The pre-Qin Classics, Four Books and Five Economic Cooperation are called the Four Books and Five Classics, which are the classic works of China Confucianism. The four books, also known as the four books, refer to The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius are all called the four books, which are the basic teaching materials of Confucianism. For hundreds of years, the "Four Books" have been widely circulated in China, and many of them have become popular aphorisms. The Four Books refer to The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, The Doctrine of the Mean and The University. Among them, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius are collections of speeches by Confucius, Mencius and their students respectively, while Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean are two books in The Book of Rites. Zhu, a famous scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, first linked the two. However, before Zhu, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi had strongly advocated these books. They believe that "University" is an important book of Confucius' "the door for beginners to enter Germany" and was compiled by Confucius' students. The Doctrine of the Mean is a book "Confucius teaches the mind", and it is a pen, which is written by Confucius' grandson Zisi. Together with The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, these two books express the basic ideology of Confucianism and are the most important documents for studying and treating Confucianism. It is from this perspective that Zhu compiled four books: The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, University and The Doctrine of the Mean. Because they came from four representatives of early Confucianism, namely, Confucius, Zeng Shen, Zi Si and Mencius, they were called "Four Books" for short. Zhu annotated the four books respectively. Among them, the annotations of Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean are called "chapters and sentences", and the annotations of The Analects and Mencius are called "concentrated notes" because they quote many other people's sayings. It is worth noting that the order of Zhu's four books was originally The University, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and The Doctrine of the Mean, which was arranged in the order of learning from the shallow to the deep. Later generations put The Doctrine of the Mean before The Analects of Confucius because the length of Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean was short. In order to facilitate printing and publishing, it became the order of Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius.

In particular, it is worth pointing out that the neo-Confucianists in the Song Dynasty thought they were the real descendants of Confucius and Mencius, but in fact they castrated Confucius and Mencius. Not only that, they also stole a lot of things from Buddhism and Taoism, but they not only denied it, but also attacked Buddhism and Taoism, which was really a gentleman's move. It is because of their castration that the traditional culture of China has undergone a serious transformation. In a sense, they are really guilty!

More importantly, after Zhu's death, the court approved his "Notes on the Four Books" as an official book, which has been circulated since then. In the Yan You period of Yuan Dynasty (1314-1320), the imperial examination was resumed, and the scope of the questions was officially limited to Zhu Zhu and Zhu Zhu Zhu, which was used in Ming and Qing dynasties. Due to these factors, the Four Books not only became important classics of Confucianism, but also became a must-read for every reader and became a unified standard primary school textbook until modern times. Therefore, some people compare the four books with the Western Bible and think that they are the Eastern Bible. In fact, whether it is its widespread spread or its profound influence on the character and psychology of China people, this comparison is not an exaggeration.

"Da Xue" and "Da Xue" were originally an article in the Book of Rites, which had never been published separately before the Southern Song Dynasty. It is said that it was written by Zeng Shen, a disciple of Confucius (505-434 BC). From the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu and Li Ao maintained orthodoxy and praised universities (and the golden mean) to the Northern Song Dynasty, Cheng Er praised and publicized them in various ways, and even called them "universities", which was Kong's suicide note. Later, in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu inherited Cheng's thought, and compared The Great Learning in The Book of Rites with The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. Zhu and Cheng Yi, another famous scholar in Song Dynasty, believed that Da Xue was a suicide note left by Confucius and his disciples, and an introductory reading of Confucianism. Therefore, Zhu listed it as the first of the "four books".

The way of university is to be moral, to be close to the people and to stop at perfection. Zhi Zhi then has a decision, then he can be quiet, then he can be quiet, then he can be safe, then he can think about it, and then he can get it. Things have a beginning and an end, and things have a beginning and an end. If you know the order, you will find a shortcut.

