover with 1-2 cm loose and fertile fine soil, and cover with grass after watering. There are about 12400 seeds per kilogram, the germination rate is 60%, and about 7420 plants can emerge.

Nursery management:

① Drainage and irrigation. In spring, summer and rainy season, waterlogging should be eliminated in time to ensure that there is no waterlogging in the ditch when the rain stops. During the period of high temperature and drought, it is necessary to water the seedbed in time and keep it moist. It is better to water it in the morning and evening and thoroughly every time.

② intertillage weeding. Regularly loosen the soil and weed to keep the bed soft and grass-free. When the seedlings grow 3-5 true leaves, the seedlings should be spaced and supplemented at intervals of 6-8 cm.

③ Topdressing. Topdressing in June and August, respectively, with 1000 kg of fully decomposed human manure and 3-4 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu, adding water and mixing evenly to avoid polluting the seedlings, and finally adding plant ash or potassium fertilizer to make the height of the cultivated annual seedlings reach more than 70 cm.

2. Cutting seedlings

The first is the hard branch insertion method. Select robust, pest-free annual branches, cut them in April, and then cut them into small pieces with 15cm length and 3-4 lateral buds. Put the lower part into the solution of ABT rooting powder of 0/00 ppm/kloc, soak it for 2 hours, pick it up, insert a small awl or bamboo stick into the hole on the seedbed at a distance of 6-8cm, insert 2/3 branches into the soil, and compact the soil by hand. Put a seven-point shade shed on the seedbed and spray water 1 time every morning, which generally takes 40-60 days to grow roots.

The second method is twig cutting. From June to August, select the robust branches of that year, cut them into small segments with three lateral buds, and do not remove the terminal bud leaves from each small segment, then put them into 100 ppm ABT rooting powder solution and soak them for 1-2 hours in the same way as hard branch cutting.

The third is the method of rooting and seedling raising. Dig up the root segments of large plants or cut the thick roots from nursery into small segments with the length of 65,438+00 cm. First, a cone-shaped hole is punched in the seedbed with a wooden cone slightly thicker than the root section, then the lower end of the root section is inserted into the hole, and the thick end is slightly exposed to the ground. Water is poured once every morning and evening, and new seedlings sprout from the cross-sectional wound or epidermis of the root section after 40-60 days.

Planting and afforestation

Site conditions: Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. It can be planted sporadically or in pieces. Plants planted sporadically in corners of fields, in front of houses, behind canals and ponds generally grow vigorously because of rich and deep soil and abundant sunshine. For patch afforestation, it is best to choose gentle slope. Afforestation grows well in slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soil at the foot of the mountain and in the middle and lower part of the mountain, but it grows poorly in coal soil and strong acidic soil, so it is not suitable for planting in low-lying and waterlogging-prone areas.

1. Planting method: Seedlings can be transplanted after defoliation in autumn to the following spring, but it is not suitable for transplanting in freezing period. After the seedlings are unearthed, the roots are easy to dry, so they should be wrapped in grass or straw bags when transported. If long-distance transportation requires water to keep the roots moist, it can also be soaked in soil for 5- 10 minutes before planting. Before planting, prepare the soil in advance, dig a pit with the row spacing of 2× 2m or 3× 2m, and the pit is 60× 60× 60cm, and apply manure, miscellaneous soil fertilizer, cake fertilizer, fireclay ash, etc. As the bottom fertilizer of the hole, mix well with the soil, then put the strong seedlings into the hole to stretch their roots, then add soil layer by layer, and finally cover the soil with a layer of fine soil.

2. Tending management: intertillage weeding, intertillage weeding twice a year within 3-4 years after planting. Where conditions permit, a comprehensive deep tillage should be carried out in the winter of the second and fourth years after planting, which has obvious effects on the growth of young forests. Top dressing, using cake fertilizer as top dressing has good effect. Applying lime, gray fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer to acidic soil can make the fertilizer response faster, and topdressing must be combined with intertillage. Intercropping between forest and grain, in intercropping crops, an open young forest, can promote growth by tending instead of ploughing, and the effect is remarkable. Leguminosae, tobacco and pepper are more suitable for intercropping crops, avoiding tall vine crops. Forest tending, once every 2-3 years, forest land can be deeply cultivated. When the forest age is 65,438+00 years, the apparent canopy density can be thinned once, and the main trees with poor growth can be thinned to increase the light transmittance. For the stand for seed collection, the second thinning can be carried out every 65,438+05-20 years to remove redundant male plants (the ratio of male plants is 65,438+05).