The Four Books and the Five Classics

The Four Books and the Five Classics

Those who want to be obviously superior to the world in ancient times should rule their country first, and those who want to rule their country should rule their home first; If you want to reunite with your family, you should first repair your body; If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; If you want to be correct, be sincere first; To be sincere, you must know first, and you must know the style. Things are known, people know and are sincere, honest and upright, upright and self-cultivation, self-cultivation and self-cultivation, self-cultivation and self-cultivation, self-cultivation and governing the country, governing the country and leveling the world. From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, one is based on self-cultivation. If the end of the treatment is messed up, it won't work. Thick is thin, thin is thick, and there is nothing. This is called knowing it, and this is called knowing it.

The so-called sincere person is not deceiving himself. If it stinks, if it's lewd, it's called modesty. Therefore, a gentleman must be cautious and independent. Little people are not good at fooling around and do everything they can. When he meets a gentleman, he will resent it, fight for his incompetence and concentrate on his kindness. It is impossible for a man to treat himself as a liver and lung. This is called sincerity in the middle and tangible outside. Therefore, a gentleman must be cautious and independent. Zeng Zi said, "What you see with ten eyes and what you point to with ten hands is strict!" Rich, virtuous, broad-minded and obese, so a gentleman must be sincere. As the poem says, "If you look at Australia, you will see bamboo and Fiji. If it is incisive, if it is grinding, if it is sad, if it is noisy, then you will see the Fijian gentleman. " As eager as you are, Taoism is also; If you are as sharp as a mill, you will learn from yourself; Awkward people are also embarrassed; He Xi Xi Xi, Wei Yi also; If you have a gentleman, you can't be embarrassed. Morality is the best, and the people can't forget it. A poem says, "Yu Xi! The former king did not forget. " A gentleman is virtuous, close to his relatives, and a villain is happy and profitable, so that he will not forget the world. Chen Kang said, "Ke Mingde." Dajia said, "Ancient times are destiny." Emperor Dian said, "Mingde is also." It goes without saying. The dish of soup said, "New is new, new is new." Chen Kang said, "Be a new citizen." A poem says, "Although Zhou was an old country, his life changed." Therefore, a gentleman does his best. The poem says: "The country is thousands of miles away, but the people stop it." As the poem says, "A yellow wild bird stops in a corner." Confucius said, "When you stop, you know what you have stopped. Can people be worse than birds? " There is a poem that says, "King Mumuwen stops at Ji Xi." For the monarch, stop at benevolence, for the minister, stop at respect, for the son, stop at filial piety, for the father, stop at kindness, and make friends with China people, stop at faith. Confucius said, "If I hear a lawsuit, I am still a human being, and I will make it litigious!" Ruthless people can't do it, and they are afraid of people's ambitions. This is called knowing it.

The so-called self-cultivation lies in mindfulness, and it is wrong to be angry, afraid, happy and worried. Absent-minded, blind, listening but not smelling, eating without knowing its taste, this is called cultivating one's morality with the right heart.

There are few people in the world who are in physical repair, loved, looked down upon, feared, worried and lazy. Therefore, there is a saying: "Man is the evil of his son, and he doesn't know the size of his young son." This means that if you don't repair your body, you can't be at home.

The so-called rule of the country must be in line with its family, its family can not be taught, and there is no one who can teach. Therefore, a gentleman does not become a monk and becomes a Buddhist. Filial piety, so things are also jun; Brother, so the matter is long; Yeah, that's why Gong Ye. Chen Kang said, "If you protect your son." Sincerely ask for it, although it is not in the middle, it is not far away. So are those who haven't learned to adopt children before getting married. A benevolent government, a benevolent government; A letter, a goodsky letter; One person is greedy, and one country is chaotic. This means that a word is urgent and one person rules the country. Yao and Shun lead the world with benevolence, and the people follow it; Jie fights violence with violence, and everyone follows it. What it ordered was contrary to what it wanted, but the people did not obey it. Therefore, if a gentleman has himself, he will ask others, and if he does not have himself, he will not be others. Hidden things are unforgivable, but they can be used to describe people, but nothing is left. So the rule of the country lies in its own home. As the poem says: "If a peach wants to die, its Ye Zhenzhen, its son's return, its home is suitable." Appropriate family members can then teach China people. A poem says, "My brother should be my brother." You should be brothers and younger brothers, and then you can teach the people. As the poem says, "there are four kingdoms." Father-son law, then civil law. This means that the rule of a country lies in its own home.

The so-called people who rule the country by leveling the world are old in the world and filial to the people, long in the world and young in the people, and sympathetic to the people, which is the way for a gentleman to have a good attitude. If you are evil, don't let it fall; What is evil is the next, not matter; Evil is ahead, not behind; What is the evil of the future, not the evil of the past; Right evil, not left; If you are left evil, don't give it to right evil. This is called the way to slap the moment. As the poem says, "the pleasure of a gentleman is the parents of the people." What the people do well and what the people hate are called the parents of the people. As the poem says, "Nanshan is a festival, rocks are rocks, and the people have a long-term vision." If you have a country, don't be careless. You will rule the world. As the poem says: "It is not easy for Yin to lose his teacher, to be innocent of God, and to be disciplined by Yin." If you talk more, you will get the country; If you lose people, you lose your country. Therefore, a gentleman must first be cautious. Where there is virtue, there must be people. Where there is soil, there is wealth, and wealth is useful. Virtue is the foundation and wealth is the goal. Outside, fighting for the people. Therefore, if you gather wealth, the people will disperse, and if you scatter wealth, the people will gather. People who say the wrong thing come out and go in; Goods that go in illegally will also go out illegally. Chen Kang said, "Obedience is not constant." If it is good, you will get it, if it is not good, you will lose it. Chu Shu said, "Chu has no treasure, but good is treasure." My uncle said, "The dead are not treasures, but the benevolent relatives are treasures." Qin Shi vowed: "If I have no other skills, my heart will rest, and my capacity will be exhausted.". People have skills, if any; People are saints, and their hearts are good, just like their mouths. Tolerance is also beneficial, so as to protect my children and people! People have the ability to hate evil, and people are sacred, but they are unreasonable. I really can't stand it, it can't protect my children and grandchildren, it's very dangerous! " Only the benevolent let nature take its course and burst into four barbarians, not with China. This means that only the benevolent can love and be wicked. If you don't do it when you see a sage, you will die if you don't do it first. If you see something bad, you can't back down. If you back down, you can't go far. What good men hate and bad men like is that their husbands will be caught if they provoke others. Therefore, a gentleman has a way, and he gains it with loyalty and loses it with arrogance. There are avenues to make money, many people are born, few people eat, and those who use them are sick, so wealth continues. Kind people get rich by money, and unkind people get rich by their own bodies. There is no kindness, but evil is also; Without kindness, there is no end, and there is no treasury wealth, and there is no wealth. Meng Xianzi said: "Cattle and horses ride, not chickens and dolphins;" The home of ice cutting, not cattle and sheep; A hundred times the home, not a minister of livestock. It is better to have a thief than a minister. "That is to say, the country does not benefit from benefits, but also benefits from righteousness. Those who serve the country and spend money must be self-sufficient and do good deeds. The ambassador of the villain is the country, and the harm is coming. Although there are good people, none of them are good. This means that the country does not benefit from profit, but also benefits from righteousness.

The Doctrine of the Mean was never published separately before the Southern Song Dynasty. It is generally believed that it originated from Confucius' grandson Zi Si (483 BC).

The Four Books and the Five Classics

Four Books and Five Classics-402 BC), the historical records recorded that Confucius said that "Zi Si writes the doctrine of the mean". From the Tang Dynasty when Han Yu and Li Ao praised the golden mean (and universities), to the Northern Song Dynasty when Cheng Er praised and publicized the golden mean in various ways, and even thought that the golden mean was "a way to teach the mind through Confucius", and then Zhu inherited Cheng Er's thought in the Southern Song Dynasty, so he took it out and compared it with The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. Judging from the basic viewpoints of The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius, they are basically the same. However, the existing The Doctrine of the Mean was revised by Confucian scholars in Qin Dynasty, which was written roughly shortly after Qin unified the whole country. So every article is different from "University". Instead of the two words beginning with justice as the topic, it is the summary of the article.

Destiny is nature, frankness is Tao, and cultivation is teaching. Tao can't be separated for a moment, and non-Tao can be separated. So a gentleman is wary of what he can't see, and fear is almost unheard of. Don't be invisible, don't be subtle, so a gentleman is cautious. Emotions are not expressed, but expressed in the middle of festivals. If you are in the middle, you are the biggest in the world; He who is harmonious achieves the way of the world. Neutrality, the position of heaven, the education of all things.

Zhong Ni said: A gentleman is gentle, but a villain is anti-gentle. Gentleman's doctrine of the mean, gentleman and time; A villain is mean, and a villain will do whatever it takes.

Confucius said: Enough is enough! People rarely last long.

Confucius said: I know I can't. The knower goes over it, but the fool doesn't. The road is unknown, I know it. The sage has passed it, and the unscrupulous person is inferior to it. People seldom know the taste after eating and drinking.

Confucius said: it is useless to say it.

Confucius said: Shun's wisdom is also great. Shun is good at asking questions and observing words, hiding evil and promoting good, holding both ends and using them for the people. His thoughts are fluent.

Confucius said: Everyone knows. Driving away, accepting the trap, but not knowing how to avoid it. Everyone said that you should know that you can't keep the golden mean for a month.

Confucius said: If you return to life, you will choose the golden mean. If you get a good word, you will be persuaded, but you will lose it.

Confucius said: all countries in the world can be equal; Jue Lu can resign; White blade can also dance; Moderation is impossible.

Lutz asked for strength. Confucius said, "Strong in the south, strong in the north, how about restraining the strong? Be lenient to be taught, not to report no way, to be strong in the south, and to be a gentleman. Jin Ge, die tirelessly, the north is strong, and the strong live there. Therefore, the gentleman is harmonious but not flowing, strong but not right! Neutral and impartial, strong and correct! State-owned road, unchanged, strong and positive! The country has no choice but to die.

Confucius said: Su Zang monster, later generations have something to say, and I am grateful for it. I can do it if a gentleman follows the crowd and gives up halfway. A gentleman follows the doctrine of the mean, not knowing but not regretting. Only a saint can do it.

The way of a gentleman is hidden, and the stupidity of a couple can be known, although a saint does not know it; Couples can do whatever they want, but even saints can't do whatever they want. People still regret the vastness of heaven and earth, so a gentleman's big words can't be carried in the world, but his small words can't be broken in the world. Shi Yun: Kites fly in the sky and fish jump in the Yuyuan Garden. Look from top to bottom. A gentleman's way, nature makes people, and even observes what is going on in the world.

Confucius said: people are not sages, to err is human, to err is human. Shi Yun: Wako Wako is not far away. There is still a long way to go to beat Ke. Therefore, a gentleman rules people by man, and that's it. Loyalty and forgiveness are not far from breaking the law. Do as you would be done by. Gentleman's way four, Qiu failed to make a difference. Seek the son, serve the father, and fail to do so; I want to be a minister, but I can't do anything for you Begging for a brother, being a brother, failed; Ask a friend, give first, fail. The trip to Yongde, without saying anything, is not enjoyable and dare not be forced. I dare not do my best, but I will do what I say, and a gentleman will not make mistakes.

A gentleman walks in his own position and doesn't want to be outside. If you are rich, you will be rich, if you are poor, you will be poor, if you are barbarians, you will be barbarians, and if you are in adversity, you will be in adversity. A gentleman is not complacent. In the upper position, there is no resentment, and in the lower position, there is no resentment and no resentment. Therefore, a gentleman is easy to live in, and a villain is desperate and lucky. Confucius said: shoot like a gentleman, lose the integrity of others, and ask others.

A gentleman's way, such as traveling far, will seek more happiness from himself; For example, if you climb high, you will feel inferior. The poem says: a wife is easy to get along with, like a harp, and a brother has mixed feelings. One, two families, one, two wives and children.

Confucius said: Ghosts and gods are virtuous, and people are prosperous. Look at it, look at it, listen to it, smell it and leave it behind. Let all the people in the world be aboveboard and well-dressed in order to bear the sacrifice. It seems to be on it, it seems to be on its left and right. The poem says: God's thinking is immeasurable and can be embodied. Husband's slight show, sincerity can't be spelled like this.

Confucius said: Shun's great filial piety is also related to it. Virtue is a saint, respect is the son of heaven, be rich in the four seas, enjoy the ancestral temple and protect children and grandchildren. Therefore, Dade will win its position, its wealth, its name and its longevity. Therefore, the creatures in heaven will be determined by their talents. So the person who planted it cultivated it and the person who watered it covered it. The poem says: Le Jia is a gentleman, virtuous and virtuous, obedient to people's wishes, blessed by heaven, and applying to heaven.

Confucius said: He who has no worries is the king of literature. Take Wang Ji as the father, Wu Wang as the son, what the father did, what the son said. King Wu combines the wisdom of Qi, Qi and Wen, and is famous all over the world. Being honored as the son of heaven, he is rich in the world and enjoys the descendants of the ancestral temple.

The Four Books and the Five Classics

The four books and five classics are guaranteed. By the end of the command, the Duke of Zhou was both civil and military, chasing Wang and Ji Wang, and worshiping the Emperor. This ceremony is no less than that of prince, doctor and scholar Shu Ren. The father is a doctor, the son is a scholar, the doctor is buried and the scholar is sacrificed; The father is a scholar, the son is a doctor, the scholar is buried and the doctor is sacrificed. The loss of menstrual period is decided by the doctor; Three years of mourning, up to the son of heaven; Losing parents is neither noble nor despicable.

Confucius said: King Wu and Duke Zhou are filial. Filial piety is good at inheriting people's aspirations and telling people's things. During the Spring and Autumn Period, ancestral temples were built and Chen Qi's instruments were installed, so it was recommended to eat at that time. The ceremony of the ancestral temple, so the order Zhao Mu also. Order Jue, so distinguish between high and low; Order, so distinguish virtue; Travel pays the best, so seize the cheap; Mao Yan, so the sequence of teeth also. Do your job, do your rituals, enjoy what you like, respect what you respect, love what you love, die as it is, die as it is, and be filial. Rituals in suburban communities, so this is God's business; The ceremony of the ancestral temple, so it is also the first time. Is it clear about the ceremony of suburban community, the meaning of taste and the rule of the country?

Mourning the public and asking about politics, Confucius said, "Civil and military politics are all in the plan. If a person exists, it is a political act. If he dies, he will lose his political interest. " Humanism is sensitive to politics and tunnels are sensitive to trees. Husband is also a politician, and Pu Lu is also. Therefore, the government is in the people, take the people as an example, cultivate one's morality by virtue, and take benevolence as the foundation. Benevolent people, people are also, and relatives are the biggest. Honest people should also respect kind people. Kissing kills people, respecting good people, and so on. , courtesy is born. Secondly, if you can't get it, the people can't get it and rule it. Therefore, a gentleman can't help but cultivate himself. He should think about cultivating himself, don't be ignorant of people, and think about knowing people. There are five ways in the world, so there are three people who do it. It is said that the monarch and his subjects, father and son, husband and wife, brother Kun and friends are all the best in the world. Knowledge, kindness and courage are the virtues of the world. Therefore, those who walk are also. Or born to know, or learn to know, or trapped to know, and one of them knows. Do it safely, profitably or reluctantly, and you will succeed. Confucius said, "Learn to be close to knowledge, practice to be close to benevolence, and be ashamed to be brave." Knowing the three, you will know why you practice. If you know why you cultivate yourself, you will know why you treat people. If you govern the people, you will know why you govern the country. There are nine classics in all countries in the world, saying: cultivate one's morality, respect the virtuous, kiss and respect the ministers, exercise the ministers, serve the common people, work hard, be gentle and far-sighted, and cherish the princes. Cultivate one's morality is the way to stand, respect the sage without confusion, kiss for the father and brother, respect the minister without dazzle, reward the body and minister, persuade Zi and Shu Ren by the people, make full use of the money, be gentle and return far away, be pregnant with princes and fear the world. Qi Ming's promotion is indecent, so cultivate one's morality. Go to the far color, bitch and noble, so advise Xian also. Respect their status, attach importance to their wealth and share their likes and dislikes, so it is recommended that they kiss. The official was appointed as an ambassador, so he suggested to the minister. Loyalty values Lu, so I advise scholars. When you make it thin, you should convince the people. The monthly exam in Japan is a very important thing, so I suggest all workers do it. Send to meet, Jiashan and cherish can't, so soft people are far away. Following the peerless world, abolishing the country, managing chaos, grasping danger, recruiting talents, and accumulating wealth, I became pregnant with princes. All countries in the world have nine classics, so those who do it are also. Everything is prepared, and if it is not prepared, it will be wasted. Don't be afraid to make rules before speaking, don't be sleepy before doing it, don't be sorry before doing it, and don't be poor before doing it. Secondly, if you can't get it, the people can't get it and rule it. If you get the right method, don't trust your friends, you won't get it. Trust your friends, but don't trust your relatives. Don't trust your friends. If you follow your relatives, you will be dishonest, but you will not follow your relatives. Honesty has a way, ignorance is good, and dishonesty is not good. Honest, heaven also; Honest people, people's way is also. Honest people don't want to go in, but don't think about it, calm and wise. Those who are sincere choose good and stubborn. Be knowledgeable, interrogate, think carefully, distinguish clearly and persist. If you learn, you can learn from it. If you ask a question, you will know what to do. If a person can do it, he will have a hundred; if a person can do it ten times, he will have a thousand. Can do this, stupid is wise, soft is strong.

Self-honesty is nature; Self-knowledge and sincerity are called teaching. Sincerity is clear, and clarity is sincere.

Only by being sincere in the world can we do our best, do our best, do our best, do our best, do our best, do our best, do our best, praise the teaching of heaven and earth, and do amazing things.

Secondly, songs can be sincere. Honesty means shape, shape means writing, writing means being clear, being clear means moving, moving means changing, and changing means changing. Only sincerity can be transformed in the world.

A sincere way can be known. If the country wants to prosper, it must be auspicious; If the country is going to die, there must be evil spirits. See the tortoise, move four bodies. Misfortune comes from the mouth, and good is rewarded with good, and evil with evil. As sincere as a god.

Honest people form their own families, and so does Tao. Honesty is the goal, but dishonesty is useless. Therefore, honesty is the most important thing for a gentleman. An honest man cannot be himself, so he becomes something. Be yourself and be kind; The achievements are well known. The virtue of sex is also both internal and external. Therefore, it is appropriate to take timely measures.

Therefore, sincere interest-free, endless, long-lasting, long-lasting, long-lasting, long-lasting, rich and brilliant. Rich and thick, so carrying things, so clever, so covering things, but long, so becoming things. Rich and thick land, clever and natural, long and boundless. In this way, if you can't see, you will change and stay still, and you will do nothing. The way of heaven and earth, in a word. If it's unique, it's unpredictable. The way of heaven and earth is rich, thick, high, bright, leisurely and long. There are so many things in the sky today, and they are endless. The sun, the moon and the stars are related, and everything is there. Today, the husband's land, a pinch of soil, is wide and thick, carrying Hua Yue but not heavy, vibrating the rivers and seas without leaking. Today, there are as many stones as there are, and they are vast, where there are plants and animals, and where there are treasures. Today, a spoonful of water is unexpected. Dragon fish and turtles are born, and wealth and goods are raised. Shi Yun: I was deeply impressed by the fate of Wei Tian. Guy said that the reason why the sky is a sky is not obvious. King Wen's virtue is pure, so is Gai, who is a writer.

The way of the Great Sage, the king of magnificent development, is the ultimate in heaven. You are excellent, with etiquette of 300 and dignity of 3000. Don't act until he comes. Therefore, there is no way without virtue. Therefore, a gentleman respects morality and seeks knowledge, making it broad and subtle, extremely bright and moderate, learning new things by reviewing old ones, and being sincere and respectful. I was not arrogant in my former residence, but I didn't feel inferior either. State-owned Tao, its words are enough to prosper, the country has no way, and its silence is enough to accommodate. The poem says: You must have both wisdom and philosophy to protect your body. What does this mean?

Confucius said, "Foolish but good for use, mean and good for self-study, born in this world, against the ancient way." In this case, the disaster and its body are also. "The emperor, rude, no system, no research. Today, cars are the same track, books are the same, and lines are the same. Although there is a person, if there is no virtue, you dare not be polite. Although there is virtue, if there is no position, you dare not be polite. Confucius said, "I don't want to ask for a summer gift. "I study Li Yin, and I have Song Cunyan; I studied Zhou Li and use it today. I learn from Zhou. "

There are three things in the king's world, too few! People who have reached the top, although good, have no signs, no signs of disbelief, and do not believe in the obedience of the people. Those who go to the countryside are disrespectful, disrespectful and don't believe in people's obedience. Therefore, the way of a gentleman, based on the masses, gathers all the Shu Ren, tests the three kings without being absurd, builds heaven and earth without contradiction, creates ghosts and gods without doubt, and is immortal without confusion. There is no doubt about the quality of ghosts and gods, knowing heaven; Immortals are not confused when they are saints, but also know people. Therefore, the gentleman moves and the world is the way of the world, the world is the way of the world, and the world is the way of the world. If you are far away, you will look at it, but if you are near, you will never tire. The poem says: there is no evil there, there is no shooting here, and it will last for several nights. There is no less famous gentleman in the world.

Zhong Nizu preached health preservation, respected the way of civil and military affairs, and attacked the soil and water by law. If the heavens and the earth are loaded, they will all be covered; Just like the wrong line at four o'clock, just like the sun and the moon change. Everything is born without harming each other, and Tao is parallel without contradicting each other. Small Germany flows, great Germany is Dunhua. The world is big, too.

Only when the world is the most sacred can we be smart and knowledgeable, and a sense of existence is enough. Generous and gentle enough to be tolerant. Strong and resolute enough to persist. Qizhuang is honest and respectful. A careful examination of arts and sciences is enough to make a difference. Puboquan, but when he came out. Pubo is like the sky, and deep springs are like the deep. People see people disrespectfully, people say people don't believe it, and people say it as a person. So it's famous in China and quite helpful. Wherever the boat and car go, human resources are connected, covering the sky and the sun, containing the earth, and the sun and the moon are competing for glory. Anyone with flesh and blood must respect his relatives. Therefore, it is worthy of heaven.

Only when the world is sincere can we understand the great classics of the world, establish the foundation of the world and know the teaching of heaven and earth. How can a husband rely on things! If you are kind, you will have a deep origin and a broad sky. If you don't know wisdom, saints and heaven, who can?

The poem says: a catty goes to Jiong. I hate writing. Therefore, the gentleman's way is to be dim and Ri Zhang; However, the villain's way is dying out. Gentleman's way, light and tireless, simple and elegant, gentle and understanding, knowing far, knowing the wind and subtlety, can be combined with entering Germany. As the poem says, although you are latent, you are also full of wisdom. Therefore, a gentleman is guilty of introspection and has no evil intentions. Gentlemen are out of reach, villains are out of reach! Shi Yun: Being in the same room is worth leaking. Therefore, a gentleman does not respect others, but does not keep his word. The poem says: there is no word for counterfeiting, and sometimes there is a dispute. Therefore, the gentleman does not reward the people, and the people are not angry and arrogant. The poem says: if you don't show virtue, you will be rewarded. Therefore, the gentleman respects and the world is flat. Shi Yun: Zi Huaimingde, don't speak loudly. Confucius said: debauchery is for the people, but also for the end. Poetry says: Virtue is like hair. The hair is still alive, in the sky. It is silent and tasteless.

The Analects of Confucius is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his students. Confucius (55 1 years ago -479 years ago), whose name was Zhong Ni, was born in (present-day Qufu, Shandong) in the Spring and Autumn Period. The founder of Confucianism, the most famous thinker, politician and educator in ancient China, had a far-reaching influence on the development of China's ideology and culture. The Analects of Confucius was written in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and was recorded by Confucius' students and their retranslators. The Analects of Confucius covers many aspects such as philosophy, politics, economy, education, literature and art, and is the most important classic of Confucianism. In terms of expression, The Analects of Confucius is a model for recording prose, with concise language and vivid images. In terms of arrangement, The Analects has no strict compiling style, each article is a chapter, and each chapter is a chapter. Articles and chapters are not closely related, but are roughly classified and repeated chapters appear. By the Han Dynasty, there were three editions of The Analects of Confucius (20), The Analects of Confucius (22) and The Analects of Classical Chinese (2 1). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan compiled and annotated a new book based on The Analects of Lu with reference to The Analects of Qi and The Analects of Ancient Chinese. After Zheng Xuan's annotations were circulated, The Analects of Confucius and The Analects of China Ancient Literature gradually disappeared. The later editions of The Analects of Confucius mainly include: The Analects of Confucius by Wei in the Three Kingdoms Period, On Shu Shu by Liang Huang Kan in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, The Analects of Confucius by Zhu, The Analects of Confucius by Liu Baonan in the Qing Dynasty, etc. In Song Dynasty, Zhao Pu said that "The Analects of Confucius governs the whole world and a half", which shows the great contribution of The Analects.

Mencius is a book that records the words and deeds of Mencius and his students. Mencius (about 372- 289 BC), a famous jade son, was born in Zouguo (now southeast of Zoucheng, Shandong Province) in the middle of the Warring States Period, not far from Confucius' hometown Qufu. He is a famous thinker, politician, educator and the successor of Confucius' theory. Like Confucius, Mencius once led students to travel to Wei, Qi, Song, Lu, Teng, Xue and other countries, and once served as a guest minister. Because his political views were not as important as those of Confucius, he returned to his hometown to call his disciples to give lectures, and wrote a book with Zhang Wan and other students, saying, "Preface a poem book, understand Zhong Ni's meaning, and write seven pieces of Mencius." (Historical Records Biography of Mencius and Xun Qing) Zhao Qi compared Mencius with The Analects of Confucius in Mencius' copybook, and thought that Mencius was "imitating a saint". Therefore, although the History of Literature and Art of Han Dynasty only regards Mencius as a sub-book, in the eyes of Han people, it has actually been regarded as a "biography" book to assist the classics. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty named The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Filial Piety, Mencius and Er Ya as "Biographers". At the end of the Five Dynasties, Meng Changjun, the master of the post-Shu Dynasty, ordered people to carve stones on eleven classics such as Mencius, which may be the beginning of Mencius' being included in the Classics. By the time of filial piety in the Southern Song Dynasty, four books compiled by Zhu were included in Mencius, which officially raised Mencius to a very high position. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it became the content of the imperial examination and was a must-read for scholars.